TEDGlobal>London
Hilary Cottam: Social services are broken. How we can fix them
Hilari Kotam (Hilary Cottam): Usluge socijalne zaštite su propale. Kako možemo da ih popravimo?
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Kada porodica upadne u krizu - a to se ponekad dešava, zahvaljujući nezaposlenosti, drogama, lošim odnosima i nesreći - sistem usluga socijalne zaštite bi trebalo da priskoči i da joj pomogne da se vrati na pravi put. Kako Hilari Kotam pokazuje, u Velikoj Britaniji tipična porodica u krizi može imati pravo na usluge više od 70 različitih agencija, ali je malo verovatno da će bilo koja od njih zaista nešto promeniti. Kotamova, i sama socijalni radnik, traži da razmislimo o načinima na koje možemo rešiti duboke i složene socijalne probleme. Kako možemo izgraditi podržavajuće, entuzijastične odnose između onih kojima treba pomoć i onih koji pružaju pomoć?
Hilary Cottam - Innovator and social entrepreneur
Hilary Cottam wants to redesign the welfare state using the power of relationships. Full bio
Hilary Cottam wants to redesign the welfare state using the power of relationships. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I want to tell you three stories
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Želim da vam ispričam tri priče
00:15
about the power of relationships
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o moći odnosa
u rešavanju dubokih i kompleksnih
socijalnih problema ovog veka.
socijalnih problema ovog veka.
00:17
to solve the deep and complex
social problems of this century.
social problems of this century.
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00:22
You know, sometimes it seems
like all these problems
like all these problems
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Znate, nekada se čini
kao da su svi ti problemi
kao da su svi ti problemi
00:24
of poverty, inequality, ill health,
unemployment, violence, addiction --
unemployment, violence, addiction --
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siromaštva, nejednakosti, lošeg zdravlja,
nezaposlenosti, nasilja, zavisnosti -
nezaposlenosti, nasilja, zavisnosti -
00:29
they're right there in one person's life.
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nalaze baš tamo u životu osobe.
00:32
So I want to tell you about someone
like this that I know.
like this that I know.
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Stoga želim da vam govorim
o nekome ovakvom koga poznajem.
o nekome ovakvom koga poznajem.
00:36
I'm going to call her Ella.
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Zvaću je Ela.
00:38
Ella lives in a British city
on a run down estate.
on a run down estate.
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Ela živi u britanskom gradu
na zapuštenom posedu.
na zapuštenom posedu.
00:42
The shops are closed, the pub's gone,
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Prodavnice su zatvorene, kafana propala,
igralište je prilično zapušteno
i nikada se ne koristi,
i nikada se ne koristi,
00:44
the playground's pretty desolate
and never used,
and never used,
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00:46
and inside Ella's house,
the tension is palpable
the tension is palpable
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a unutar Eline kuće,
napetost je opipljiva,
napetost je opipljiva,
00:49
and the noise levels are deafening.
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a nivo buke je zaglušujući.
00:51
The TV's on at full volume.
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TV je pojačan do kraja.
Jedan od njenih sinova se tuče
sa jednom od njenih ćerki.
sa jednom od njenih ćerki.
00:53
One of her sons is fighting
with one of her daughters.
with one of her daughters.
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00:55
Another son, Ryan, is keeping up this
constant stream of abuse from the kitchen,
constant stream of abuse from the kitchen,
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Drugi sin, Rajan, nastavlja
konstantan tok zlostavljanja iz kuhinje,
konstantan tok zlostavljanja iz kuhinje,
a psi su zaključani
iza vrata spavaće sobe i napeti.
iza vrata spavaće sobe i napeti.
00:59
and the dogs are locked
behind the bedroom door and straining.
behind the bedroom door and straining.
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01:02
Ella is stuck.
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Ela je u škripcu.
01:04
She has lived with crisis for 40 years.
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Ona živi u krizi 40 godina.
01:07
She knows nothing else,
and she knows no way out.
and she knows no way out.
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Ne zna ni za šta drugo,
i ne zna za izlaz iz toga.
i ne zna za izlaz iz toga.
01:11
She's had a whole series
of abusive partners,
of abusive partners,
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Imala je čitav niz
nasilnih partnera
nasilnih partnera
01:13
and, tragically, one of her children has
been taken into care by social services.
been taken into care by social services.
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i što je tragično, jedno od njene dece
je zbrinula socijalna služba.
je zbrinula socijalna služba.
01:18
The three children
that still live with her
that still live with her
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Troje dece koja i dalje žive sa njom
01:20
suffer from a whole range of problems,
and none of them are in education.
and none of them are in education.
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pate od čitavog niza problema
i nijedno nije u sistemu obrazovanja.
i nijedno nije u sistemu obrazovanja.
01:23
And Ella says to me that she
is repeating the cycle
is repeating the cycle
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Ela mi kaže da ona ponavlja ciklus
01:26
of her own mother's life before her.
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života njene majke pre nje.
01:29
But when I met Ella,
there were 73 different services
there were 73 different services
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Međutim, kada sam upoznala Elu,
postojale su 73 različite usluge
postojale su 73 različite usluge
01:32
on offer for her and her family
in the city where she lives,
in the city where she lives,
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u ponudi za nju i njenu porodicu
u gradu u kome živi,
u gradu u kome živi,
01:36
73 different services
run out of 24 departments in one city,
run out of 24 departments in one city,
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73 različite usluge koje sprovodi
24 odeljenja u jednom gradu,
24 odeljenja u jednom gradu,
01:40
and Ella and her partners and her children
were known to most of them.
were known to most of them.
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a Ela, njeni partneri i deca
bili su poznati većini njih.
bili su poznati većini njih.
Za njih je uobičajena stvar
pozvati socijalnu službu
pozvati socijalnu službu
01:43
They think nothing of calling
social services
social services
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radi pokušaja posredovanja
u jednom od mnogih nastalih rasprava.
u jednom od mnogih nastalih rasprava.
01:45
to try and mediate one of the many
arguments that broke out.
arguments that broke out.
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Porodičnu kuću redovno posećuju
socijalni radnici,
socijalni radnici,
01:48
And the family home was visited
on a regular basis by social workers,
on a regular basis by social workers,
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omladinski radnici, zdravstveni radnik,
službenik za pitanje stanovanja,
službenik za pitanje stanovanja,
01:52
youth workers, a health officer,
a housing officer, a home tutor
a housing officer, a home tutor
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privatni učitelj i lokalni policajac.
01:56
and the local policemen.
