TEDGlobal 2014
Matthieu Ricard: How to let altruism be your guide
Matthieu Ricard: Kako dopustiti altruizmu da nas vodi
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Što je altruizam? Jednostavno rečeno, to je želja da drugi budu sretni. I, kaže Matthieu Ricard, istraživač sreće i budistički monah, altruizam ju također sjajna leća za donošenje odluka, kako kratkoročnih tako i dugoročnih, u radu i u životu.
Matthieu Ricard - Monk, author, photographer
Sometimes called the "happiest man in the world," Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk, author and photographer. Full bio
Sometimes called the "happiest man in the world," Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk, author and photographer. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So we humans have an extraordinary
potential for goodness,
potential for goodness,
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Mi ljudi, imamo nevjerojatan potencijal
za dobrotu,
za dobrotu,
00:19
but also an immense power to do harm.
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ali opet i neizmjernu moć da naštetimo.
00:24
Any tool can be used to build
or to destroy.
or to destroy.
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Svaki alat se može koristiti tako da
sagradi ili uništi.
sagradi ili uništi.
00:30
That all depends on our motivation.
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Sve ovisi o našoj motivaciji.
Prema tome, zato je važno
00:33
Therefore, it is all the more important
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00:36
to foster an altruistic motivation
rather than a selfish one.
rather than a selfish one.
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njegovati altruističku motivaciju
umjesto sebične.
umjesto sebične.
00:42
So now we indeed are facing
many challenges in our times.
many challenges in our times.
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Uistinu smo suočeni s mnogim izazovima
danas.
danas.
00:49
Those could be personal challenges.
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To mogu biti osobni izazovi.
00:52
Our own mind can be our best friend
or our worst enemy.
or our worst enemy.
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Naš vlastiti um može biti naš najbolji
prijatelj, ali i najgori neprijatelj.
prijatelj, ali i najgori neprijatelj.
00:58
There's also societal challenges:
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Tu su također socijalni izazovi:
01:01
poverty in the midst of plenty,
inequalities, conflict, injustice.
inequalities, conflict, injustice.
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siromaštvo usred obilja,
nejednakosti, sukobi, nepravda.
nejednakosti, sukobi, nepravda.
01:06
And then there are the new challenges,
which we don't expect.
which we don't expect.
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Zatim tu su novi izazovi
koje nismo očekivali.
koje nismo očekivali.
Prije 10.000 godina, na Zemlji
je bilo oko pet milijuna ljudskih bića.
je bilo oko pet milijuna ljudskih bića.
01:11
Ten thousand years ago, there were
about five million human beings on Earth.
about five million human beings on Earth.
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01:15
Whatever they could do,
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Što god bi napravili,
01:17
the Earth's resilience
would soon heal human activities.
would soon heal human activities.
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Zemljina otpornost bi brzo zaliječila
ljudsko djelovanje.
ljudsko djelovanje.
01:22
After the Industrial
and Technological Revolutions,
and Technological Revolutions,
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Nakon industrijskih i tehnoloških
revolucija
revolucija
01:25
that's not the same anymore.
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to više nije tako.
01:28
We are now the major agent
of impact on our Earth.
of impact on our Earth.
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Mi smo sada najveći čimbenik utjecaja
na našoj Zemlji.
na našoj Zemlji.
Ulazimo u antropocen,
eru ljudskih bića.
eru ljudskih bića.
01:32
We enter the Anthropocene,
the era of human beings.
the era of human beings.
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01:36
So in a way, if we were to say
we need to continue this endless growth,
we need to continue this endless growth,
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Na neki način, ako kažemo kako moramo
nastaviti s ovim beskonačnim rastom,
nastaviti s ovim beskonačnim rastom,
01:43
endless use of material resources,
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beskonačnim korištenjem
materijalnih resursa,
materijalnih resursa,
01:47
it's like if this man was saying --
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to je kao kad bi ovaj čovjek rekao --
01:50
and I heard a former head of state,
I won't mention who, saying --
I won't mention who, saying --
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a čuo sam bivšeg vođu države,
neću reći kojeg, kako govori --
neću reći kojeg, kako govori --
01:55
"Five years ago, we were at
the edge of the precipice.
the edge of the precipice.
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"Prije pet godina smo bili
na rubu provalije.
na rubu provalije.
01:59
Today we made a big step forward."
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Danas smo napravili
veliki korak naprijed."
veliki korak naprijed."
02:02
So this edge is the same
that has been defined by scientists
that has been defined by scientists
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Ovaj rub je isto ono
što su znanstvenici definirali
što su znanstvenici definirali
02:08
as the planetary boundaries.
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kao planetarna ograničenja.
02:11
And within those boundaries,
they can carry a number of factors.
they can carry a number of factors.
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A u okviru tih ograničenja
može se nalaziti bezbroj čimbenika.
može se nalaziti bezbroj čimbenika.
02:15
We can still prosper, humanity can still
prosper for 150,000 years
prosper for 150,000 years
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Možemo i dalje napredovati, čovječanstvo
može napredovati 150.000 godina.
može napredovati 150.000 godina.
