Triona McGrath: How pollution is changing the ocean's chemistry
トリオナ・マクグラー: 海洋汚染は海水の化学をどのように変えるのか
Triona McGrath researches how the oceans are changing due to human activities. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the oceans are in our daily lives?
皆さんは考えたことがありますか?
and medicine and food
to feed the entire world population.
タンパク質の20パーセントも含まれます
that the oceans were so vast
by human activities.
考えられていました
about a serious reality
深刻な現状をお話しします
called ocean acidification,
「気候変動の邪悪な双子」と呼ばれています
「気候変動の邪悪な双子」と呼ばれています
25 percent of all of the carbon dioxide
放出した二酸化炭素の25%を
provided by the oceans
温室効果ガスなので
is one of the greenhouse gases
もう一つの素晴らしい恩恵です
もう一つの素晴らしい恩恵です
more and more and more
ますます二酸化炭素を排出し続けているので
ますます二酸化炭素を排出し続けているので
our ocean chemistry.
of chemical reactions.
the details of the chemistry for today.
carbon dioxide enters the ocean,
is an increase in ocean acidity.
上がることを意味しています
is called ocean acidification.
alongside climate change.
同時に起きています
ocean acidification for over two decades.
20年以上観測しています
time series in Hawaii,
重要な時系列データです
concentrations of carbon dioxide,
大気中の二酸化炭素濃度を示しています
大気中の二酸化炭素濃度を示しています
of human activities.
concentrations of carbon dioxide
二酸化炭素の濃度が
in the surface of the ocean
at the same rate
since measurements began.
同じ割合で上昇しています
then shows the change in chemistry.
化学組成の変化を示しています
has entered the ocean,
an increase in ocean acidity.
上がっていることを意味しています
monitoring ocean acidification --
海洋酸性化をモニタリングしています―
Institute and NUI Galway.
ゴールウェイ校の科学者たちです
acidification at the same rate
観測しており
sites around the world.
データと同じ速度で進行しています
of just how we collect our data
私たちがどのように
in the middle of winter.
サンプルを集めます
in the North Atlantic
stormy conditions --
遭うこともあります
who get a little motion sickness,
some very valuable data.
収集しています
over the side of the ship,
that are mounted on the bottom
the surrounding water,
or dissolved oxygen.
samples in these large bottles.
海水のサンプルを集めます
which can be over four kilometers deep
水深4km以上もざらですが
水深4km以上もざらですが
right up to the surface.
サンプルを集めます
analyze them on the ship
for the different chemicals parameters.
様々な化学的パラメーターを分析します
going to affect all of us?
どのような影響を与えるのでしょうか?
in ocean acidity of 26 percent
海洋酸性度は既に26%上昇しています
which is directly due to human activities.
our carbon dioxide emissions,
in ocean acidity of 170 percent
海洋酸性度が170%上昇すると
our children's lifetime.
is 10 times faster
for over 55 million years.
どの酸性化よりも10倍速いのです
ever experienced
how they're going to cope.
どのように適応するのか予測できないのです
event millions of years ago,
海洋酸性化が起こりましたが
than what we're seeing today.
かなりゆっくりでした
of many marine species.
大量に絶滅しました
some species are actually doing quite well
研究結果が出ています
as ocean acidity increases,
海洋酸性度が上昇すると
ions in seawater decrease.
the building blocks
to make their shells,
重要な成分です
ions in seawater
in order to build coral reefs.
of carbonate ions decrease,
to make their shells.
they can actually begin to dissolve.
実際に溶け始めます
it's called a sea butterfly.
海の蝶とも呼ばれています
in the ocean for many species,
海に生息する
was placed into seawater
by the end of this century.
at this very realistic pH,
たった45日後には
has almost completely dissolved.
right up through the food chain --
likes shellfish? Or salmon?
食べている他の多くの魚も
食べている他の多くの魚も
in the ocean could be affected?
cold-water corals in Irish waters,
including some very important fisheries.
豊かな生物多様性を支えています
by the end of this century,
in the entire ocean
that is dissolving their coral structure.
予想されています
are these healthy tropical corals.
健康な熱帯サンゴです
we're expecting by the year 2100.
pHの海水に浸けられると
has almost completely dissolved.
ほぼ完全に溶けてしまいました
in the entire ocean.
25%を支えています
acidification is a global threat.
脅威であることが分かります
will look like when he's a grown man.
どうなっているのか考えるのが恐ろしいです
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
二酸化炭素を排出しました
carbon dioxide emissions.
for industry, for governments.
産業界、政府にとって重要です
slow down global warming
取り組む必要があります
海洋酸性化を遅らせることも
and a healthy planet
and for generations to come.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Triona McGrath - Chemical oceanographerTriona McGrath researches how the oceans are changing due to human activities.
Why you should listen
Dr. Triona McGrath researches how the oceans are changing due to human activities, particularly in relation to ocean acidification. Specifically, McGrath monitors levels of carbon dioxide in Irish marine waters to determine the accumulation and movement of carbon in the ocean and subsequent increase in ocean acidity. McGrath and her colleagues published the first rates of ocean acidification for Irish offshore waters and the first baseline dataset of carbon parameters in Irish coastal waters. This is crucial in our understanding of the future health of our oceans along with providing information to determine the impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems.
McGrath is a post-doctorate researcher at the National University of Ireland, Galway, funded by the Marine Institute, Ireland. She has been researching ocean climate change since 2008; her latest research project started in February 2017, and for the next four years she will work with colleagues to further develop ocean acidification research in Ireland through the continuation of an ongoing time series in the Rockall Trough and the determination of seasonal and interannual variability of the carbon system in coastal waters. McGrath is a Fulbright Scholar, receiving a Fulbright Postdoctoral Scholarship in 2013 to visit Prof. Andrew Dickson’s laboratory at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego to further develop analytical skills in ocean carbon chemistry.
McGrath has a Ph.D. in Chemical Oceanography and Bachelor of Marine Science from the National University of Ireland, Galway.
Triona McGrath | Speaker | TED.com