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Vlada kaže da postoji 100 000 porodica
01:58
And the governments say
that there are 100,000 families
that there are 100,000 families
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02:01
in Britain today like Ella's,
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poput Eline u Britaniji danas,
koje se bore da prekinu ciklus lišavanja
u smislu ekonomije, društva i okoline.
u smislu ekonomije, društva i okoline.
02:03
struggling to break the cycle of economic,
social and environmental deprivation.
social and environmental deprivation.
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Takođe kažu i da rukovođenje
ovim problemom
ovim problemom
02:09
And they also say
that managing this problem
that managing this problem
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košta četvrt miliona funti
godišnje po porodici,
godišnje po porodici,
02:11
costs a quarter of a million pounds
per family per year
per family per year
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a ipak, ništa se ne menja.
02:14
and yet nothing changes.
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02:15
None of these well-meaning visitors
are making a difference.
are making a difference.
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Nijedan od tih dobronamernih posetilaca
ne donosi promenu.
ne donosi promenu.
Ovo je tabela koju smo napravili
u istom gradu
u istom gradu
02:18
This is a chart we made in the same city
with another family like Ella's.
with another family like Ella's.
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sa drugom porodicom poput Eline.
02:23
This shows 30 years of intervention
in that family's life.
in that family's life.
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Ovo pokazuje 30 godina intervencija
u životu te porodice.
u životu te porodice.
Kao i kod Ele,
02:26
And just as with Ella, not one of these
interventions is part of an overall plan.
interventions is part of an overall plan.
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nijedna od tih intervencija
nije deo obuhvatnog plana.
nije deo obuhvatnog plana.
Nema krajnjeg cilja na vidiku.
02:30
There's no end goal in sight.
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Nijedna od intervencija se ne bavi
problemima koji se nalaze u osnovi.
problemima koji se nalaze u osnovi.
02:32
None of the interventions
are dealing with the underlying issues.
are dealing with the underlying issues.
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02:35
These are just containment measures,
ways of managing a problem.
ways of managing a problem.
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To su samo mere suzbijanja,
načini upravljanja problemom.
načini upravljanja problemom.
02:38
One of the policemen says to me,
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Jedan od policajaca mi kaže:
„Vidite, ja samo dostavim poruku
i onda idem.“
i onda idem.“
02:40
"Look, I just deliver the message
and then I leave."
and then I leave."
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02:42
So, I've spent time living
with families like Ella's
with families like Ella's
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Provela sam vreme živeći
sa porodicama poput Eline
sa porodicama poput Eline
02:45
in different parts of the world,
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u različitim delovima sveta,
jer želim da znam šta možemo da naučimo
02:46
because I want to know: what can we learn
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02:49
from places where our social institutions
just aren't working?
just aren't working?
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iz mesta gde naše socijalne institucije
jednostavno ne funkcionišu.
jednostavno ne funkcionišu.
02:52
I want to know what it feels like
to live in Ella's family.
to live in Ella's family.
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Želim da znam kako izgleda
živeti u Elinoj porodici.
živeti u Elinoj porodici.
02:55
I want to know what's going on
and what we can do differently.
and what we can do differently.
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Želim da znam šta se dešava
i šta možemo da uradimo drugačije.
i šta možemo da uradimo drugačije.
02:59
Well, the first thing I learned
is that cost is a really slippery concept.
is that cost is a really slippery concept.
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Pa, prva stvar koju sam saznala
je da je trošak zaista nezgodan koncept,
je da je trošak zaista nezgodan koncept,
03:03
Because when the government says
that a family like Ella's
that a family like Ella's
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jer kada vlada kaže
da porodice poput Eline
da porodice poput Eline
koštaju četvt miliona funti godišnje
da bi se nadgledale,
da bi se nadgledale,
03:06
costs a quarter of a million pounds
a year to manage,
a year to manage,
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ono što to zaista znači
03:09
what it really means
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03:10
is that this system costs
a quarter of a million pounds a year.
a quarter of a million pounds a year.
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je da ovaj sistem košta
četvrt miliona funti godišnje,
četvrt miliona funti godišnje,
zato što nijedan peni od tog novca
zapravo ne doseže do Eline porodice
zapravo ne doseže do Eline porodice
03:13
Because not one penny of this money
actually touches Ella's family
actually touches Ella's family
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na način koji je od značaja.
03:16
in a way that makes a difference.
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Umesto toga, sistem je
baš kao skupi žiroskop
baš kao skupi žiroskop
03:17
Instead, the system is just
like this costly gyroscope
like this costly gyroscope
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koji se obrće oko porodica,
drži ih zaglavljene u svom središtu,
drži ih zaglavljene u svom središtu,
03:20
that spins around the families,
keeping them stuck at its heart,
keeping them stuck at its heart,
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baš tamo gde se nalaze.
03:23
exactly where they are.
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Takođe sam provodila vreme
sa radnicima iz prvih redova,
sa radnicima iz prvih redova,
03:25
And I also spent time
with the frontline workers,
with the frontline workers,
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03:27
and I learned that it
is an impossible situation.
is an impossible situation.
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i saznala sam
da je to nemoguća situacija.
da je to nemoguća situacija.
03:30
So Tom, who is the social worker
for Ella's 14-year-old son Ryan,
for Ella's 14-year-old son Ryan,
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Tako Tom, koji je socijalni radnik
Elinog 14-ogodišnjeg sina Rajana,
Elinog 14-ogodišnjeg sina Rajana,
03:35
has to spend 86 percent of his time
servicing the system:
servicing the system:
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mora da provede 86 posto
svog vremena u službi sistema:
svog vremena u službi sistema:
sastanci sa kolegama,
popunjavanje obrazaca,
popunjavanje obrazaca,
03:38
meetings with colleagues,
filling out forms,
filling out forms,
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još sastanaka sa kolegama
radi diskusije o obrascima,
radi diskusije o obrascima,
03:41
more meetings with colleagues
to discuss the forms,
to discuss the forms,
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a možda najšokantnije,
03:43
and maybe most shockingly,
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14 posto vremena koje on mora
da provede sa Rajanom
da provede sa Rajanom
03:44
the 14 percent of the time
he has to be with Ryan
he has to be with Ryan
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provedeno je u pribavljanju podataka
i informacija za sistem.
i informacija za sistem.
03:47
is spent getting data
and information for the system.
and information for the system.
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Tako, on govori Rajanu:
03:49
So he says to Ryan,
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03:51
"How often have you been smoking?
Have you been drinking?
Have you been drinking?
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„Koliko često pušiš? Jesi li pio?
Kada si išao u školu?“,
Kada si išao u školu?“,
03:53
When did you go to school?"
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a ovakva vrsta interakcije
isključuje mogućnost
isključuje mogućnost
03:55
And this kind of interaction
rules out the possibility
rules out the possibility
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normalnog razgovora.