02:21
if we keep the same stability of climate
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ako održimo istu stabilnost klime
02:24
as in the Holocene
for the last 10,000 years.
for the last 10,000 years.
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kao u holocenu zadnjih 10.000 godina.
02:27
But this depends on choosing
a voluntary simplicity,
a voluntary simplicity,
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Ali ovo ovisi o odabiru
dobrovoljne jednostavnosti,
dobrovoljne jednostavnosti,
razvijanja kvalitativnog,
a ne kvantitativnog.
a ne kvantitativnog.
02:33
growing qualitatively, not quantitatively.
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02:36
So in 1900, as you can see,
we were well within the limits of safety.
we were well within the limits of safety.
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Tako smo 1900., kao što vidite,
bili unutar sigurnih granica.
bili unutar sigurnih granica.
02:42
Now, in 1950 came the great acceleration.
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1950-ih dolazi do velikog ubrzanja.
02:47
Now hold your breath, not too long,
to imagine what comes next.
to imagine what comes next.
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Zadržite dah, ne predugo,
kako biste zamislili što slijedi.
kako biste zamislili što slijedi.
02:52
Now we have vastly overrun
some of the planetary boundaries.
some of the planetary boundaries.
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Danas smo bitno prešli neka planetarna
ograničenja.
ograničenja.
02:58
Just to take biodiversity,
at the current rate,
at the current rate,
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Ako samo uzmemo bioraznolikost,
trenutnom stopom,
trenutnom stopom,
03:02
by 2050, 30 percent of all species
on Earth will have disappeared.
on Earth will have disappeared.
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do 2050., 30 posto svih vrsta na Zemlji
će nestati.
će nestati.
03:09
Even if we keep their DNA in some fridge,
that's not going to be reversible.
that's not going to be reversible.
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Čak i ako sačuvamo njihovu DNK u
nekom frižideru, to se neće promijeniti.
nekom frižideru, to se neće promijeniti.
03:15
So here I am sitting
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Evo mene kako sjedim
03:16
in front of a 7,000-meter-high,
21,000-foot glacier in Bhutan.
21,000-foot glacier in Bhutan.
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ispred glečera visokog 7.000 metara
u Butanu.
u Butanu.
03:22
At the Third Pole, 2,000 glaciers
are melting fast, faster than the Arctic.
are melting fast, faster than the Arctic.
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Na Trećem polu se 2.000 glečera
ubrzano topi, brže nego na Arktiku.
ubrzano topi, brže nego na Arktiku.
03:29
So what can we do in that situation?
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Što možemo napraviti u
takvoj situaciji?
takvoj situaciji?
03:34
Well, however complex
politically, economically, scientifically
politically, economically, scientifically
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Koliko god složeno politički,
ekonomski, znanstveno
ekonomski, znanstveno
03:41
the question of the environment is,
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bilo pitanje okoliša,
03:43
it simply boils down to a question
of altruism versus selfishness.
of altruism versus selfishness.
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jednostavno se pitanje svodi na
altruizam naspram sebičnosti.
altruizam naspram sebičnosti.
03:50
I'm a Marxist of the Groucho tendency.
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Ja sam marksist s Groucho tendencijom.
03:54
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
Groucho Marx je rekao, "Zašto bih ja
trebao brinuti o budućim generacijama?
trebao brinuti o budućim generacijama?
03:55
Groucho Marx said, "Why should I care
about future generations?
about future generations?
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03:59
What have they ever done for me?"
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Što su one učinile za mene?"
(Smijeh)
04:01
(Laughter)
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04:02
Unfortunately, I heard
the billionaire Steve Forbes,
the billionaire Steve Forbes,
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Na nesreću, čuo sam
milijardera Stevea Forbesa,
milijardera Stevea Forbesa,
04:07
on Fox News, saying exactly
the same thing, but seriously.
the same thing, but seriously.
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na Fox vijestima, kako govori jednaku
stvar, ali za stvarno.
stvar, ali za stvarno.
04:10
He was told about the rise of the ocean,
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Rečeno mu je o povećanju razine oceana,
04:13
and he said, "I find it absurd
to change my behavior today
to change my behavior today
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a on je rekao, "Meni je apsurdno
mijenjati svoje današnje ponašanje
mijenjati svoje današnje ponašanje
04:16
for something that will happen
in a hundred years."
in a hundred years."
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zbog nečega što će se dogoditi
za stotinu godina."
za stotinu godina."
04:19
So if you don't care
for future generations,
for future generations,
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Dakle ako vas nije briga za
buduće generacije,
buduće generacije,
04:22
just go for it.
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samo naprijed.
04:25
So one of the main challenges of our times
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Dakle, jedan od najvećih izazova
našeg vremena
našeg vremena
04:28
is to reconcile three time scales:
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jeste pomiriti tri vremenske skale:
04:31
the short term of the economy,
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kratkoročnost ekonomije,
04:33
the ups and downs of the stock market,
the end-of-the-year accounts;
the end-of-the-year accounts;
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uspone i padove tržišta dionica,
proračuna na kraju godine;
proračuna na kraju godine;
04:37
the midterm of the quality of life --
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srednjoročnost vezana
uz kvalitetu života --
uz kvalitetu života --
04:40
what is the quality every moment of our
life, over 10 years and 20 years? --
life, over 10 years and 20 years? --
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-- kakva je kvaliteta svakog trenutka
našeg života, tijekom 10 i 20 godina? --
našeg života, tijekom 10 i 20 godina? --
04:45
and the long term of the environment.
