Hilary Cottam: Social services are broken. How we can fix them
هیلاری کاتم: خدمات اجتماعی ناموفق هستند. چگونه میتوانیم آنها را احیا کنیم
Hilary Cottam wants to redesign the welfare state using the power of relationships. Full bio
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social problems of this century.
like all these problems
همه این مشکلات
unemployment, violence, addiction --
خشونت، اعتیاد
like this that I know.
که می شناسم، با شما صحبت کنم.
on a run down estate.
می کند.
and never used,
نمیشوند،
the tension is palpable
with one of her daughters.
constant stream of abuse from the kitchen,
میکند،
behind the bedroom door and straining.
زندانی هستند،
کرده است.
and she knows no way out.
of abusive partners,
been taken into care by social services.
خدمت اجتماعی قرار گرفته است.
that still live with her
and none of them are in education.
و هیچ کدام مدرسه نمیروند.
is repeating the cycle
چرخه شبیه به
there were 73 different services
اجتماعی متنوع وجود داشت
in the city where she lives,
زندگیشان عرضه میشد،
run out of 24 departments in one city,
و در یک شهر،
were known to most of them.
از آنها شناحته شده بودند.
social services
اجتماعی
arguments that broke out.
on a regular basis by social workers,
طبق روند ممعمول بازدید شد،
a housing officer, a home tutor
یک افسر مسکن، یک معلم خصوصی در خانه
that there are 100,000 families
۱۰۰٫۰۰۰ خانواده
social and environmental deprivation.
محیط زیستی دست و پنجه نرم میکنند.
that managing this problem
per family per year
برای هر خانواده در سال دارد
are making a difference.
تفاوتی را ایجاد نکرده است.
with another family like Ella's.
برای خانواده دیگری تهیه کردیم.
in that family's life.
را نشان میدهد.
interventions is part of an overall plan.
برنامه کلی نیستند.
are dealing with the underlying issues.
مشکلات اساسی را حل نمیکند.
ways of managing a problem.
راه های مدیریت مشکلات هستند.
and then I leave."
و میروم.»
with families like Ella's
just aren't working?
که کار نمیکنند؟
to live in Ella's family.
چه حسی دارد.
and what we can do differently.
و ما چه کار متفاوتی میتوانیم انجام دهیم.
is that cost is a really slippery concept.
هزینه یک مفهوم بیپایه است.
that a family like Ella's
مدیریت خانوادهای مثل خانواده الا
a year to manage,
در هر سال دارد،
a quarter of a million pounds a year.
در هر سال دارد.
actually touches Ella's family
تغییر
like this costly gyroscope
keeping them stuck at its heart,
وسط خود گیر میاندازد،
with the frontline workers,
عملیاتی کار گذراندم،
is an impossible situation.
for Ella's 14-year-old son Ryan,
-پسر ۱۴ ساله اِلا-
servicing the system:
filling out forms,
to discuss the forms,
بحث درباره فرمها،
he has to be with Ryan
سپری کند
and information for the system.
برای سیستم میکند.
Have you been drinking?
آیا مشروبات میخوری؟
rules out the possibility
of what's needed
between Tom and Ryan.
کردیم،
the professionals --
of their offices.
but ultimately so futile.
اما در نهایت بسیار بیهوده است.
of absolute breakdown,
the leaders of the city where Ella lives
رهبران شهر محل زندگی اِلا توافق کردند
by reversing Ryan's ratio.
معکوس کردن نسبت رایان شروع کنیم.
with Ella or a family like Ella's
مثل خانواده اِلا در تماس بود
working with the families
was in a best position to help them.
میکرده است.
to be part of an interview panel,
در یک مصاحبه شرکت کنند،
the existing professionals
که به ما بپیوندند،
of work to manage a system,
سیستم را مدیریت کنید،
and you want to make a difference.
تفاوت ایجاد کنید.
everybody who came through the door,
از در وارد می شد، پرسیدند که،
starts kicking me?"
به من لگد می زند؟"
for the nearest exit
I'll call my supervisor."
سرپرست راصدا میکنم."
"You're the system. Get out of here!"
"تو سیستم هستی.از اینجا خارج شو!"
is a policeman, and he says,
افسر پلیس است و میگوید،
and then I'm not sure what I'll do."
و بعد مطمئن نیستم که چه کار کنم."
going to talk in jargon.
تخصصی بکار برند.
and convinced the mothers
مادرها را
through thick and thin,
با آنها خواهند بود،
be soft with them.
مهربان نبودند.
of the former budget,
سابق داده میشود،
in any way they chose.
هر راهی خرج کنند.
went out for supper.
را بیرون خوردند.
and they talked and they listened
برای اولین بار
to start a social enterprise.
استفاده کرد.
and the workers.
changes took place.
some big steps backwards
گام های بزرگ رو به جلو،
an IT training course,
را تمام کرده است،
her children are back in school,
فرزندانش به مدرسه برگشتند،
would be moved anywhere
به جای دیگری بروند
involved in this transformation --
has been supported to change.
because I think that relationships
چون فکر می کنم آن رابطه ها
intractable problems.
are all but written off
our welfare institutions.
رفاهی از بین رفته اند.
really has to change.
تغییر کند.
human bonds between us,
خودمان حرف میزنم،
of connection, of belonging,
that support us to change,
و باعث میشوند تغییر کنیم
and try something new.
و چیز جدیدی را امتحان کنیم.
in the institutions
Ella and her family
حمایت کنند
designed out of a welfare model
رفاهی که در انگلیس به وجود آمد
and exported around the world.
of the first welfare state
the average sensual or emotional man.
of the impersonal system
and work in this system.