03:57
of a normal conversation.
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Isključuje mogućnost onoga što je potrebno
03:58
It rules out the possibility
of what's needed
of what's needed
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da bi se izgradio odnos
između Toma i Rajana.
između Toma i Rajana.
04:01
to build a relationship
between Tom and Ryan.
between Tom and Ryan.
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Kada smo napravili ovaj grafikon,
04:04
When we made this chart,
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radnici iz prvih redova, profesionalci -
04:06
the frontline workers,
the professionals --
the professionals --
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zurili su u njega potpuno zapanjeni.
04:08
they stared at it absolutely amazed.
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04:10
It snaked around the walls
of their offices.
of their offices.
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Vukao se po njihovim kancelarijama.
Toliko mnogo sati, sa tako dobrom voljom,
ali na kraju tako uzaludno.
ali na kraju tako uzaludno.
04:12
So many hours, so well meant,
but ultimately so futile.
but ultimately so futile.
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Nastao je momenat apsolutnog raspada,
04:18
And there was this moment
of absolute breakdown,
of absolute breakdown,
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04:22
and then of clarity:
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a zatim jasnoće -
04:24
we had to work in a different way.
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moramo da radimo na drugi način.
Tako su se zaista hrabrim korakom,
predvodnici grada u kome Ela živi
predvodnici grada u kome Ela živi
04:27
So in a really brave step,
the leaders of the city where Ella lives
the leaders of the city where Ella lives
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složili da možemo otpočeti
promenom srazmere vremena sa Rajanom.
promenom srazmere vremena sa Rajanom.
04:30
agreed that we could start
by reversing Ryan's ratio.
by reversing Ryan's ratio.
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04:33
So everyone who came into contact
with Ella or a family like Ella's
with Ella or a family like Ella's
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Dakle, svi koji su došli u kontakt
sa Elom ili porodicom poput Eline
sa Elom ili porodicom poput Eline
04:36
would spend 80 percent of their time
working with the families
working with the families
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proveli bi 80 posto svog vremena
radeći sa porodicama
radeći sa porodicama
04:39
and only 20 percent servicing the system.
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i samo 20 posto u službi sistema.
04:42
And even more radically,
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Čak i drastičnije,
04:44
the families would lead
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porodice bi predvodile
04:45
and they would decide who
was in a best position to help them.
was in a best position to help them.
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i one bi odlučivale o tome
ko je u najboljoj poziciji da im pomogne.
ko je u najboljoj poziciji da im pomogne.
04:48
So Ella and another mother were asked
to be part of an interview panel,
to be part of an interview panel,
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Od Ele i još jedne majke je zatraženo
da budu deo odbora za ispitivanje,
da budu deo odbora za ispitivanje,
04:52
to choose from amongst
the existing professionals
the existing professionals
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da odaberu među postojećim profesionalcima
ko bi radio sa njima.
04:54
who would work with them.
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I mnogi, mnogi ljudi
su želeli da nam se pridruže,
su želeli da nam se pridruže,
04:56
And many, many people wanted to join us,
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04:58
because you don't go into this kind
of work to manage a system,
of work to manage a system,
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jer ne odlazite u ovakav posao
da biste se bavili sistemom;
da biste se bavili sistemom;
ulazite jer možete i želite
da donesete promenu.
da donesete promenu.
05:01
you go in because you can
and you want to make a difference.
and you want to make a difference.
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05:04
So Ella and the mother asked
everybody who came through the door,
everybody who came through the door,
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Ela i ta majka su upitale
svakoga ko je prošao kroz vrata:
svakoga ko je prošao kroz vrata:
„Šta ćete uraditi kada moj sin
počne da me šutira?“
počne da me šutira?“
05:07
"What will you do when my son
starts kicking me?"
starts kicking me?"
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Prva osoba koja je ušla kaže:
05:10
And so the first person who comes in says,
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„Pa, potražiću unaokolo najbliži izlaz
05:12
"Well, I'll look around
for the nearest exit
for the nearest exit
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i povući ću se veoma polako,
05:15
and I will back out very slowly,
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a ako se buka nastavi,
pozvaću svog nadređenog.“
pozvaću svog nadređenog.“
05:17
and if the noise is still going on,
I'll call my supervisor."
I'll call my supervisor."
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A majke krenu:
„Ti si sistem. Izlazi odavde!“
„Ti si sistem. Izlazi odavde!“
05:21
And the mothers go,
"You're the system. Get out of here!"
"You're the system. Get out of here!"
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Zatim, sledeća osoba koja ulazi
je policajac i on kaže:
je policajac i on kaže:
05:23
And then the next person who comes
is a policeman, and he says,
is a policeman, and he says,
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„Pa, oboriću vašeg sina na zemlju
i onda nisam siguran šta ću“,
i onda nisam siguran šta ću“,
05:26
"Well, I'll tackle your son to the ground
and then I'm not sure what I'll do."
and then I'm not sure what I'll do."
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a majke kažu: „Hvala.“
05:30
And the mothers say, "Thank you."
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Dakle, odabrale su
profesionalca koji je priznao
profesionalca koji je priznao
05:32
So, they chose professionals who confessed
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05:34
they didn't necessarily have the answers,
115
322947
1970
da nema nužno sve odgovore,
koji je rekao -
koji je rekao -
05:36
who said -- well, they weren't
going to talk in jargon.
going to talk in jargon.
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pa, nisu hteli da pričaju žargonski.
Pokazali su svoje ljudske kvalitete
i ubedili majke
i ubedili majke
05:40
They showed their human qualities
and convinced the mothers
and convinced the mothers
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da će ostati sa njima u dobru i u zlu,
iako neće biti blagi prema njima.
iako neće biti blagi prema njima.
05:43
that they would stick with them
through thick and thin,
through thick and thin,
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2613
05:46
even though they wouldn't
be soft with them.
be soft with them.
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Ovi novi timovi i porodice
05:48
So these new teams and the families
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1692
zatim su dobili delić pređašnjeg budžeta,
05:49
were then given a sliver
of the former budget,
of the former budget,
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2159
ali mogli su da potroše novac
na bilo koji način da odaberu.
na bilo koji način da odaberu.
05:52
but they could spend the money
in any way they chose.
in any way they chose.
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Tako je jedna od porodica
otišla na večeru.
otišla na večeru.
05:54
And so one of the families
went out for supper.
went out for supper.
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2235
Otišli su u Mekdonalds,
seli, pričali i slušali
seli, pričali i slušali
05:56
They went to McDonald's and they sat down
and they talked and they listened
and they talked and they listened
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po prvi put posle mnogo vremena.
