Barry Schwartz: The way we think about work is broken
بری شوارتز: شیوه ای که ما درباره کار فکر میکنیم شکست خورده
Barry Schwartz studies the link between economics and psychology, offering startling insights into modern life. Lately, working with Ken Sharpe, he's studying wisdom. Full bio
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and answer is this:
و پاسخ دهم این هست:
out of bed every morning
از رختخواب بیرون میکشیم
TED-like adventure to another?
TED یه ماجراجویی به دیگری جست وخیز میزنیم؟
that very question.
we have to make a living,
ما باید امرار معاش کنیم،
that that's the answer to the question,
این پرسشی باشد که باید پاسخ دهیم،
the work we do is challenging,
کاری که میکنیم چالش برانگیز هست،
it's meaningful.
it might even be important.
شاید مهم هم باشد.
if we didn't get paid,
اگر در ازاش چیزی نمیگرفتیم،
کاری را انجام میدهیم نیست.
are a pretty bad reason
that he's "in it for the money,"
این کار را "برای پول" میکند،
raises what is for me
برای من یک پرسش بسیار عمیق
majority of people on the planet,
مردم روی زمین،
has none of the characteristics
and off to the office every morning?
و هر روز صبح به دفتر کار ببرد را ندارند؟
the majority of people on the planet
مردم روی کره زمین
meaningless and soul-deadening?
بی معنی و کشنده - روح را بکنند؟
of goods and services,
از کالاها و خدمات، را ایجاد می کند،
that might come from work were eliminated?
حاصل از کار کردن از بین میرود؟
in call centers,
چه در مراکز ارتباطات،
to do what they do except for pay.
که آنها کار کنند به جز دریافت پول.
screws people, blah blah --
اتوماسیون مردم را دیوانه کرده،
آه آه--
the kind of technology
and that people come to TED to hear about.
و تکنولوژیی که مردم به TEDمیایند تا دربارهاش بشنوند.
the technology of things,
science creates ideas.
علم ایده ها را میآفریند.
are ways of understanding ourselves.
راه های درک خودمان هست.
on how we think, what we aspire to,
در اینکه ما چگونه فکر می کنیم، و چگونه الهام میگیریم،
is God's will, you pray.
تو دعا میکنی.
of your own inadequacy,
بیکفایتی خودت هست،
the result of oppression and domination,
نتیجه ظلم و ستم و سلطهگری هست،
is resignation or revolution,
the sources of your poverty.
in shaping us as human beings,
ما به عنوان انسان بازی می کنند،
the most profoundly important technology
مهمترین تکنولوژی باشد که
about idea technology,
from the technology of things.
این تنها ناپدید میشود، درسته؟
will not go away
به کنار نمیروند
that they're true,
این ایدهها حقیقت دارند،
and institutions
و موسسات ایجاد میکنند
with these very false ideas.
created a factory system
سیستم کارخانه ای را ایجاد کرد
could possibly get out of your day's work,
که شما بتوانید از کار روزانهتان بگیرید،
به شما پول پرداخت شود.
one of the fathers
یکی از پدران
Adam Smith --
آدام اسمیت--
were by their very natures lazy,
بطور طبیعی تنبل هست،
unless you made it worth their while,
که شما آن کار را برای آنها ارزشمند کنید،
by giving them rewards.
و توسط پاداش دادن به آنها هست.
anyone ever did anything.
که کسی کار را انجام میدهد.
with that false view of human nature.
دیدگاه اشتباه از طبیعت انسان بود.
of production was in place,
for people to operate,
with Adam Smith's vision.
دیدگاه آدام اسمیت سازگار بود.
can create a circumstance
میتواند یک شرایطی را ایجاد کند
که آنها را حقیقی کند.
good help anymore."
کمک خوب برخوردار شوید.
that is demeaning and soulless.
که بی معنا و بدون روح باشد.
this incredible invention
in assembly lines,
in assembly lines, he says:
possible for a human being to become."
یک بشر بتواند بشود میشود."
possible for a human being to become."
یک بشر بتواند بشود میشود."
what Adam Smith was telling us there,
آنچه که آدام اسمیت به ما میگوید،
within which people work
و موسساتی که مردم در آنها کار میکنند
to the demands of that institution
نیاز آن موسسات و نهادها باشند
from their work that we take for granted.
عنوان امتیاز میدانیم محروم میکند.
natural science --
علوم طبیعی--
theories about the cosmos,
بسار جالبی در مورد جهان بدهیم،
indifferent to our theories.
نظریه ما بی تفاوت باشد.
we have about the cosmos.
در مورد جهان هستی داریم.
the theories we have of human nature,
دربار طبیعت انسان میدهیم باشیم،
by the theories we have
که ما داریم تغییر خواهد کرد
and help us understand human beings.
و به ما کمک کنند تا انسان باشیم.
Clifford Geertz, said, years ago,
کلیفورد گیرتز، سالها پیش، گفت:
are the "unfinished animals."
was that it is only human nature
که تنها طبیعت انسان است
of the society in which people live.
که مردم در آن زندگی می کنند.
that is to say our human nature,
که طبیعت انسان بودن ما را میگوید،
than it is discovered.
آنچه که تاکنون کشف شده است.
طراحی موسسات و نهادهایی
within which people live and work.
در آن زندگی و کار می کنند.
to being with masters of the universe --
جهان هستید که من تاکنون برخورد داشته ام---
yourself a question,
که سازمان های خود را اداره کنید
to run your organizations.
do you want to help design?
کمک کنید تا طراحی شود؟
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Barry Schwartz - PsychologistBarry Schwartz studies the link between economics and psychology, offering startling insights into modern life. Lately, working with Ken Sharpe, he's studying wisdom.
Why you should listen
In his 2004 book The Paradox of Choice, Barry Schwartz tackles one of the great mysteries of modern life: Why is it that societies of great abundance — where individuals are offered more freedom and choice (personal, professional, material) than ever before — are now witnessing a near-epidemic of depression? Conventional wisdom tells us that greater choice is for the greater good, but Schwartz argues the opposite: He makes a compelling case that the abundance of choice in today's western world is actually making us miserable.
Infinite choice is paralyzing, Schwartz argues, and exhausting to the human psyche. It leads us to set unreasonably high expectations, question our choices before we even make them and blame our failures entirely on ourselves. His relatable examples, from consumer products (jeans, TVs, salad dressings) to lifestyle choices (where to live, what job to take, who and when to marry), underscore this central point: Too much choice undermines happiness.
Schwartz's previous research has addressed morality, decision-making and the varied inter-relationships between science and society. Before Paradox he published The Costs of Living, which traces the impact of free-market thinking on the explosion of consumerism -- and the effect of the new capitalism on social and cultural institutions that once operated above the market, such as medicine, sports, and the law.
Both books level serious criticism of modern western society, illuminating the under-reported psychological plagues of our time. But they also offer concrete ideas on addressing the problems, from a personal and societal level.
Schwartz is the author of the TED Book, Why We Work.
Barry Schwartz | Speaker | TED.com