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i dugoročnosti okoliša.
04:49
When the environmentalists
speak with economists,
speak with economists,
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Kada ekolozi govore s ekonomistima
04:51
it's like a schizophrenic dialogue,
completely incoherent.
completely incoherent.
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to sliči na šizofreni dijalog,
potpuno nepovezan.
potpuno nepovezan.
04:54
They don't speak the same language.
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Oni ne govore istim jezikom.
04:57
Now, for the last 10 years,
I went around the world
I went around the world
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Zadnjih 10 godina,
hodao sam svijetom
hodao sam svijetom
srečući ekonomiste, znanstvenike,
neuroznanstvenike, ekologe,
neuroznanstvenike, ekologe,
05:01
meeting economists, scientists,
neuroscientists, environmentalists,
neuroscientists, environmentalists,
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05:05
philosophers, thinkers
in the Himalayas, all over the place.
in the Himalayas, all over the place.
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filozofe, mislioce na Himalajama,
svugdje.
svugdje.
05:09
It seems to me, there's only one concept
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Čini mi se,
kako postoji samo jedan koncept
kako postoji samo jedan koncept
koji može pomiriti
te tri vremenske skale.
te tri vremenske skale.
05:13
that can reconcile
those three time scales.
those three time scales.
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Jednostavno se mora imati više obzira
prema drugima.
prema drugima.
05:16
It is simply having more
consideration for others.
consideration for others.
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Ako imate više obzira prema drugima,
imati ćete ekonomiju koja brine,
imati ćete ekonomiju koja brine,
05:21
If you have more consideration for others,
you will have a caring economics,
you will have a caring economics,
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05:26
where finance is at the service of society
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gdje financije služe društvu,
05:29
and not society at the service of finance.
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a ne da društvo služi financijama.
05:32
You will not play at the casino
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Nećete se igrati u kockarnici
05:34
with the resources that people
have entrusted you with.
have entrusted you with.
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sa sredstvima koja su vam ljudi povjerili.
05:37
If you have more consideration for others,
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Ako imate više obzira prema drugima,
05:39
you will make sure
that you remedy inequality,
that you remedy inequality,
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potruditi ćete se ukloniti nejednakosti,
05:43
that you bring some kind
of well-being within society,
of well-being within society,
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dati ćete društvu neku vrstu dobrobiti,
05:47
in education, at the workplace.
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u obrazovanju, na radnom mjestu.
05:49
Otherwise, a nation that is
the most powerful and the richest
the most powerful and the richest
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U suprotnom, imate naciju koja je
najmoćnija i najbogatija
najmoćnija i najbogatija
05:52
but everyone is miserable,
what's the point?
what's the point?
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ali su svi jadni,
koja je svrha toga?
koja je svrha toga?
05:55
And if you have more
consideration for others,
consideration for others,
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I ako imate više obzira prema drugima,
05:57
you are not going to ransack
that planet that we have
that planet that we have
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nećete poremetiti planet koji imamo,
06:01
and at the current rate, we don't
have three planets to continue that way.
have three planets to continue that way.
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jer nemamo tri planeta da ovako nastavimo.
06:05
So the question is,
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Dakle pitanje je,
06:08
okay, altruism is the answer,
it's not just a novel ideal,
it's not just a novel ideal,
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dobro, altruizam je odgovor,
to nije neka novotarija,
to nije neka novotarija,
06:12
but can it be a real, pragmatic solution?
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ali može li on biti stvarno,
pragmatično rješenje?
pragmatično rješenje?
06:15
And first of all, does it exist,
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I prije svega, postoji li uopće,
06:18
true altruism, or are we so selfish?
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istinski altruizam,
ili smo mi tako sebični?
ili smo mi tako sebični?
06:22
So some philosophers thought
we were irredeemably selfish.
we were irredeemably selfish.
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Neki filozofi su mislili
kako smo nepopravljivo sebični.
kako smo nepopravljivo sebični.
06:27
But are we really all just like rascals?
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Ali jesmo li stvarno svi bitange?
06:32
That's good news, isn't it?
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To su dobre vijesti, zar ne?
06:35
Many philosophers,
like Hobbes, have said so.
like Hobbes, have said so.
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Mnogi filozofi, poput Hobsa,
su tako govorili.
su tako govorili.
06:38
But not everyone looks like a rascal.
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Ali ne izgleda svatko kao bitanga.
06:41
Or is man a wolf for man?
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Ili je čovjek, čovjeku vuk?
Ali ovaj lik ne izgleda tako loše.
06:44
But this guy doesn't seem too bad.
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06:47
He's one of my friends in Tibet.
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On je jedan od mojih prijatelja na Tibetu.