06:00
for the first time in a long time.
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2060
Druga porodica je pitala tim
06:02
Another family asked the team
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1590
06:04
if they would help them do up their home.
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3042
da li bi im pomogli da doteraju svoj dom,
06:07
And one mother took the money
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1507
a jedna majka je uzela novac
06:08
and she used it as a float
to start a social enterprise.
to start a social enterprise.
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i iskoristila ga kao ulog
da započne društveno preduzeće.
da započne društveno preduzeće.
06:12
And in a really short space of time,
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2449
I za vrlo kratko vreme,
06:14
something new started to grow:
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2409
nešto novo je počelo da nastaje -
06:17
a relationship between the team
and the workers.
and the workers.
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2898
odnos između tima i radnika.
06:20
And then some remarkable
changes took place.
changes took place.
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2917
Potom su se odigrale
neke izuzetne promene.
neke izuzetne promene.
06:23
Maybe it's not surprising
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Možda ne iznenađuje
da je putovanje za Elu obuhvatalo
neke velike korake unazad, kao i unapred.
neke velike korake unazad, kao i unapred.
06:24
that the journey for Ella has had
some big steps backwards
some big steps backwards
135
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2734
06:27
as well as forwards.
136
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1161
Međutim, danas, ona je završila
kurs obuke informacionih tehnologija,
kurs obuke informacionih tehnologija,
06:28
But today, she's completed
an IT training course,
an IT training course,
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06:31
she has her first paid job,
her children are back in school,
her children are back in school,
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ima svoj prvi plaćeni posao,
njena deca su ponovo u školi,
njena deca su ponovo u školi,
06:34
and the neighbors,
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1151
a komšije, koje su se prethodno nadale
06:35
who previously just hoped this family
would be moved anywhere
would be moved anywhere
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2909
da će se ta porodica preseliti
bilo gde osim pored njih,
bilo gde osim pored njih,
06:38
except next door to them,
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1206
06:40
are fine.
142
388030
1151
su u redu.
06:41
They've made some new friendships.
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2100
Stekli su neka nova prijateljstva.
06:43
And all the same people have been
involved in this transformation --
involved in this transformation --
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A potpuno isti ljudi su bili uključeni
u ovoj tranformaciji -
u ovoj tranformaciji -
iste porodice, isti radnici.
06:47
same families, same workers.
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2606
Odnos između njih, međutim,
imao je podršku da se promeni.
imao je podršku da se promeni.
06:49
But the relationship between them
has been supported to change.
has been supported to change.
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3907
06:54
So I'm telling you about Ella
because I think that relationships
because I think that relationships
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Dakle, govorim vam o Eli
jer mislim da je odnos
jer mislim da je odnos
06:57
are the critical resource we have
148
405661
1937
odlučujuće sredstvo koje imamo
u rešavanju nekih od ovih
upornih problema.
upornih problema.
06:59
in solving some of these
intractable problems.
intractable problems.
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2378
Ipak, danas, naši odnosi
su sve sem otpisani
su sve sem otpisani
07:02
But today, our relationships
are all but written off
are all but written off
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410024
2722
zbog naše politike,
naših socijalnih strategija,
naših socijalnih strategija,
07:04
by our politics, our social policies,
our welfare institutions.
our welfare institutions.
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3868
naših institucija socijalne pomoći.
07:08
And I've learned that this
really has to change.
really has to change.
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Saznala sam da to zaista mora
da se promeni.
da se promeni.
07:12
So what do I mean by relationships?
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420002
1950
Dakle, šta podrazumevam pod odnosom?
07:14
I'm talking about the simple
human bonds between us,
human bonds between us,
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3004
Govorim o jednostavnim ljudskim sponama
između nas, autentičnom osećaju
između nas, autentičnom osećaju
07:17
a kind of authentic sense
of connection, of belonging,
of connection, of belonging,
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425439
2536
povezanosti, pripadanja,
sponama koje nas usrećuju,
koje nam pomažu da se promenimo,
koje nam pomažu da se promenimo,
07:19
the bonds that make us happy,
that support us to change,
that support us to change,
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2684
07:22
to be brave like Ella
and try something new.
and try something new.
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2804
da budemo hrabri kao Ela
i pokušamo nešto novo.
i pokušamo nešto novo.
07:25
And, you know, it's no accident
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433535
1920
Znate, nije slučajnost
07:27
that those who run and work
in the institutions
in the institutions
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435479
2539
to što oni koji vode institucije
i rade u njima,
i rade u njima,
07:30
that are supposed to support
Ella and her family
Ella and her family
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2258
a koji treba da podrže
Elu i njenu porodicu,
Elu i njenu porodicu,
ne govore o odnosu,
07:32
don't talk about relationships,
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1514
07:33
because relationships are expressly
designed out of a welfare model
designed out of a welfare model
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4072
jer odnos je izričito izbačen
iz modela socijalne zaštite
iz modela socijalne zaštite
07:37
that was drawn up in Britain
and exported around the world.
and exported around the world.
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koji je sačinjen u Britaniji
i izvezen širom sveta.
i izvezen širom sveta.
07:41
The contemporaries of William Beveridge,
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1933
Savremenici Vilijema Beveridža,
koji je bio tvorac
prve države blagostanja
prve države blagostanja
07:43
who was the architect
of the first welfare state
of the first welfare state
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2258
i autor „Beveridžovog izveštaja“,
07:45
and the author of the Beveridge Report,
166
453679
1920
nisu imali poverenja
u ono što su nazivali
u ono što su nazivali
07:47
had little faith in what they called
the average sensual or emotional man.
the average sensual or emotional man.
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prosečnim senzualnim
ili emocionalnim čovekom.
ili emocionalnim čovekom.
07:51
Instead, they trusted this idea
of the impersonal system
of the impersonal system
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3444
Umesto toga, verovali su
u ideju bezličnog sistema
u ideju bezličnog sistema
07:54
and the bureaucrat who would be detached
and work in this system.
and work in this system.
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4361
i birokrate koji bi bio odvojen
i radio u tom sistemu.
i radio u tom sistemu.
07:58
And the impact of Beveridge
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2115
A uticaj Beveridža
na način na koji moderna država
sagledava socijalna pitanja
sagledava socijalna pitanja
08:01
on the way the modern state
sees social issues
sees social issues
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08:03
just can't be underestimated.
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2059
jednostavno se ne može potceniti.
Izveštaj Beveridž je prodat
u preko 100 000 primeraka
u preko 100 000 primeraka
08:05
The Beveridge Report
sold over 100,000 copies
sold over 100,000 copies
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3176
samo prve nedelje od objavljivanja.