اعتقاد داشتند.
sees social issues
sold over 100,000 copies
on a November night to get hold of a copy,
ماه نوامبر در صف میایستادند،
across the colonies, across Europe,
were designed around the globe.
گرفته بودند، گذاشت.
the institutions -- they are global,
همگی جهانی هستند،
like common sense.
see them anymore.
that in the 20th century,
these institutions.
the eradication of mass disease,
of today's challenges.
than a lifetime of smoking?
کل زندگی، قاتل امروز بشر است؟
one person over 60 -- one in three --
بالای ۶۰ سال
another person in a week.
نمیکند.
نمیکند.
with this problem;
را دارند؛
of the Western world.
in countries like China,
mass migration, has left older people
افراد مسن را
designed and exported --
و صادر کرد
relational challenge,
by a traditional bureaucratic response.
wanting to understand this problem,
فهمیدن این مشکل،
of about 60 older people
observing and listening.
what we could do differently.
متفاوت کار کنیم.
they want two things.
۲ چیز می خواهند،
and change a light bulb,
و لامپ را عوض کند،
come out of hospital.
آنجا باشد.
with like-minded people,
بیرون روند و کارهای جالب کنند،
made friends at every stage of our lives.
دوست پیدا میکنیم، دوست پیدا کنند.
hired a couple of handymen,
خدمتکار استخدام کردیم،
a toll-free 0 800 number
0-800 را عرضه کرده است.
for any support.
میتوانند تماس گیرند.
for so many reasons.
their pets are unwell,
how to use their mobile phone,
با تلفن همراهشان کار کنند،
a rich social calendar --
هم عرضه میکند.
hot air ballooning -- you name it.
بالن سواری
the really deep change:
یک تغییر واقعاً عمیق:
that have formed
going into hospital for a hip operation,
به بیمارستان میرفت،
they wouldn't see her for a bit.
برای مدتی او را نخواهند دید.
calls her back and says, "How can I help?"
و پرسید:"چه کمکی میتوانم کنم؟"
Tony's doing the gardening,
باغبانی را میکند،
to come in and cook and chat."
had organized themselves
سازمان دادند
that she feels 25 inside,
احساس می کند ۲۵ ساله است.
when she joined Circle.
ناتوانی و افسردگی داشت.
to come along to that first event
natural friendships formed,
the need for expensive services.
سرویسهای گران قیمت شده است.
that are making the difference.
have converged
at the heart and center
different solutions.
as financial, of doing business as usual.
these approaches to scale
قادر میسازد که
thousands of people.
is really simple,
بسیار ساده است،
like databases, mobile phones.
تلفن همراه تشکیل شده است.
system that underpins it,
زیربنای این است،
a membership of up to a thousand.
عضویت هزار نفری را حمایت کند.
with a neighborhood organization
just wasn't possible,
that the spine of technology can provide.
بتواند فراهم کند.
underpinned by technology
models on their heads.
about institutions with finite resources,
مؤسسات با منابع حدود است،
up to 80 percent of resource
of administration
اداره کنند.
accessing the service
that we and others have designed,
طراحی کردهایم
the more relationships,
and final story,
in the world,
even more efficient and transactional --
انواع کارا تر است
people into ever-smaller categories,
کوچکتر تقسیم شوند،
more efficiently -- in other words,
به زبان دیگر یعنی
پیدا میکنند؟
most new jobs are not advertised.
آگهی نمیشوند.
به شما می گویند،
میکنند،
that helps you find work.
شما را در یافتن شغل کمک میکند.
this evening are thinking,
a friend that showed you the ad
را به شما نشان داده است و
this rich and diverse network
نیاز دارند
and failure of current systems,
سیستمهای فعلی،
with relationships at its heart.
هسته اصلی آن طراحی کردیم.
that encourages people to meet up,
ملاقات با یکدیگر تشویق میکند،
the results of these new systems
with our first 1,000 members,
by a factor of three,
و با هزینه کمتر
that a social platform would do.
شبکههای اجتماعی انجام میدهند.
and connect them with each other,
رو در رو کردن آنها استفاده کردیم،
and supporting people to find work.
راستای یافتن شغل.
a dreadful mistake.
and their communities out.
led to seeing people,
of the bureaucracies and the institutions.
were already withering.
was much less read
and their communities
اجتماعات را
we design new systems and new services,
درست کردیم؛ بیاوریم،
"Relational Welfare."
"رفاه ارتباطی" مینامم.
these old, transactional,
the shared collective relational responses
اتخاذ کنیم
and up the skills curve
منحنی مهارت را در بازار نیرو
of education, of health care systems,
مراقبتهای سلامتی را شناسایی کند،
that are pressing on our societies.
جوامع ما را تحت فشار قرار داده است.
resource we have.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hilary Cottam - Innovator and social entrepreneurHilary Cottam wants to redesign the welfare state using the power of relationships.
Why you should listen
In its current functioning, based on the ideas first put forth in Britain by Sir William Beveridge in 1942 and then adopted around the world, the welfare state expressly designs out people’s capabilities and relationships, focusing instead on impersonal systems and rules. Sixty years on, the welfare state is failing its purpose and leaving people behind.
Hilary Cottam believes that a solution can be found in putting relationships squarely in the middle of it, and she has the examples and stories to prove it.
Cottam's recent award winning work includes: new systems to support an ageing population; a prison that reduces re-offending; new approaches to chronic disease and unemployment.
She has advised governments, companies and third sector organisations in the UK and internationally. She was educated at Oxford, Sussex and the Open University. She was awarded her PhD in 1999. She currently lives and works in London.
Hilary Cottam | Speaker | TED.com