Hilary Cottam: Social services are broken. How we can fix them
힐러리 코탐(Hilary Cottam): 망가진 사회적 서비스를 고치는 방법
Hilary Cottam wants to redesign the welfare state using the power of relationships. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
전하고자 합니다.
풀 수 있는 관계의 힘에 대한 겁니다.
social problems of this century.
like all these problems
unemployment, violence, addiction --
있는 것처럼 보이죠.
like this that I know.
누군가의 이야기를 하고자 합니다.
on a run down estate.
영국의 한 도시에 살고 있어요.
and never used,
the tension is palpable
with one of her daughters.
계속되는 학대에 노출되어 있어요.
constant stream of abuse from the kitchen,
behind the bedroom door and straining.
이런 위기속에 살고 있어요.
and she knows no way out.
of abusive partners,
been taken into care by social services.
사회 복지시스템에 뺏꼈죠.
that still live with her
and none of them are in education.
아이들 중 누구도 학교에 가지 않아요.
is repeating the cycle
세대를 지나 되풀이된다고 말했어요.
또한 가졌던 문제였죠.
there were 73 different services
서로 다른 73개의 서비스를 받았어요.
in the city where she lives,
그녀와 가족들은 서비스를 받았어요.
run out of 24 departments in one city,
서로 다른 73개서비스를 제공해요.
were known to most of them.
그 서비스의 대부분을 알고 있죠.
아무런 도움이 되지 않는다고 느끼죠.
social services
arguments that broke out.
on a regular basis by social workers,
사람들은 사회복지사,
a housing officer, a home tutor
주택 관리사, 가정교사,
that there are 100,000 families
10만 가구 정도가
social and environmental deprivation.
끊어내기 위해 노력하고 있다고 해요.
that managing this problem
per family per year
25만 파운드가 필요하죠.
are making a difference.
아무 변화를 내지 못합니다.
with another family like Ella's.
처지의 가정에 대한 것입니다.
in that family's life.
interventions is part of an overall plan.
포괄적인 것이 아니에요.
are dealing with the underlying issues.
문제들을 다루지 않습니다.
ways of managing a problem.
다루는 방법일 뿐이죠.
and then I leave."
갈 뿐입니다." 라고 했습니다.
with families like Ella's
즉, 세상의 다른 부분에 있는
just aren't working?
않는지 알고 싶었어요.
to live in Ella's family.
사는게 어떤 것인지 알고 싶었습니다.
and what we can do differently.
가능한지 알고 싶었죠.
is that cost is a really slippery concept.
참, 애매하다는 겁니다.
that a family like Ella's
가정에 대해서 말할 때,
a year to manage,
25만파운드가 필요하다고 했어요.
a quarter of a million pounds a year.
25만 파운드가 필요하다는 거예요.
actually touches Ella's family
직접 얻는 돈은 하나도 없죠.
다른 방법이 있어요.
like this costly gyroscope
현재의 체계가 아닌 방법 말이죠.
keeping them stuck at its heart,
with the frontline workers,
사람들과 시간을 보냈어요.
is an impossible situation.
곳이라는 것을 배웠죠.
for Ella's 14-year-old son Ryan,
사회복지사 톰은
servicing the system:
체계를 위해 사용해요.
filling out forms,
to discuss the forms,
다시 동료들과 논의하죠.
he has to be with Ryan
나머지 14%의 시간 또한
and information for the system.
모으는데 사용한다는 거예요.
Have you been drinking?
"술을 마신 적 있니?"
rules out the possibility
of what's needed
between Tom and Ryan.
the professionals --
of their offices.
but ultimately so futile.
실질적인 효과는 미미했죠.
of absolute breakdown,
접근을 사용해야 한다는 것이
the leaders of the city where Ella lives
지도자들은 용기를 내어,
by reversing Ryan's ratio.
비율을 달리해야 함에 동의했어요.
with Ella or a family like Ella's
접촉하는 사람들은
working with the families
가족과 작업하는데 사용했어요.
was in a best position to help them.
전문가를 선택했다는 거예요.
to be part of an interview panel,
면담 패널의 일부가 됐어요.
the existing professionals
of work to manage a system,
새로운 접근을 경험하지 못했거든요.
and you want to make a difference.