08:08
in the first weeks of publication alone.
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2329
Ljudi su u redovima čekali na kiši
u novembru da se domognu svog primerka
u novembru da se domognu svog primerka
08:11
People queued in the rain
on a November night to get hold of a copy,
on a November night to get hold of a copy,
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479041
3209
i čitao se širom zemlje, kolonija, Evrope,
08:14
and it was read across the country,
across the colonies, across Europe,
across the colonies, across Europe,
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3366
širom Sjedinjenih Američkih Država
08:17
across the United States of America,
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1741
i imao je ogroman uticaj
08:19
and it had this huge impact
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1772
na način na koji su države blagostanja
osnivane širom zemljine kugle.
osnivane širom zemljine kugle.
08:21
on the way that welfare states
were designed around the globe.
were designed around the globe.
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3597
08:24
The cultures, the bureaucracies,
the institutions -- they are global,
the institutions -- they are global,
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5061
Kulture, birokratije, institucije -
one su globalne
one su globalne
i počele su da deluju zdravorazumski.
08:29
and they've come to seem
like common sense.
like common sense.
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2020
Postale su tako ukorenjene u nama,
08:31
They've become so ingrained in us,
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2084
da ih zapravo više i ne primećujemo.
08:34
that actually we don't even
see them anymore.
see them anymore.
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2247
08:36
And I think it's really important to say
that in the 20th century,
that in the 20th century,
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3119
Mislim da je zaista važno reći
da su u 20. veku
da su u 20. veku
te institucije bile izuzetno uspešne.
08:39
they were remarkably successful,
these institutions.
these institutions.
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2637
Dovele su do dužeg životnog veka,
iskorenjivanja masovnih oboljenja,
iskorenjivanja masovnih oboljenja,
08:42
They led to longer lifespans,
the eradication of mass disease,
the eradication of mass disease,
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3431
masovnog obezbeđivanja stanova,
skoro univerzalnog obrazovanja.
skoro univerzalnog obrazovanja.
08:46
mass housing, almost universal education.
187
514115
2991
08:49
But at the same time,
188
517999
1976
Ipak, istovremeno,
08:51
Beveridge sowed the seeds
of today's challenges.
of today's challenges.
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519999
3432
Beveridž je posejao seme
današnjih izazova.
današnjih izazova.
Dozvolite da vam ispričam drugu priču.
08:55
So let me tell you a second story.
190
523999
1764
08:57
What do you think today is a bigger killer
than a lifetime of smoking?
than a lifetime of smoking?
191
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5212
Šta mislite da je danas veći ubica
od celoživotnog pušenja?
od celoživotnog pušenja?
To je usamljenost.
09:05
It's loneliness.
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1608
09:07
According to government statistics,
one person over 60 -- one in three --
one person over 60 -- one in three --
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4916
Prema vladinim statističkim podacima,
jedna osoba preko 60 godina
- jedna od tri -
- jedna od tri -
ne govori sa drugom osobom
niti je viđa tokom nedelju dana.
niti je viđa tokom nedelju dana.
09:12
doesn't speak to or see
another person in a week.
another person in a week.
194
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3192
09:16
One person in 10, that's 850,000 people,
195
544666
3309
Jedna osoba od 10, to je 850 000 ljudi,
09:19
doesn't speak to anyone else in a month.
196
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2335
ne govori ni sa kim u toku jednog meseca.
09:22
And we're not the only people
with this problem;
with this problem;
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A mi nismo jedini sa ovim problemom:
ovaj problem se tiče celog zapadnog sveta.
09:25
this problem touches the whole
of the Western world.
of the Western world.
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2431
Čak je izraženiji u zemljama poput Kine,
09:27
And it's even more acute
in countries like China,
in countries like China,
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2298
gde je proces ubrzane urbanizacije,
masovne migracije, ostavio stare ljude
masovne migracije, ostavio stare ljude
09:29
where a process of rapid urbanization,
mass migration, has left older people
mass migration, has left older people
200
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3683
same u selima.
09:33
alone in the villages.
201
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1544
09:35
And so the services that Beveridge
designed and exported --
designed and exported --
202
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3821
Usluge koje je Beveridž
osmislio i izvezao -
osmislio i izvezao -
09:39
they can't address this kind of problem.
203
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2287
one se ne mogu primeniti
na takvom problemu.
na takvom problemu.
09:41
Loneliness is like a collective
relational challenge,
relational challenge,
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2610
Usamljenost je
poput kolektivnog izazova u odnosima
poput kolektivnog izazova u odnosima
09:44
and it can't be addressed
by a traditional bureaucratic response.
by a traditional bureaucratic response.
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3847
i ne može se njome baviti
tradicionalnim birokratskim odgovorima.
tradicionalnim birokratskim odgovorima.
Pre nekoliko godina,
želeći da razumem ovaj problem,
želeći da razumem ovaj problem,
09:48
So some years ago,
wanting to understand this problem,
wanting to understand this problem,
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2951
počela sam da radim sa grupom
od oko 60 starijih ljudi
od oko 60 starijih ljudi
09:51
I started to work with a group
of about 60 older people
of about 60 older people
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2873
u južnom Londonu, gde živim.
09:54
in South London, where I live.
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1821
09:56
I went shopping, I played bingo,
209
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2075
Išla sam u kupovinu, igrala sam bingo,
09:58
but mainly I was just
observing and listening.
observing and listening.
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2163
ali većinom sam samo posmatrala i slušala.
10:00
I wanted to know
what we could do differently.
what we could do differently.
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2545
Htela sam da znam
šta je to što možemo drugačije.
šta je to što možemo drugačije.
10:03
And if you ask them, people tell you
they want two things.
they want two things.
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2828
Ako ih upitate,
ljudi vam kažu da žele dve stvari.
ljudi vam kažu da žele dve stvari.
10:06
They want somebody to go up a ladder
and change a light bulb,
and change a light bulb,
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594689
2909
Žele nekog da se popne uz merdevine
i promeni sijalicu,
i promeni sijalicu,
10:09
or to be there when they
come out of hospital.
come out of hospital.
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2298
ili da bude uz njih kada izađu iz bolnice.
10:11
They want on-demand, practical support.
215
599944
2354
Oni žele praktičnu podršku na zahtev
10:14
And they want to have fun.
216
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1558
i žele da se zabave.
10:15
They want to go out, do interesting things
with like-minded people,
with like-minded people,
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603904
3218
Žele da izađu, da rade zanimljive stvari
sa istomišljenicima,
sa istomišljenicima,
i da stiču prijatelje
kao i svi mi u svakoj fazi našeg života.
kao i svi mi u svakoj fazi našeg života.