06:50
He's very kind.
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Jako je drag.
06:52
So now, we love cooperation.
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Mi volimo suradnju.
Nema većeg zadovoljstva
od zajedničkog rada, zar ne?
od zajedničkog rada, zar ne?
06:55
There's no better joy
than working together, is there?
than working together, is there?
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07:00
And then not only humans.
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I to ne samo kod ljudi.
07:04
Then, of course, there's
the struggle for life,
the struggle for life,
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Zatim, naravno,
tu je borba za život,
tu je borba za život,
07:06
the survival of the fittest,
social Darwinism.
social Darwinism.
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preživljavanje najsposobnijih,
društveni darvinizam.
društveni darvinizam.
(Smijeh)
07:11
But in evolution, cooperation --
though competition exists, of course --
though competition exists, of course --
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Ali u evoluciji, suradnja -- premda i
nadmetanje postoji, naravno --
nadmetanje postoji, naravno --
07:17
cooperation has to be much more creative
to go to increased levels of complexity.
to go to increased levels of complexity.
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suradnja mora biti puno kreativnija kako
bi se prešlo na višu razinu složenosti.
bi se prešlo na višu razinu složenosti.
07:22
We are super-cooperators
and we should even go further.
and we should even go further.
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Mi smo super-suradnici
i trebali bi još više napredovati.
i trebali bi još više napredovati.
07:27
So now, on top of that,
the quality of human relationships.
the quality of human relationships.
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Pored svega, kvaliteta ljudskih odnosa.
07:33
The OECD did a survey among 10 factors,
including income, everything.
including income, everything.
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OECD je obavio istraživanje između
10 čimbenika, uključujući prihod, sve.
10 čimbenika, uključujući prihod, sve.
07:37
The first one that people said,
that's the main thing for my happiness,
that's the main thing for my happiness,
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Prvo za što su ljudi rekli da je
njvažnije za njihovu sreću
njvažnije za njihovu sreću
07:41
is quality of social relationships.
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jest kvaliteta društvenih odnosa.
07:44
Not only in humans.
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Ne samo ljudskih.
07:47
And look at those great-grandmothers.
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I pogledajte samo te prabake.
07:50
So now, this idea
that if we go deep within,
that if we go deep within,
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E sad, ta ideja
da ako se zagledamo u dubinu,
da ako se zagledamo u dubinu,
07:56
we are irredeemably selfish,
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mi smo nepopravljivo sebični,
07:58
this is armchair science.
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to je pseudoznanost.
08:01
There is not a single sociological study,
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Ne postoji niti jedno
sociološko istraživanje,
sociološko istraživanje,
08:03
psychological study,
that's ever shown that.
that's ever shown that.
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psihološko istraživanje,
koje je to ikada pokazalo.
koje je to ikada pokazalo.
08:06
Rather, the opposite.
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Upravo suprotno.
08:08
My friend, Daniel Batson,
spent a whole life
spent a whole life
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Moj prijatelj Daniel Batson,
proveo je čitav život
proveo je čitav život
08:12
putting people in the lab
in very complex situations.
in very complex situations.
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stavljajući ljude u laboratorije
u vrlo složene situacije.
u vrlo složene situacije.
08:15
And of course we are sometimes selfish,
and some people more than others.
and some people more than others.
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Naravno da smo ponekad sebični,
a neki ljudi više od drugih.
a neki ljudi više od drugih.
Ali on je otkrio da sustavno,
bez obzira na sve,
bez obzira na sve,
08:19
But he found that systematically,
no matter what,
no matter what,
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08:22
there's a significant number of people
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postoji značajan broj ljudi
08:25
who do behave altruistically,
no matter what.
no matter what.
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koji se ponašaju altruistično,
bez obzira na sve.
bez obzira na sve.
08:28
If you see someone
deeply wounded, great suffering,
deeply wounded, great suffering,
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Ako vidite nekoga duboko ranjenog,
kako jako pati,
kako jako pati,
08:31
you might just help
out of empathic distress --
out of empathic distress --
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možda ćete pomoći samo iz
empatične uznemirenosti --
empatične uznemirenosti --
08:34
you can't stand it, so it's better to help
than to keep on looking at that person.
than to keep on looking at that person.
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-- ne možete to podnijeti, pa je bolje
pomoći nego i dalje gledati tu osobu.
pomoći nego i dalje gledati tu osobu.
08:38
So we tested all that, and in the end,
he said, clearly people can be altruistic.
he said, clearly people can be altruistic.
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Provjerili smo sve, i na kraju, rekao je,
jasno je da ljudi mogu biti altruistični.
jasno je da ljudi mogu biti altruistični.
08:44
So that's good news.
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To su dobre vijesti.
08:46
And even further, we should look
at the banality of goodness.
at the banality of goodness.
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Štoviše, trebalo bi pogledati
banalnost dobrote.
banalnost dobrote.
08:51
Now look at here.
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Pogledajmo samo ovdje.
08:53
When we come out, we aren't
going to say, "That's so nice.
going to say, "That's so nice.