이룰 수 있는 사람들이 참여했어요.
everybody who came through the door,
방문하는 사람들에게 질문했죠.
starts kicking me?"
어떻게 대처할건가요?"
for the nearest exit
I'll call my supervisor."
제 상관에게 연락할거고요."
"You're the system. Get out of here!"
일하기 때문에 탈락이에요."라고 답했죠.
is a policeman, and he says,
and then I'm not sure what I'll do."
사실 그 다음은 모르겠어요"라고 말했죠
"감사해요."라고 답했어요.
정답을 모르겠다고 말한
going to talk in jargon.
전문가를 선택했어요.
and convinced the mothers
엄마들을 설득할 수 있었죠.
through thick and thin,
be soft with them.
of the former budget,
in any way they chose.
있다는 점에서 달랐죠.
went out for supper.
저녁식사를 했어요.
and they talked and they listened
대화를 나눴어요.
사용하고 싶다고 요청했죠.
to start a social enterprise.
성과를 이뤘죠.
and the workers.
역시 변화했어요.
changes took place.
몇 발자국 퇴보했다는 사실은
some big steps backwards
an IT training course,
her children are back in school,
구했고, 아이들은 학교로 돌아갔어요.
would be moved anywhere
involved in this transformation --
그 전문가들이에요.
has been supported to change.
변하도록 도왔습니다.
because I think that relationships
해결하기 어려운 문제에 닥쳤을 때,
intractable problems.
are all but written off
our welfare institutions.
의해 쓰여지고 있어요.
really has to change.
한다는 것을 배웠어요.
human bonds between us,
of connection, of belonging,
연결된 느낌을 주는 관계말이죠.
that support us to change,
변화가 생길 수 있게 도와주죠.
and try something new.
새로운 것을 시도할 수 있게 하죠.
in the institutions
Ella and her family
못한 건 우연이 아니예요.
designed out of a welfare model
and exported around the world.
관계를 다루지 않아요.
of the first welfare state
the average sensual or emotional man.
사람을 신뢰하지 않았어요.
of the impersonal system
체계를 신뢰했어요.
and work in this system.
일하는 관료제를 신뢰했어요.
sees social issues
sold over 100,000 copies
on a November night to get hold of a copy,
비오는 11월 밤에 줄을 섰지요.
across the colonies, across Europe,
유럽까지 널리 읽혔지요.
were designed around the globe.
정립하는 방식에 큰 영향을 미쳤어요.
the institutions -- they are global,
관료제, 기관들이
like common sense.
see them anymore.
보고서를 읽지는 않지만,
that in the 20th century,
these institutions.
기관들은 엄청난 성공을 거뒀죠.
the eradication of mass disease,
전염병을 박멸했어요.
일관성 있는 교육을 이뤘지요.
of today's challenges.
문제의 싹을 키웠죠
than a lifetime of smoking?
큰 사망인자는 무엇일까요?
one person over 60 -- one in three --
60이 넘은 사람 중 3명 중 한명은
another person in a week.
말을 하지도 않는다고 해요.
85만명의 사람들은
하지 않는다고 해요.
with this problem;
가지고 있는 것은 아니예요.
of the Western world.
in countries like China,
mass migration, has left older people
과정에서 나이든 사람들은
designed and exported --
다룰 수가 없어요.
relational challenge,
by a traditional bureaucratic response.
wanting to understand this problem,
of about 60 older people
observing and listening.
what we could do differently.
대해 알고 싶었어요.
they want two things.
2가지를 알려줬을 거예요.
and change a light bulb,
전구를 갈아줄 사람을 원했어요.
come out of hospital.
누군가 함께 있길 원했죠.
with like-minded people,
즐거운 일을 하길 원했어요.
made friends at every stage of our lives.
원하는 것처럼 친구를 만들고 싶어했죠.
hired a couple of handymen,
사람들을 고용했어요.
a toll-free 0 800 number
무료번호를 포함한 회원권을 제공했어요.
for any support.
전화로 도움을 요청할 수 있었죠.
for so many reasons.
their pets are unwell,
how to use their mobile phone,
핸드폰 사용법을 잊어버렸을 때
a rich social calendar --
사교 활동을 제공했어요.
hot air ballooning -- you name it.
열기구 타기 같은 활동들 말이죠.
the really deep change:
변화가 생겼다는 거예요.
that have formed
going into hospital for a hip operation,
엉덩이 대체수술때문에 입원했죠.
they wouldn't see her for a bit.