10:19
and make friends like we've all
made friends at every stage of our lives.
made friends at every stage of our lives.
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3720
Tako smo iznajmili telefonsku liniju,
unajmili par majstora
unajmili par majstora
10:23
So we rented a phone line,
hired a couple of handymen,
hired a couple of handymen,
219
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2729
10:26
and started a service we called "Circle."
220
614231
2337
i započeli uslugu koju smo nazvali „Krug“.
10:28
And Circle offers its local membership
a toll-free 0 800 number
a toll-free 0 800 number
221
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3821
„Krug“ nudi lokalnom članstvu
besplatan poziv na 0800 broj
besplatan poziv na 0800 broj
10:32
that they can call on demand
for any support.
for any support.
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2729
koji mogu da pozovu
i zatraže bilo kakvu pomoć.
i zatraže bilo kakvu pomoć.
10:35
And people have called us
for so many reasons.
for so many reasons.
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2169
Ljudi su nas zvali zbog toliko razloga.
Zvali su jer njihovim ljubimcima
nije dobro, DVD se pokvario,
nije dobro, DVD se pokvario,
10:37
They've called because
their pets are unwell,
their pets are unwell,
224
625383
2119
10:39
their DVD is broken, they've forgotten
how to use their mobile phone,
how to use their mobile phone,
225
627526
3274
zaboravili su kako da koriste
mobilni telefon,
mobilni telefon,
ili možda izlaze iz bolnice
10:42
or maybe they are coming out of hospital
226
630824
1925
i hoće da neko bude tu za njih.
10:44
and they want someone to be there.
227
632773
1653
„Krug“ takođe nudi
bogati društveni kalendar -
bogati društveni kalendar -
10:46
And Circle also offers
a rich social calendar --
a rich social calendar --
228
634450
3150
pletenje, pikado, obilasci muzeja,
vožnje balonom - samo kažite.
vožnje balonom - samo kažite.
10:49
knitting, darts, museum tours,
hot air ballooning -- you name it.
hot air ballooning -- you name it.
229
637624
4115
10:54
But here's the interesting thing,
the really deep change:
the really deep change:
230
642255
4395
A evo zanimljivosti,
zaista duboke promene -
zaista duboke promene -
10:58
over time, the friendships
that have formed
that have formed
231
646674
3211
vremenom su prijateljstva koja su nastala
11:01
have begun to replace the practical offer.
232
649909
2554
počela da zamenjuju stvarnu ponudu.
Dozvolite da vam govorim o Belindi.
11:04
So let me tell you about Belinda.
233
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1633
11:06
Belinda's a Circle member, and she was
going into hospital for a hip operation,
going into hospital for a hip operation,
234
654621
4236
Belinda je član „Kruga“
i išla je u bolnicu zbog operacije kuka,
i išla je u bolnicu zbog operacije kuka,
pa je pozvala svoj lokalni „Krug“
da kaže da je neće viđati neko vreme.
da kaže da je neće viđati neko vreme.
11:10
so she called her local Circle to say
they wouldn't see her for a bit.
they wouldn't see her for a bit.
235
658881
3984
11:14
And Damon, who runs the local Circle,
calls her back and says, "How can I help?"
calls her back and says, "How can I help?"
236
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3800
Dejmon, koji vodi lokalni „Krug“,
nazove je i pita: „Kako mogu da pomognem?“
nazove je i pita: „Kako mogu da pomognem?“
11:18
And Belinda says, "Oh no, I'm fine --
237
666713
1911
Belinda kaže: „O, neka, dobro sam -
Džoslin ide u kupovinu,
Toni će se pobrinuti za baštu,
Toni će se pobrinuti za baštu,
11:20
Jocelyn is doing the shopping,
Tony's doing the gardening,
Tony's doing the gardening,
238
668648
2793
Melisa i Džo će dolaziti
da kuvaju i ćaskaju.“
da kuvaju i ćaskaju.“
11:23
Melissa and Joe are going
to come in and cook and chat."
to come in and cook and chat."
239
671465
2697
Dakle, pet članova „Kruga“ se organizovalo
11:26
So five Circle members
had organized themselves
had organized themselves
240
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3007
da se staraju o Belindi.
11:29
to take care of Belinda.
241
677217
1904
11:32
And Belinda's 80, although she says
that she feels 25 inside,
that she feels 25 inside,
242
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Belinda ima 80 godina, mada kaže
da se iznutra oseća kao da ima 25,
da se iznutra oseća kao da ima 25,
11:35
but she also says
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ali takođe kaže
11:37
that she felt stuck and pretty down
when she joined Circle.
when she joined Circle.
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da se osećala zaglavljeno i prilično loše
kada se priključila „Krugu“.
kada se priključila „Krugu“.
Međutim, jednostavan čin podstrekivanja
da dođe na to prvo dešavanje
da dođe na to prvo dešavanje
11:41
But the simple act of encouraging her
to come along to that first event
to come along to that first event
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11:45
led to a process where
natural friendships formed,
natural friendships formed,
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doveo je do procesa
u kome su nastala prirodna prijateljstva,
u kome su nastala prirodna prijateljstva,
11:48
friendships that today are replacing
the need for expensive services.
the need for expensive services.
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prijateljstva koja danas zamenjuju
potrebu za skupim uslugama.
potrebu za skupim uslugama.
Odnosi su ti koji znače.
11:53
It's relationships
that are making the difference.
that are making the difference.
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11:57
So I think that three factors
have converged
have converged
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Mislim da su se približila tri faktora
12:00
that enable us to put relationships
at the heart and center
at the heart and center
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koja nam omogućavaju
da stavimo odnose u jezgro i središte
da stavimo odnose u jezgro i središte
12:03
of how we solve social problems today.
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načina na koji danas rešavamo
socijalne probleme.
socijalne probleme.
12:06
Firstly, the nature of the problems --
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Prvo - priroda problema -
12:08
they've changed, and they require
different solutions.
different solutions.
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promenili su se
i zahtevaju drugačija rešenja.
i zahtevaju drugačija rešenja.
12:11
Secondly, the cost, human as much
as financial, of doing business as usual.
as financial, of doing business as usual.
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Drugo, trošak, ljudski kao i finansijski,
obavljanja posla kao i obično.
obavljanja posla kao i obično.
12:15
And thirdly, technology.
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I treće, tehnologija.
12:18
I've talked about the first two factors.
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Govorila sam o prva dva faktora.
12:20
It's technology that enables
these approaches to scale
these approaches to scale
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Tehnologija je ta koja omogućava
ovim pristupima da odrede meru
ovim pristupima da odrede meru
12:23
and potentially now support
thousands of people.
thousands of people.
