Triona McGrath: How pollution is changing the ocean's chemistry
Triona McGrathová: Jak znečištění mění chemii oceánů
Triona McGrath researches how the oceans are changing due to human activities. Full bio
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the oceans are in our daily lives?
jsou oceány v našem běžném životě?
který dýcháme.
and medicine and food
to feed the entire world population.
ve výživě světové populace.
that the oceans were so vast
že oceány jsou tak rozlehlé,
by human activities.
about a serious reality
called ocean acidification,
okyselování oceánu,
25 percent of all of the carbon dioxide
veškerého oxidu uhličitého,
provided by the oceans
kterou nám oceány poskytují,
is one of the greenhouse gases
skleníkových plynů,
more and more and more
our ocean chemistry.
rozpustí v mořské vodě,
of chemical reactions.
the details of the chemistry for today.
do detailů oceánské chemie.
carbon dioxide enters the ocean,
vstupuje do oceánu,
is an increase in ocean acidity.
že se zvyšuje její kyselost.
is called ocean acidification.
se říká okyselování oceánů.
alongside climate change.
ocean acidification for over two decades.
přes dvě desetiletí.
time series in Hawaii,
důležité časové řady z Havaje,
concentrations of carbon dioxide,
se zvyšující koncentraci oxidu uhličitého,
of human activities.
concentrations of carbon dioxide
koncentraci oxidu uhličitého,
in the surface of the ocean
at the same rate
since measurements began.
kdy se s měřením začalo.
then shows the change in chemistry.
has entered the ocean,
vstupuje do oceánu,
an increase in ocean acidity.
ke zvýšení kyselosti oceánu.
monitoring ocean acidification --
okyselování oceánů --
Institute and NUI Galway.
acidification at the same rate
sites around the world.
z oceánů po celém světě.
of just how we collect our data
jak sbíráme naše data,
in the middle of winter.
posbíráme velké množství vzorků.
in the North Atlantic
v severním Atlantiku,
stormy conditions --
bouřlivé podmínky --
who get a little motion sickness,
kteří trpí závratěmi,
some very valuable data.
opravdu hodnotná data.
over the side of the ship,
podél boku lodi,
that are mounted on the bottom
the surrounding water,
informace o okolní vodě,
or dissolved oxygen.
samples in these large bottles.
do těchto velkých lahví.
which can be over four kilometers deep
což může být čtyři kilometry hluboko,
right up to the surface.
v pravidelných intervalech až k hladině.
analyze them on the ship
for the different chemicals parameters.
různé chemické parametry.
going to affect all of us?
ovlivní nás všechny?
in ocean acidity of 26 percent
o 26 procent
which is directly due to human activities.
což je přímý důsledek lidské činnosti.
our carbon dioxide emissions,
naše emise oxidu uhličitého,
in ocean acidity of 170 percent
kyselosti oceánů o 170 procent
our children's lifetime.
is 10 times faster
je desetkrát rychlejší
for over 55 million years.
během posledních 55 miliónů let.
ever experienced
how they're going to cope.
jak se s tím vypořádají.
event millions of years ago,
k přirozenému okyselení,
than what we're seeing today.
než co vidíme dnes.
of many marine species.
mnoha mořských druhů.
some species are actually doing quite well
se vlastně daří celkem dobře,
as ocean acidity increases,
že jak se kyselost oceánu zvyšuje,
ions in seawater decrease.
v mořské vodě klesá.
the building blocks
stavební jednotky,
to make their shells,
staví své skořápky,
ions in seawater
v mořské vodě,
in order to build coral reefs.
a vytvořily korálové útesy.
of carbonate ions decrease,
to make their shells.
vytvořit si skořápky.
they can actually begin to dissolve.
doslova začínají rozpouštět.
it's called a sea butterfly.
říká se mu mořský motýl,
in the ocean for many species,
pro mnohé druhy,
was placed into seawater
byla ponořena do mořské vody s pH,
by the end of this century.
at this very realistic pH,
v tomto velmi realistickém pH,
has almost completely dissolved.
right up through the food chain --
napříč potravním řetězcem --
likes shellfish? Or salmon?
Nebo lososy?
in the ocean could be affected?
by mohl být postižen?
cold-water corals in Irish waters,
v irských vodách,
including some very important fisheries.
včetně důležitých oblastí rybolovu.
by the end of this century,
in the entire ocean
v celém oceánu
that is dissolving their coral structure.
která rozpouští jejich strukturu.
are these healthy tropical corals.
jsou tyto zdravé tropické korály.
we're expecting by the year 2100.
které očekáváme v roce 2100.
has almost completely dissolved.
téměř úplně rozpustily.
in the entire ocean.
v celém oceánu.
acidification is a global threat.
je globální hrozba.
will look like when he's a grown man.
až z něj bude dospělý muž.
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
oxidu uhličitého do atmosféry.
carbon dioxide emissions.
for industry, for governments.
pro průmysl, pro vlády.
slow down global warming
zpomalit globální oteplování,
and a healthy planet
a zdravou planetu
and for generations to come.
a pro generace příští.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Triona McGrath - Chemical oceanographerTriona McGrath researches how the oceans are changing due to human activities.
Why you should listen
Dr. Triona McGrath researches how the oceans are changing due to human activities, particularly in relation to ocean acidification. Specifically, McGrath monitors levels of carbon dioxide in Irish marine waters to determine the accumulation and movement of carbon in the ocean and subsequent increase in ocean acidity. McGrath and her colleagues published the first rates of ocean acidification for Irish offshore waters and the first baseline dataset of carbon parameters in Irish coastal waters. This is crucial in our understanding of the future health of our oceans along with providing information to determine the impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems.
McGrath is a post-doctorate researcher at the National University of Ireland, Galway, funded by the Marine Institute, Ireland. She has been researching ocean climate change since 2008; her latest research project started in February 2017, and for the next four years she will work with colleagues to further develop ocean acidification research in Ireland through the continuation of an ongoing time series in the Rockall Trough and the determination of seasonal and interannual variability of the carbon system in coastal waters. McGrath is a Fulbright Scholar, receiving a Fulbright Postdoctoral Scholarship in 2013 to visit Prof. Andrew Dickson’s laboratory at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego to further develop analytical skills in ocean carbon chemistry.
McGrath has a Ph.D. in Chemical Oceanography and Bachelor of Marine Science from the National University of Ireland, Galway.
Triona McGrath | Speaker | TED.com