당분간 활동에 참여할 수 없다고 말했어요
calls her back and says, "How can I help?"
전화를 걸어 도움이 필요한지 물었어요.
Tony's doing the gardening,
토니는 정원을 돌봐줬어요.
to come in and cook and chat."
요리를 해줬고, 대화를 나눴어요.
had organized themselves
that she feels 25 inside,
벨린다는 80대예요.
when she joined Circle.
답답하고, 우울했다고 해요.
to come along to that first event
기분이 나아졌다고 해요.
natural friendships formed,
the need for expensive services.
대체하게 됐어요.
that are making the difference.
have converged
함께 일어날 때
at the heart and center
문제를 해결할 수 있죠.
첫째로, 문제의 본질
different solutions.
다른 해결책이 필요하다는 것이죠.
as financial, of doing business as usual.
these approaches to scale
thousands of people.
사람들을 도울 수도 있죠.
is really simple,
like databases, mobile phones.
system that underpins it,
a membership of up to a thousand.
천명까지 담당할 수 있어요.
with a neighborhood organization
just wasn't possible,
that the spine of technology can provide.
삶의 질도 가능하지 않았죠.
underpinned by technology
models on their heads.
about institutions with finite resources,
기관들에 대한 거예요.
up to 80 percent of resource
반복해서 목격할 수 있었어요.
of administration
accessing the service
서비스에 접근할 수 없도록 만드는
시행했어야만 했죠.
that we and others have designed,
관계 서비스인 주기는
the more relationships,
더 많은 관계를 가지도록
and final story,
in the world,
개념내에 서 있습니다.
even more efficient and transactional --
변화시키는 것이죠.
people into ever-smaller categories,
좀 더 작은 범주로 나눠서 말이죠.
more efficiently -- in other words,
효율성을 추구하는 것이죠.
most new jobs are not advertised.
새로운 구직 광고가 없어요.
that helps you find work.
당신이 직업을 찾도록 도와주죠.
this evening are thinking,
아마 생각할 거예요.
a friend that showed you the ad
친구가 구직광고를 보여줬고,
this rich and diverse network
필요로 하는 사람들이 바로,
and failure of current systems,
with relationships at its heart.
새로운 접근을 만들어야 합니다.
that encourages people to meet up,
서비스를 만들었어요.
the results of these new systems
비교하긴 어려워요.
with our first 1,000 members,
by a factor of three,
사용함으로써 훌륭한 결과를 도출했어요.
that a social platform would do.
방식으론 연결하진 못했어요.
and connect them with each other,
and supporting people to find work.
사람들이 취업할 수 있도록 도왔어요.
a dreadful mistake.
and their communities out.
led to seeing people,
of the bureaucracies and the institutions.
were already withering.
was much less read
많은 사람들이 읽지 않았죠.
비해서 말이에요.
and their communities
공통체를 필요로 해요.
we design new systems and new services,
만들기 위해서 말이에요.
"Relational Welfare."
these old, transactional,
시대착오적인 모델을 뒤로하고,
the shared collective relational responses
관계적인 반응을 수용해야죠.
and up the skills curve
새로운 기술을 배워
of education, of health care systems,
that are pressing on our societies.
문제들을 해결할 수 있게,
하는 것이 관계예요.
resource we have.
가진 주요한 자원입니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hilary Cottam - Innovator and social entrepreneurHilary Cottam wants to redesign the welfare state using the power of relationships.
Why you should listen
In its current functioning, based on the ideas first put forth in Britain by Sir William Beveridge in 1942 and then adopted around the world, the welfare state expressly designs out people’s capabilities and relationships, focusing instead on impersonal systems and rules. Sixty years on, the welfare state is failing its purpose and leaving people behind.
Hilary Cottam believes that a solution can be found in putting relationships squarely in the middle of it, and she has the examples and stories to prove it.
Cottam's recent award winning work includes: new systems to support an ageing population; a prison that reduces re-offending; new approaches to chronic disease and unemployment.
She has advised governments, companies and third sector organisations in the UK and internationally. She was educated at Oxford, Sussex and the Open University. She was awarded her PhD in 1999. She currently lives and works in London.
Hilary Cottam | Speaker | TED.com