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i da sada potencijalno podrže
hiljade ljudi.
hiljade ljudi.
Tehnologija koju smo koristili
je vrlo jednostavna,
je vrlo jednostavna,
12:26
So the technology we've used
is really simple,
is really simple,
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12:29
it's made up of available things
like databases, mobile phones.
like databases, mobile phones.
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sastoji se od dostupnih stvari
poput baza podataka, mobilnih telefona.
poput baza podataka, mobilnih telefona.
12:32
Circle has got this very simple
system that underpins it,
system that underpins it,
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„Krug“ ima veoma jednostavan sistem
koji ga podupire,
koji ga podupire,
omogućava malom lokalnom timu
da podrži i do hiljadu članova.
da podrži i do hiljadu članova.
12:35
enables a small local team to support
a membership of up to a thousand.
a membership of up to a thousand.
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12:39
And you can contrast this
with a neighborhood organization
with a neighborhood organization
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Možete ovo uporediti
sa susedskom organizacijom iz 1970-ih,
sa susedskom organizacijom iz 1970-ih,
12:42
of the 1970s,
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kada ovakve razmere nisu bile moguće,
kao ni kvalitet ni dugotrajnost
kao ni kvalitet ni dugotrajnost
12:43
when this kind of scale
just wasn't possible,
just wasn't possible,
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12:45
neither was the quality or the longevity
that the spine of technology can provide.
that the spine of technology can provide.
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koju može da pruži
tehnologija kao oslonac.
tehnologija kao oslonac.
12:49
So it's relationships
underpinned by technology
underpinned by technology
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Dakle, odnos poduprt tehnologijom
12:52
that can turn the Beveridge
models on their heads.
models on their heads.
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je ono što može da preokrene
Beveridžove modele.
Beveridžove modele.
12:55
The Beveridge models are all
about institutions with finite resources,
about institutions with finite resources,
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Beveridžovi modeli su vezani
za institucije i ograničene resurse,
za institucije i ograničene resurse,
12:59
anonymously managing access.
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anonimno upravljajući pristupom.
13:01
In my work at the front line,
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U svom radu u prvim redovima,
13:03
I've seen again and again how
up to 80 percent of resource
up to 80 percent of resource
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iznova i iznova sam viđala
kako je i do 80 posto sredstava
kako je i do 80 posto sredstava
13:07
is spent keeping people out.
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potrošeno da bi se ljudi držali izvan.
Tako profesionalci moraju da primenjuju
13:09
So professionals have to administer
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13:10
these increasingly complex forms
of administration
of administration
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sve kompleksnije oblike administracije,
koji se u suštini svode
na sprečavanje ljudi da pristupe usluzi
na sprečavanje ljudi da pristupe usluzi
13:13
that are basically about stopping people
accessing the service
accessing the service
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13:16
or managing the queue.
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ili upravljanje redovima,
13:18
And Circle, like the relational services
that we and others have designed,
that we and others have designed,
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a „Krug“, kao relacione usluge
koje smo mi i drugi osmislili,
koje smo mi i drugi osmislili,
13:23
inverts this logic.
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preokreće ovu logiku.
13:24
What it says is, the more people,
the more relationships,
the more relationships,
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Ono što on kaže je -
što je više ljudi, što je više odnosa,
što je više ljudi, što je više odnosa,
13:28
the stronger the solution.
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utoliko je jače rešenje.
Želim da vam ispričam
svoju treću i poslednju priču,
svoju treću i poslednju priču,
13:31
So I want to tell you my third
and final story,
and final story,
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13:34
which is about unemployment.
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a ona je o nezaposlenosti.
13:37
In Britain, as in most places
in the world,
in the world,
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U Britaniji,
kao i u većini mesta na svetu,
kao i u većini mesta na svetu,
13:40
our welfare states were primarily designed
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naše države blagostanja
primarno su osmišljene
primarno su osmišljene
13:42
to get people into work,
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tako da dovedu ljude do posla,
13:45
to educate them for this,
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da ih obrazuju za to,
13:47
and to keep them healthy.
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i da ih održe zdravim.
13:49
But here, too, the systems are failing.
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Ipak, sistemi su ovde takođe neuspešni.
Odgovor je bio
13:51
And so the response has been
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da pokušamo da učinimo te stare sisteme
još efikasnijim i izvršnijim -
još efikasnijim i izvršnijim -
13:52
to try and make these old systems
even more efficient and transactional --
even more efficient and transactional --
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13:56
to speed up processing times, divide
people into ever-smaller categories,
people into ever-smaller categories,
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da ubrzamo vreme obrađivanja,
podelimo ljude u što manje kategorije,
podelimo ljude u što manje kategorije,
14:00
try and target services at them
more efficiently -- in other words,
more efficiently -- in other words,
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da pokušamo da efikasnije usmerimo
usluge na njih - drugim rečima,
usluge na njih - drugim rečima,
14:03
the very opposite of relational.
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sasvim suprotno relacionom.
14:07
But guess how most people find work today?
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A pogodite kako većina ljudi
nalazi posao danas?
nalazi posao danas?
Načuju od drugih.
14:11
Through word of mouth.
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14:13
It turns out that in Britain today,
most new jobs are not advertised.
most new jobs are not advertised.
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Ispostavlja se da se danas u Britaniji
većina novih poslova ne oglašava.
većina novih poslova ne oglašava.
14:18
So it's friends that tell you about a job,
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Dakle, prijatelji vam kažu za posao,
14:20
it's friends that recommend you for a job,
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prijatelji vas preporuče za posao,
14:22
and it's a rich and diverse social network
that helps you find work.
that helps you find work.
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a to je bogata raznovrsna društvena mreža
koja vam pomaže da pronađete posao.
koja vam pomaže da pronađete posao.
14:26
Maybe some of you here
this evening are thinking,
this evening are thinking,
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Možda neki od vas ovde misle:
„Ja sam našao posao preko oglasa“,
14:29
"But I found my job through an advert,"
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ali ako se prisetite,
verovatno vam je prijatelj pokazao oglas
verovatno vam je prijatelj pokazao oglas
14:31
but if you think back, it was probably
a friend that showed you the ad
a friend that showed you the ad
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i zatim vas podstakao da se prijavite.
14:34
and then encouraged you to apply.
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Nije iznenađujuće
14:35
But not surprisingly,
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da su ljudi kojima je možda najpotrebnija
bogata i raznovrsna mreža
bogata i raznovrsna mreža
14:37
people who perhaps most need
this rich and diverse network
this rich and diverse network
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14:40
are those who are most isolated from it.