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Kada izađemo iz dvorane, nećemo reći:
"To je tako lijepo.
"To je tako lijepo.
08:56
There was no fistfight while this mob
was thinking about altruism."
was thinking about altruism."
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Nije bilo tučnjave dok je ova rulja
razmišljala o altruizmu."
razmišljala o altruizmu."
09:00
No, that's expected, isn't it?
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Ne, to je očekivano, zar ne?
09:03
If there was a fistfight,
we would speak of that for months.
we would speak of that for months.
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Kada bi bilo tučnjave,
pričali bismo o tome mjesecima.
pričali bismo o tome mjesecima.
09:06
So the banality of goodness is something
that doesn't attract your attention,
that doesn't attract your attention,
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Banalnost dobrote je nešto
što ne privlači vašu pažnju,
što ne privlači vašu pažnju,
09:09
but it exists.
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ali postoji.
09:11
Now, look at this.
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Sada pogledajte ovo.
09:21
So some psychologists said,
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Neki psiholozi su rekli,
09:24
when I tell them I run 140 humanitarian
projects in the Himalayas
projects in the Himalayas
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kada im pričam kako vodim 140
humanitarnih projekata na Himalajima
humanitarnih projekata na Himalajima
09:27
that give me so much joy,
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koji mi pružaju toliko sreće,
09:29
they said, "Oh, I see,
you work for the warm glow.
you work for the warm glow.
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oni kažu: "Da, vidim,
radiš to zbog osjećaja topline.
radiš to zbog osjećaja topline.
09:32
That is not altruistic.
You just feel good."
You just feel good."
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To nije altruizam.
Samo se osjećaš dobro."
Samo se osjećaš dobro."
09:35
You think this guy,
when he jumped in front of the train,
when he jumped in front of the train,
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Mislite kako je ovaj tip,
kada je skočio ispred vlaka,
kada je skočio ispred vlaka,
pomislio: "Osjećati ću se dobro
kada se ovo završi?"
kada se ovo završi?"
09:38
he thought, "I'm going to feel
so good when this is over?"
so good when this is over?"
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09:41
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:43
But that's not the end of it.
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Ali to nije kraj.
09:45
They say, well, but when
you interviewed him, he said,
you interviewed him, he said,
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Kažu, ali da je rekao,
kada ste ga intervjuirali:
kada ste ga intervjuirali:
09:48
"I had no choice.
I had to jump, of course."
I had to jump, of course."
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"Nisam imao izbora.
Naravno da sam morao skočiti."
Naravno da sam morao skočiti."
09:51
He has no choice. Automatic behavior.
It's neither selfish nor altruistic.
It's neither selfish nor altruistic.
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Nije imao izbora. Automatizirano ponašanje.
Nije ni sebično ni altruistično.
Nije ni sebično ni altruistično.
09:55
No choice?
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Bez izbora?
09:56
Well of course, this guy's
not going to think for half an hour,
not going to think for half an hour,
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Pa naravno, ovaj lik neće razmišljati
pola sata:
pola sata:
"Trebam li pružiti ruku?
Ne trebam li pružiti ruku?"
Ne trebam li pružiti ruku?"
09:59
"Should I give my hand? Not give my hand?"
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10:01
He does it. There is a choice,
but it's obvious, it's immediate.
but it's obvious, it's immediate.
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On to napravi. Postoji izbor,
ali je očigledno, u momentu.
ali je očigledno, u momentu.
10:05
And then, also, there he had a choice.
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I također, on je imao izbor.
10:08
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:10
There are people who had choice,
like Pastor André Trocmé and his wife,
like Pastor André Trocmé and his wife,
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Postoje ljudi koji su birali, kao što
je pastor André Trocmé i njegova žena,
je pastor André Trocmé i njegova žena,
10:14
and the whole village
of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in France.
of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in France.
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i cijelo selo Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
u Francuskoj.
u Francuskoj.
10:17
For the whole Second World War,
they saved 3,500 Jews,
they saved 3,500 Jews,
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Tijekom cijelog II. svjetskog rata
spasili su 3.500 Židova,
spasili su 3.500 Židova,
10:21
gave them shelter,
brought them to Switzerland,
brought them to Switzerland,
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pružili su im utočište,
vratili ih u Švicarsku,
vratili ih u Švicarsku,
suprotno svim očekivanjima, riskirajući
svoje živote i živote svoje obitelji.
svoje živote i živote svoje obitelji.
10:23
against all odds, at the risk
of their lives and those of their family.
of their lives and those of their family.
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10:27
So altruism does exist.
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Dakle altruizam postoji.
10:29
So what is altruism?
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Onda što je altruizam?
10:31
It is the wish: May others be happy
and find the cause of happiness.
and find the cause of happiness.
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To je želja: neka drugi budu sretni
i pronađu razlog za sreću.
i pronađu razlog za sreću.
10:35
Now, empathy is the affective resonance
or cognitive resonance that tells you,
or cognitive resonance that tells you,
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Empatija je afektivna rezonancija ili
kognitivna rezonancija koja vam govori:
kognitivna rezonancija koja vam govori:
10:40
this person is joyful,
this person suffers.
this person suffers.
