Triona McGrath: How pollution is changing the ocean's chemistry
טריאונה מקגראת': איך זיהום משנה את הכימיה של האוקיינוס
Triona McGrath researches how the oceans are changing due to human activities. Full bio
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the oceans are in our daily lives?
האוקיינוסים לחיים שלנו?
מכוכב הלכת שלנו.
and medicine and food
תרופות ומזון,
to feed the entire world population.
את אוכלוסיית העולם כולו.
that the oceans were so vast
כל כך גדולים
by human activities.
about a serious reality
called ocean acidification,
החמצת האוקיינוס,
25 percent of all of the carbon dioxide
מכל הפחמן הדו-חמצני
provided by the oceans
is one of the greenhouse gases
more and more and more
our ocean chemistry.
of chemical reactions.
the details of the chemistry for today.
של הכימיה היום.
carbon dioxide enters the ocean,
שיותר פחמן דו-חמצני נכנס לאוקיינוס,
is an increase in ocean acidity.
is called ocean acidification.
alongside climate change.
ocean acidification for over two decades.
במשך יותר משני עשורים.
time series in Hawaii,
חשובה בהוואי,
concentrations of carbon dioxide,
בריכוזי הפחמן הדו-חמצני,
of human activities.
concentrations of carbon dioxide
העולים של פחמן דו-חמצני
in the surface of the ocean
at the same rate
since measurements began.
מאז שהחלו במדידות.
then shows the change in chemistry.
has entered the ocean,
an increase in ocean acidity.
ברמת החומציות של האוקיינוס.
monitoring ocean acidification --
את חומציות האוקיינוס -
Institute and NUI Galway.
acidification at the same rate
sites around the world.
שפזורות מסביב לעולם.
of just how we collect our data
איך אנחנו אוספים את המידע שלנו
in the middle of winter.
מהדוגמאות באמצע החורף.
in the North Atlantic
בצפון האטלנטי
stormy conditions --
who get a little motion sickness,
some very valuable data.
over the side of the ship,
הזה לצד הספינה,
that are mounted on the bottom
the surrounding water,
or dissolved oxygen.
samples in these large bottles.
בבקבוקים הגדולים האלה.
which can be over four kilometers deep
בעומק של יותר מארבעה קילומטר
right up to the surface.
קבועים ממש עד פני-השטח.
analyze them on the ship
for the different chemicals parameters.
לפרמטרים כימיים שונים.
going to affect all of us?
in ocean acidity of 26 percent
בחומציות האוקיינוס
which is directly due to human activities.
שנובעת ישירות מפעילות בני-האדם.
our carbon dioxide emissions,
הפחמן הדו-חמצני שלנו,
in ocean acidity of 170 percent
בחומציות האוקיינוס
our children's lifetime.
is 10 times faster
for over 55 million years.
ב-55 מיליון השנים האחרונות.
ever experienced
how they're going to cope.
איך הם הולכים להתמודד.
event millions of years ago,
than what we're seeing today.
of many marine species.
של בעלי-חיים ימיים.
some species are actually doing quite well
מסתדרים די טוב
as ocean acidity increases,
שחומציות האוקיינוס עולה,
ions in seawater decrease.
the building blocks
to make their shells,
הקונכיות שלהם,
ions in seawater
in order to build coral reefs.
על מנת ליצור שוניות.
of carbonate ions decrease,
to make their shells.
לבנות את הקונכיות שלהם.
they can actually begin to dissolve.
להתחיל ממש להתמוסס.
it's called a sea butterfly.
in the ocean for many species,
למספר רב של מינים,
was placed into seawater
by the end of this century.
at this very realistic pH,
הריאלי הזה,
has almost completely dissolved.
כמעט לחלוטין.
right up through the food chain --
במעלה שרשרת המזון -
likes shellfish? Or salmon?
או סלמון?
in the ocean could be affected?
יכול להיות מושפע?
cold-water corals in Irish waters,
מים-קרים במים באירלנד,
including some very important fisheries.
שכולל גם כמה איזורי-דיג חשובים,
by the end of this century,
in the entire ocean
באוקיינוס כולו
that is dissolving their coral structure.
את המבנה האלמוגי שלהם,
are these healthy tropical corals.
האלמוגים הטרופיים הבריאים האלה
we're expecting by the year 2100.
שיהיה בשנת 2100.
has almost completely dissolved.
התמוססו כמעט לחלוטין.
in the entire ocean.
הימיים באוקיינוס כולו,
acidification is a global threat.
היא איום גלובאלי.
will look like when he's a grown man.
שלנו כשהוא יהיה אדם בוגר.
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
פחמן דו-חמצני לאטמוספירה.
carbon dioxide emissions.
הפחמן הדו-חמצני שלנו.
for industry, for governments.
slow down global warming
להאט את ההתחממות הגלובאלית
and a healthy planet
וכוכב-לכת בריא
and for generations to come.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Triona McGrath - Chemical oceanographerTriona McGrath researches how the oceans are changing due to human activities.
Why you should listen
Dr. Triona McGrath researches how the oceans are changing due to human activities, particularly in relation to ocean acidification. Specifically, McGrath monitors levels of carbon dioxide in Irish marine waters to determine the accumulation and movement of carbon in the ocean and subsequent increase in ocean acidity. McGrath and her colleagues published the first rates of ocean acidification for Irish offshore waters and the first baseline dataset of carbon parameters in Irish coastal waters. This is crucial in our understanding of the future health of our oceans along with providing information to determine the impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems.
McGrath is a post-doctorate researcher at the National University of Ireland, Galway, funded by the Marine Institute, Ireland. She has been researching ocean climate change since 2008; her latest research project started in February 2017, and for the next four years she will work with colleagues to further develop ocean acidification research in Ireland through the continuation of an ongoing time series in the Rockall Trough and the determination of seasonal and interannual variability of the carbon system in coastal waters. McGrath is a Fulbright Scholar, receiving a Fulbright Postdoctoral Scholarship in 2013 to visit Prof. Andrew Dickson’s laboratory at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego to further develop analytical skills in ocean carbon chemistry.
McGrath has a Ph.D. in Chemical Oceanography and Bachelor of Marine Science from the National University of Ireland, Galway.
Triona McGrath | Speaker | TED.com