Barry Schwartz: The way we think about work is broken
배리 슈워츠(Barry Schwartz): 우리가 일을 생각하는 방식에 문제가 있습니다
Barry Schwartz studies the link between economics and psychology, offering startling insights into modern life. Lately, working with Ken Sharpe, he's studying wisdom. Full bio
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and answer is this:
out of bed every morning
침대에서 끌어 낼까요?
TED-like adventure to another?
채우는 대신에요?
that very question.
그 같은 질문을 할겁니다.
we have to make a living,
우린 생계를 꾸려야지요.
that that's the answer to the question,
이 질문의 답이라 생각하지 않습니다.
the work we do is challenging,
우리 일이란 해볼 만한 것이고
it's meaningful.
의미있는 것입니다.
it might even be important.
이것은 중요하기까지 할 겁니다.
if we didn't get paid,
일을 하지는 않을 거지만
이유는 아닙니다.
are a pretty bad reason
꽤 나쁜 이유라고 생각하는 것 같은데
that he's "in it for the money,"
"돈 때문에 한다"라고 말할 때
명확하다고 봅니다.
raises what is for me
심오한 질문을 떠오르게 합니다.
majority of people on the planet,
대다수의 사람에게
has none of the characteristics
아무런 특징이 없는 것일지,
and off to the office every morning?
출근하게 할 특징이 없는 걸까요?
the majority of people on the planet
meaningless and soul-deadening?
메마르게 하는 일을 하는 걸까요?
of goods and services,
that might come from work were eliminated?
제거된 건 어째서일까요?
in call centers,
돈을 벌기 위해 합니다.
to do what they do except for pay.
벌기 위해서란 것 외에는 없습니다.
screws people, blah blah --
사람을 망치고 어쩌고 저쩌고--
the kind of technology
말하는 게 아닌데
and that people come to TED to hear about.
TED에 와서 듣는 거 말입니다.
the technology of things,
science creates ideas.
생각을 창조합니다.
are ways of understanding ourselves.
우리 스스로를 이해하는 방식이 됩니다.
on how we think, what we aspire to,
것에 지대한 영향을 끼칩니다.
방식에도 영향을 주죠.
is God's will, you pray.
생각하면, 여러분은 기도합니다.
of your own inadequacy,
부족함의 결과라고 생각하면,
the result of oppression and domination,
지배의 결과라고 생각한다면,
is resignation or revolution,
체념이든 저항이든
the sources of your poverty.
이해에 따라 다릅니다.
in shaping us as human beings,
인간으로 만드는 역할을 하죠.
the most profoundly important technology
가장 절실히 중요한 기술인 겁니다.
about idea technology,
특별한 게 있는데,
from the technology of things.
will not go away
사라지지 않습니다.
that they're true,
and institutions
제도를 만드는데
with these very false ideas.
함께 부합하는 것입니다.
created a factory system
공장 체계를 만들었는데
could possibly get out of your day's work,
마치고 받는 월급말고는
one of the fathers
그 중 하나인 애덤 스미스는
Adam Smith --
were by their very natures lazy,
unless you made it worth their while,
아무것도 하지 않을 거라고 생각했죠.
by giving them rewards.
주는 것이었습니다.
anyone ever did anything.
유일한 이유였습니다.
with that false view of human nature.
견해로 공장 체제를 만들었습니다.
of production was in place,
for people to operate,
다른 방법이 정말 없었습니다.
with Adam Smith's vision.
지속된 방식 말고는요.
can create a circumstance
있는지 보여주는 한 사례입니다.
것은 사실이 아닙니다.
good help anymore."
that is demeaning and soulless.
영혼없는 일을 줄 때입니다.
this incredible invention
노동의 분배에 대한
in assembly lines,
조립라인에서 일하는 사람들,
in assembly lines, he says:
그 말에 따르면:
possible for a human being to become."
바보스러운 모습이 된다."
단어를 보십시오.
possible for a human being to become."
바보스러운 모습이 된다."
what Adam Smith was telling us there,
애덤 스미스가 말했던 것은
within which people work
그 제도 속에서 그 모습이
to the demands of that institution
사람을 만든다는 겁니다.
from their work that we take for granted.
만족감을 이끌어 내는 기회이죠.
natural science --
theories about the cosmos,
멋진 이론들을 만들어 냅니다.
indifferent to our theories.
무관심하다는 것입니다.
방식으로 작동할겁니다,
we have about the cosmos.
가지고 있든지 간에요.
the theories we have of human nature,
이론에 대해선 우린 걱정해야 합니다.
by the theories we have
이론에 의해 바뀔 것이니까요.
and help us understand human beings.
설명하기 위해 만들어지는 겁니다.
Clifford Geertz, said, years ago,
클리포드 기어츠가 몇년 전 말하길,
are the "unfinished animals."
was that it is only human nature
오직 인간 본성만이
of the society in which people live.
가질 수 있다는 겁니다.
that is to say our human nature,
그러니까 우리의 인간 본성은,
than it is discovered.
만들어지는 겁니다.
within which people live and work.
제도를 설계함으로써요.
to being with masters of the universe --
yourself a question,
to run your organizations.
do you want to help design?
설계하는 것을 돕길 바랍니까?
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Barry Schwartz - PsychologistBarry Schwartz studies the link between economics and psychology, offering startling insights into modern life. Lately, working with Ken Sharpe, he's studying wisdom.
Why you should listen
In his 2004 book The Paradox of Choice, Barry Schwartz tackles one of the great mysteries of modern life: Why is it that societies of great abundance — where individuals are offered more freedom and choice (personal, professional, material) than ever before — are now witnessing a near-epidemic of depression? Conventional wisdom tells us that greater choice is for the greater good, but Schwartz argues the opposite: He makes a compelling case that the abundance of choice in today's western world is actually making us miserable.
Infinite choice is paralyzing, Schwartz argues, and exhausting to the human psyche. It leads us to set unreasonably high expectations, question our choices before we even make them and blame our failures entirely on ourselves. His relatable examples, from consumer products (jeans, TVs, salad dressings) to lifestyle choices (where to live, what job to take, who and when to marry), underscore this central point: Too much choice undermines happiness.
Schwartz's previous research has addressed morality, decision-making and the varied inter-relationships between science and society. Before Paradox he published The Costs of Living, which traces the impact of free-market thinking on the explosion of consumerism -- and the effect of the new capitalism on social and cultural institutions that once operated above the market, such as medicine, sports, and the law.
Both books level serious criticism of modern western society, illuminating the under-reported psychological plagues of our time. But they also offer concrete ideas on addressing the problems, from a personal and societal level.
Schwartz is the author of the TED Book, Why We Work.
Barry Schwartz | Speaker | TED.com