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oni koji su najviše izolovani od nje.
Znajući za ovo,
14:43
So knowing this,
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a takođe znajući i za troškove
i neuspehe aktuelnog sistema,
i neuspehe aktuelnog sistema,
14:44
and also knowing about the costs
and failure of current systems,
and failure of current systems,
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osmislili smo nešto novo
sa odnosom u svom jezgru.
sa odnosom u svom jezgru.
14:47
we designed something new
with relationships at its heart.
with relationships at its heart.
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14:50
We designed a service
that encourages people to meet up,
that encourages people to meet up,
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Osmislili smo uslugu
koja podstiče ljude da se sastanu,
koja podstiče ljude da se sastanu,
14:56
people in and out of work,
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ljude sa i bez posla,
da rade zajedno na strukturisan način
14:57
to work together in structured ways
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14:59
and try new opportunities.
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i pokušaju sa novim prilikama.
15:02
And, well, it's very hard to compare
the results of these new systems
the results of these new systems
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I, pa, veoma je teško uporediti
rezultate ovih novih sistema
rezultate ovih novih sistema
15:06
with the old transactional models,
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sa starim transakcionim modelima,
ali izgleda da smo,
sa naših prvih 1000 članova,
sa naših prvih 1000 članova,
15:07
but it looks like,
with our first 1,000 members,
with our first 1,000 members,
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15:10
we outperformed existing services
by a factor of three,
by a factor of three,
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nadjačali postojeće usluge
u pogledu učinka za tri faktora,
u pogledu učinka za tri faktora,
15:13
at a fraction of the cost.
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za samo delić troškova.
15:15
And here, too, we've used technology,
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Ovde smo takođe koristili tehnologiju,
ali ne da bismo umrežili ljude na način
na koji bi to učinila društvena platforma.
na koji bi to učinila društvena platforma.
15:18
but not to network people in the way
that a social platform would do.
that a social platform would do.
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Koristili smo je da bismo približili ljude
licem u lice i povezali ih međusobno,
licem u lice i povezali ih međusobno,
15:21
We've used it to bring people face to face
and connect them with each other,
and connect them with each other,
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izgrađujući stvarne odnose
i podržavajući ljude u nalaženju posla.
i podržavajući ljude u nalaženju posla.
15:25
building real relationships
and supporting people to find work.
and supporting people to find work.
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15:30
At the end of his life, in 1948,
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Pred kraj svog života, 1948. godine,
Beveridž je napisao treći izveštaj.
15:33
Beveridge wrote a third report.
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15:35
And in it he said he had made
a dreadful mistake.
a dreadful mistake.
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U njemu je rekao
da je napravio strašnu grešku.
da je napravio strašnu grešku.
15:40
He had left people
and their communities out.
and their communities out.
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Izostavio je ljude i njihove zajednice,
15:45
And this omission, he said,
led to seeing people,
led to seeing people,
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a ovaj propust, rekao je,
doveo je do toga da se ljudi sagledavaju
doveo je do toga da se ljudi sagledavaju
15:49
and people starting to see themselves,
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i da ljudi počinju da vide same sebe
15:51
within the categories
of the bureaucracies and the institutions.
of the bureaucracies and the institutions.
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u okviru kategorija
birokratije i institucija,
birokratije i institucija,
15:55
And human relationships
were already withering.
were already withering.
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a ljudski odnosi su već propadali.
15:59
But unfortunately, this third report
was much less read
was much less read
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Nažalost, taj treći izveštaj
se mnogo manje čitao
se mnogo manje čitao
16:02
than Beveridge's earlier work.
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od ranijih dela Beveridža.
16:05
But today, we need to bring people
and their communities
and their communities
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No, danas, moramo da vratimo
ljude i njihove zajednice
ljude i njihove zajednice
16:09
back into the heart of the way
we design new systems and new services,
we design new systems and new services,
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u jezgro načina na koji osmišljavamo
nove sisteme i nove usluge,
nove sisteme i nove usluge,
kroz pristup koji nazivam
„relaciona socijalna zaštita“.
„relaciona socijalna zaštita“.
16:13
in an approach that I call
"Relational Welfare."
"Relational Welfare."
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16:16
We need to leave behind
these old, transactional,
these old, transactional,
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Moramo da ostavimo za nama
te stare, transakcione,
te stare, transakcione,
16:18
unsuitable, outdated models,
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neodgovarajuće, zastarele modele
16:20
and we need to adopt instead
the shared collective relational responses
the shared collective relational responses
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i moramo da umesto toga usvojimo
zajedničke kolektivne relacione odgovore
zajedničke kolektivne relacione odgovore
16:24
that can support a family like Ella's,
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koji mogu da podrže porodicu poput Eline,
koji mogu da se pozabave pitanjem
kao što je usamljenost,
kao što je usamljenost,
16:26
that can address an issue like loneliness,
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16:29
that can support people into work
and up the skills curve
and up the skills curve
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koji mogu da pomognu ljudima u zaposlenju
i usponu na krivulji veština
na savremenom tržištu rada,
na savremenom tržištu rada,
16:31
in a modern labor market,
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16:33
that can also address challenges
of education, of health care systems,
of education, of health care systems,
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koji mogu da se pozabave i izazovima
obrazovanja, sistema zdravstvene zaštite
obrazovanja, sistema zdravstvene zaštite
16:37
and so many more of those problems
that are pressing on our societies.
that are pressing on our societies.
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i tolikim drugim problemima
koji pritiskaju naše društvo.
koji pritiskaju naše društvo.
16:42
It is all about relationships.
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Sve je u odnosu.
16:45
Relationships are the critical
resource we have.
resource we have.
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Odnosi su ključni resurs koji imamo.
16:48
Thank you.
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Hvala.
(Aplauz)
16:49
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hilary Cottam - Innovator and social entrepreneurHilary Cottam wants to redesign the welfare state using the power of relationships.
Why you should listen
In its current functioning, based on the ideas first put forth in Britain by Sir William Beveridge in 1942 and then adopted around the world, the welfare state expressly designs out people’s capabilities and relationships, focusing instead on impersonal systems and rules. Sixty years on, the welfare state is failing its purpose and leaving people behind.
Hilary Cottam believes that a solution can be found in putting relationships squarely in the middle of it, and she has the examples and stories to prove it.
Cottam's recent award winning work includes: new systems to support an ageing population; a prison that reduces re-offending; new approaches to chronic disease and unemployment.
She has advised governments, companies and third sector organisations in the UK and internationally. She was educated at Oxford, Sussex and the Open University. She was awarded her PhD in 1999. She currently lives and works in London.
Hilary Cottam | Speaker | TED.com