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ova osoba je sretna,
ova osoba pati.
ova osoba pati.
10:42
But empathy alone is not sufficient.
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Ali sama empatija nije dovoljna.
10:46
If you keep on being
confronted with suffering,
confronted with suffering,
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Ako se kontinuirano
suočavate s patnjom,
suočavate s patnjom,
10:48
you might have empathic distress, burnout,
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možete imati empatijski slom, izgaranje,
10:51
so you need the greater sphere
of loving-kindness.
of loving-kindness.
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pa vam treba veći djelokrug ljubaznosti.
S Taniom Singer
s instituta Max Planck u Leipzigu,
s instituta Max Planck u Leipzigu,
10:55
With Tania Singer at the Max Planck
Institute of Leipzig,
Institute of Leipzig,
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10:58
we showed that the brain networks for
empathy and loving-kindness are different.
empathy and loving-kindness are different.
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pokazali smo kako su moždane mreže
za empatiju i ljubaznost različite.
za empatiju i ljubaznost različite.
11:04
Now, that's all well done,
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To je sve dobro napravljeno,
11:06
so we got that from evolution,
from maternal care, parental love,
from maternal care, parental love,
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pa to dobijamo evolucijom, majčinskom
njegom, roditeljskom ljubavlju,
njegom, roditeljskom ljubavlju,
11:11
but we need to extend that.
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ali moramo to proširiti.
11:13
It can be extended even to other species.
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To se može proširiti čak i na druge vrste.
11:16
Now, if we want a more altruistic society,
we need two things:
we need two things:
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Ako želimo altruističnije društvo,
potrebne su nam dvije stvari:
potrebne su nam dvije stvari:
11:21
individual change and societal change.
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pojedinačna promjena
i društvena promjena.
i društvena promjena.
11:24
So is individual change possible?
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Je li pojedinačna promjena moguća?
11:27
Two thousand years
of contemplative study said yes, it is.
of contemplative study said yes, it is.
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Dvije tisuće godina iscrpnih
istraživanja kažu da, moguća je.
istraživanja kažu da, moguća je.
11:30
Now, 15 years of collaboration
with neuroscience and epigenetics
with neuroscience and epigenetics
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15 godina suradnje s
neurologijom i epigenetikom
neurologijom i epigenetikom
11:33
said yes, our brains change
when you train in altruism.
when you train in altruism.
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reklo je da; naši mozgovi se mijenjaju
kada vježbamo altruizam.
kada vježbamo altruizam.
11:38
So I spent 120 hours in an MRI machine.
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Tako sam proveo 120 sati u MRI uređaju.
11:42
This is the first time I went
after two and a half hours.
after two and a half hours.
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Ovo je kada sam išao prvi put,
poslije dva i pol sata.
poslije dva i pol sata.
11:45
And then the result has been published
in many scientific papers.
in many scientific papers.
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Zatim su rezultati objavljeni
u mnogim znanstvenim časopisima.
u mnogim znanstvenim časopisima.
11:49
It shows without ambiguity
that there is structural change
that there is structural change
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Pokazuje kako nedvosmisleno
dolazi do strukturne
dolazi do strukturne
11:52
and functional change in the brain
when you train the altruistic love.
when you train the altruistic love.
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i funkcionalne promjene u mozgu
kada vježbate altruističnu ljubav.
kada vježbate altruističnu ljubav.
11:56
Just to give you an idea:
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Kako bi vam bilo jasnije:
11:58
this is the meditator at rest on the left,
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ovo je meditator u mirovanju
s lijeve strane,
s lijeve strane,
12:01
meditator in compassion meditation,
you see all the activity,
you see all the activity,
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meditator u suosjećajnoj meditaciji,
vidite svu aktivnost,
vidite svu aktivnost,
i zatim kontrolna grupa u mirovanju,
ništa se nije dogodilo,
ništa se nije dogodilo,
12:04
and then the control group at rest,
nothing happened,
nothing happened,
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12:07
in meditation, nothing happened.
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u meditaciji, ništa se nije dogodilo.
12:09
They have not been trained.
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Nisu vježbali.
12:11
So do you need 50,000 hours
of meditation? No, you don't.
of meditation? No, you don't.
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Je li potrebno 50.000 sati meditacije?
Ne, nije.
Ne, nije.
12:15
Four weeks, 20 minutes a day,
of caring, mindfulness meditation
of caring, mindfulness meditation
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Četiri tjedna, 20 minuta dnevno brižne,
svjesne meditacije
svjesne meditacije
12:19
already brings a structural change
in the brain compared to a control group.
in the brain compared to a control group.
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već donosi strukturnu promjenu mozga
u usporedbi s kontrolnom grupom.
u usporedbi s kontrolnom grupom.
12:26
That's only 20 minutes a day
for four weeks.
for four weeks.
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To je samo 20 minuta dnevno
tijekom četiri tjedna.
tijekom četiri tjedna.
Čak i kod predškolaraca -- Richard
Davidson je to napravio u Madisonu.
Davidson je to napravio u Madisonu.
12:29
Even with preschoolers --
Richard Davidson did that in Madison.
Richard Davidson did that in Madison.
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12:33
An eight-week program: gratitude, loving-
kindness, cooperation, mindful breathing.
kindness, cooperation, mindful breathing.
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Osmotjedni program: zahvalnost,
ljubaznost, suradnja, svjesno disanje.
ljubaznost, suradnja, svjesno disanje.
12:39
You would say,
"Oh, they're just preschoolers."
"Oh, they're just preschoolers."
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Reći ćete:
"To su samo predškolarci."
"To su samo predškolarci."
12:41
Look after eight weeks,
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Pogledajte nakon osam tjedana,
12:43
the pro-social behavior,
that's the blue line.
that's the blue line.
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pro-socijalno ponašanje,
to je plava linija.
to je plava linija.
12:45
And then comes the ultimate
scientific test, the stickers test.
scientific test, the stickers test.
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I zatim dolazi glavni znanstveni test,
test s naljepnicama.
test s naljepnicama.
12:51
Before, you determine for each child
who is their best friend in the class,
who is their best friend in the class,
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Najprije odredite za svako dijete tko je
njihov najbolji prijatelj u razredu,
njihov najbolji prijatelj u razredu,
12:55
their least favorite child,
an unknown child, and the sick child,
an unknown child, and the sick child,
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njihovo najneomiljenije dijete,
nepoznato dijete, i bolesno dijete,
nepoznato dijete, i bolesno dijete,
12:59
and they have to give stickers away.
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i morali su im davati naljepnice.
13:02
So before the intervention,
they give most of it to their best friend.
they give most of it to their best friend.
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Prije intervencije, daju najveći dio
svom najboljem prijatelju.
svom najboljem prijatelju.
13:06
Four, five years old,
20 minutes three times a week.
20 minutes three times a week.
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Djeca od četiri, pet godina,
20 minuta, tri puta tjedno.
20 minuta, tri puta tjedno.
13:09
After the intervention,
no more discrimination:
no more discrimination:
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Nakon intervencije,
nema više diskriminacije:
nema više diskriminacije:
ista količina naljepnica njihovom
najboljem prijatelju
najboljem prijatelju
13:13
the same amount of stickers to their
best friend and the least favorite child.
best friend and the least favorite child.
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i najneomiljenijem djetetu.
13:17
That's something we should do
in all the schools in the world.
in all the schools in the world.
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To je nešto što bismo trebali napraviti
u svim školama na svijetu.
u svim školama na svijetu.
13:20
Now where do we go from there?
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Gdje dalje?
13:22
(Applause)
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(pljesak)
13:26
When the Dalai Lama heard that,
he told Richard Davidson,
he told Richard Davidson,
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Kada je Dalai Lama to čuo,
rekao je Richardu Davidsonu,
rekao je Richardu Davidsonu,
13:29
"You go to 10 schools, 100 schools,
the U.N., the whole world."
the U.N., the whole world."
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"Odi u 10 škola, 100 škola, UN-u,
cijelom svijetu."
cijelom svijetu."
13:32
So now where do we go from there?
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Gdje dalje?
13:34
Individual change is possible.
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Individualna promjena je moguća.
13:36
Now do we have to wait for an altruistic
gene to be in the human race?
gene to be in the human race?
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Trebamo li čekati da se pojavi
altruistični gen u ljudskom rodu?
altruistični gen u ljudskom rodu?
13:41
That will take 50,000 years,
too much for the environment.
too much for the environment.
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Za to je potrebno 50.000 godina,
previše za naš okoliš.
previše za naš okoliš.
13:45
Fortunately, there is
the evolution of culture.
the evolution of culture.
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Na sreću, postoji evolucija kulture.
13:49
Cultures, as specialists have shown,
change faster than genes.
change faster than genes.
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Kulture se, kako su eksperti pokazali,
mijenjaju brže od gena.
mijenjaju brže od gena.
13:55
That's the good news.
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To su dobre vijesti.
13:56
Look, attitude towards war
has dramatically changed over the years.
has dramatically changed over the years.
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Vidite, stavovi prema ratu su se
dramatično promijenili proteklih godina,
dramatično promijenili proteklih godina,
14:00
So now individual change and cultural
change mutually fashion each other,
change mutually fashion each other,
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Individualna promjena i promjene
u kulturi se međusobno oblikuju.
u kulturi se međusobno oblikuju.
14:05
and yes, we can achieve
a more altruistic society.
a more altruistic society.
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i tako, možemo postići
altruističnije društvo.
altruističnije društvo.
14:08
So where do we go from there?
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Gdje dalje?
14:09
Myself, I will go back to the East.
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Ja ću otići nazad na Istok.
14:12
Now we treat 100,000 patients
a year in our projects.
a year in our projects.
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Godišnje liječimo 100.000 pacijenata
u našim projektima.
u našim projektima.
14:15
We have 25,000 kids in school,
four percent overhead.
four percent overhead.
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Imamo 25.000 djece u školi,
četiri posto dodatnih troškova.
četiri posto dodatnih troškova.
14:19
Some people say, "Well,
your stuff works in practice,
your stuff works in practice,
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Neki će reći:
"Tvoje stvari djeluju u praksi,
"Tvoje stvari djeluju u praksi,
14:21
but does it work in theory?"
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ali funkcioniraju li u teoriji?"
14:23
There's always positive deviance.
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Uvijek postoji pozitivno odstupanje.
14:27
So I will also go back to my hermitage
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Također ću se vratiti svom isposništvu
14:29
to find the inner resources
to better serve others.
to better serve others.
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kako bih pronašao unutrašnje resurse
za bolje služenje drugima.
za bolje služenje drugima.
14:32
But on the more global level,
what can we do?
what can we do?
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Ali na globalnijoj razini,
što možemo napraviti?
što možemo napraviti?
14:36
We need three things.
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Potrebne su nam tri stvari.
14:37
Enhancing cooperation:
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Unapređenje suradnje:
14:40
Cooperative learning in the school
instead of competitive learning,
instead of competitive learning,
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kooperativno učenje u školi
umjesto kompetitivnog učenja.
umjesto kompetitivnog učenja.
14:44
Unconditional cooperation
within corporations --
within corporations --
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Bezuslovna suradnja unutar poduzeća --
14:47
there can be some competition
between corporations, but not within.
between corporations, but not within.
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može biti natjecanja među poduzećima,
ali ne i unutar njih.
ali ne i unutar njih.
14:52
We need sustainable harmony.
I love this term.
I love this term.
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Potrebna nam je održiva harmonija.
Volim taj izraz.
Volim taj izraz.
14:55
Not sustainable growth anymore.
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Ne više održivi razvoj.
14:57
Sustainable harmony means now
we will reduce inequality.
we will reduce inequality.
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Održiva harmonija znači
kako ćemo smanjiti nejednakost.
kako ćemo smanjiti nejednakost.
15:01
In the future, we do more with less,
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Ubuduće, radimo više s manje,
15:05
and we continue to grow qualitatively,
not quantitatively.
not quantitatively.
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i nastavljamo se razvijati kvalitativno,
ne kvantitativno.
ne kvantitativno.
15:10
We need caring economics.
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Potrebna nam je brižna ekonomija.
15:12
The Homo economicus cannot deal
with poverty in the midst of plenty,
with poverty in the midst of plenty,
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Homo economicus se ne može baviti
siromaštvom usred obilja,
siromaštvom usred obilja,
15:18
cannot deal with the problem
of the common goods
of the common goods
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ne može se baviti problemom
zajedničkih dobara
zajedničkih dobara
15:20
of the atmosphere, of the oceans.
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atmosfere, oceana.
Potrebna nam je brižna ekonomija.
15:23
We need a caring economics.
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Ako kažete kako ekonomija
treba biti suosjećajna,
treba biti suosjećajna,
15:24
If you say economics
should be compassionate,
should be compassionate,
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15:26
they say, "That's not our job."
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oni kažu:
"To nije naš posao."
"To nije naš posao."
15:28
But if you say they don't care,
that looks bad.
that looks bad.
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Ali ako kažete kako im nije stalo,
to djeluje loše.
to djeluje loše.
15:31
We need local commitment,
global responsibility.
global responsibility.
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Treba nam lokalna posvećenost,
globalna odgovornost.
globalna odgovornost.
15:34
We need to extend altruism
to the other 1.6 million species.
to the other 1.6 million species.
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Trebamo proširiti altruizam
na drugih 1,6 milijuna vrsta.
na drugih 1,6 milijuna vrsta.
15:40
Sentient beings
are co-citizens in this world.
are co-citizens in this world.
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Osjećajna bića su sugrađani ovog svijeta.
15:43
and we need to dare altruism.
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I trebamo se usuditi na altruizam.
15:46
So, long live the altruistic revolution.
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Neka nam dugo živi
altruistična revolucija.
altruistična revolucija.
15:50
Viva la revolución de altruismo.
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Živjela revolucija altruizma.
15:55
(Applause)
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(pljesak)
16:00
Thank you.
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Hvala.
16:02
(Applause)
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(pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Matthieu Ricard - Monk, author, photographerSometimes called the "happiest man in the world," Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk, author and photographer.
Why you should listen
After training in biochemistry at the Institute Pasteur, Matthieu Ricard left science behind to move to the Himalayas and become a Buddhist monk -- and to pursue happiness, both at a basic human level and as a subject of inquiry. Achieving happiness, he has come to believe, requires the same kind of effort and mind training that any other serious pursuit involves.
His deep and scientifically tinged reflections on happiness and Buddhism have turned into several books, including The Quantum and the Lotus: A Journey to the Frontiers Where Science and Buddhism Meet. At the same time, he also makes sensitive and jaw-droppingly gorgeous photographs of his beloved Tibet and the spiritual hermitage where he lives and works on humanitarian projects.
His latest book on happiness is Happiness: A Guide to Developing Life's Most Important Skill; his latest book of photographs is Tibet: An Inner Journey.
Matthieu Ricard | Speaker | TED.com