TEDGlobal 2010
Jessa Gamble: Our natural sleep cycle is nothing like what we do now
Jessa Gamble: Naš prirodni ciklus spavanja
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U današnjem svijetu, održavajući ravnotežu između škole, posla, djece i ostalog, većina nas može se samo nadati preporučenim osam sati sna. Proučavajući znanstvena objašnjenja našeg unutrašnjeg sata, Jessa Gamble nam otkriva iznenađujuć i značajan program odmora koji bismo trebali pratiti.
Jessa Gamble - Writer
Jessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture. Full bio
Jessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Let's start with day and night.
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Započnimo s danom i noći.
00:18
Life evolved under conditions
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Život je evoluirao u uvjetima
00:20
of light and darkness,
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svjetla i tame,
00:22
light and then darkness.
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svjetla, a onda tame.
00:24
And so plants and animals
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I tako su biljke i životinje
00:26
developed their own internal clocks
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razvile vlastite unutarnje satove
00:28
so that they would be ready for these changes in light.
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kako bi bile spremne za te promjene u osvjetljenju.
00:30
These are chemical clocks,
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To su kemijski satovi,
00:32
and they're found in every known being that has two or more cells
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i postoje u svim poznatim bićima koja imaju dvije ili više stanica
00:35
and in some that only have one cell.
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i u nekima koje imaju samo jednu stanicu.
00:38
I'll give you an example --
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Evo jedan primjer.
00:40
if you take a horseshoe crab off the beach,
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Ako uzmete potkovastog raka s plaže,
00:42
and you fly it all the way across the continent,
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i ako ga prenesete na drugi kraj kontinenta,
00:44
and you drop it into a sloped cage,
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i ispustite ga u kavez s kosim dnom,
00:47
it will scramble up the floor of the cage
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on će se početi verati po kosini
00:49
as the tide is rising
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kako se plima diže
00:51
on its home shores,
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na obalama od kuda je došao,
00:53
and it'll skitter down again right as the water is receding
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i spuštat će se dolje jednako tako kako se voda povlači
00:55
thousands of miles away.
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1,000 milja daleko.
00:58
It'll do this for weeks,
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Činit će to tjednima,
01:00
until it kind of gradually loses the plot.
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dok postepeno ne izgubi obrazac.
01:03
And it's incredible to watch,
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To je nevjerojatno promatrati,
01:05
but there's nothing psychic or paranormal going on;
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ali u tome nema ništa vidovnjačko ili paranormalno;
01:07
it's simply that these crabs have internal cycles
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jednostvano ti rakovi imaju razvijen unutarnji ciklus
01:10
that correspond, usually, with what's going on around it.
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koji je usklađen, obično, s onime što se događa oko njih.
01:15
So, we have this ability as well.
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I mi također, imamo tu sposobnost.
01:17
And in humans, we call it the "body clock."
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A kod ljudi, to nazivamo tjelesnim satom.
01:20
You can see this most clearly when you take away someone's watch
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To možete najbolje vidjeti kada nekome uzmete sat
01:23
and you shut them into a bunker, deep underground,
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i zatvorite ga u bunker, duboko pod zemljom,
01:26
for a couple of months. (Laughter)
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nekoliko mjeseci.
01:28
People actually volunteer for this,
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Ljudi se čak dobrovoljno javljaju za ovo,
01:30
and they usually come out
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i obično izlaze
01:32
kind of raving about their productive time in the hole.
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nekako buncajući o svom produktivnom vremenu u rupi.
01:34
So, no matter how atypical these subjects would have to be,
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Bez obzira koliko atipični ti ljudi moraju biti,
01:37
they all show the same thing.
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svi oni pokazuju istu stvar.
01:39
They get up just a little bit later every day -- say 15 minutes or so --
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Dižu se samo malo kasnije svaki dan -- otprilike 15 minuta --
01:42
and they kind of drift all the way around the clock like this
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i tako "odskližu" cijeli dan
01:45
over the course of the weeks.
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kroz nekoliko tjedana.
01:47
And so, in this way we know that they are working on their own internal clocks,
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I tako, na taj način, znamo da rade u skladu sa svojim unutrašnjim satom
01:50
rather than somehow sensing the day outside.
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umjesto da nekako vani osjećaju dan.
01:54
So fine, we have a body clock,
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Dobro, imamo tjelesni sat,
01:56
and it turns out that it's incredibly important in our lives.
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i ispada kako je on nevjerojatno važan u našim životima.
01:59
It's a huge driver for culture
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To je veliki pokretač kulture,
02:01
and I think that it's the most underrated force on our behavior.
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i mislim kako je najpodcjenjenija sila koja utječe na naše ponašanje.
02:07
We evolved as a species near the equator,
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Evoluirali smo kao vrsta blizu ekvatora,
02:09
and so we're very well-equipped
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tako da smo jako dobro opremljeni
02:11
to deal with 12 hours of daylight
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Za nositi se s 12 satnim dnevnim svjetlom
02:13
and 12 hours of darkness.
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i 12 sati tame.
02:15
But of course, we've spread to every corner of the globe
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Ali naravno, raširili smo se u svaki kut Zemlje,
02:17
and in Arctic Canada, where I live,
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i u arktičkoj Kanadi, gdje ja živim,
02:19
we have perpetual daylight in summer
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mi imamo neprestano dnevno svjetlo ljeti
02:21
and 24 hours of darkness in winter.
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i 24 sata tame zimi.
02:24
So the culture, the northern aboriginal culture,
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Tako je kultura, sjeverna aboriđanska kultura,
02:27
traditionally has been highly seasonal.
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tradicionalno visoko sezonska.
02:29
In winter, there's a lot of sleeping going on;
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Zimi se puno spava.
02:32
you enjoy your family life inside.
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Uživate u obiteljskom životu unutra.
02:34
And in summer, it's almost manic hunting
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A ljeti, gotovo manijakalno lovite
02:37
and working activity very long hours,
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i radite jako dugo,
02:39
very active.
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jako aktivno.
02:42
So, what would our natural rhythm look like?
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Dakle, kako bi izgledao naš prirodni ritam?
02:44
What would our sleeping patterns be
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Kakvi bi bili naši obrasci spavanja
02:47
in the sort of ideal sense?
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u idealnom smislu?
02:50
Well, it turns out
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Ispada da
02:52
that when people are living
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kada ljudi žive
02:54
without any sort of artificial light at all,
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bez ikakve vrste umjetnog svjetla,
02:56
they sleep twice every night.
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spavaju dva puta svake noći.
02:58
They go to bed around 8:00 p.m.
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Idu u krevet oko 20:00 sati,
03:00
until midnight
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do ponoći
03:02
and then again, they sleep
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i onda opet spavaju
03:04
from about 2:00 a.m. until sunrise.
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od otprilike 02:00 do zore.
03:07
And in-between, they have a couple of hours
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A između, imaju nekoliko sati
03:09
of sort of meditative quiet in bed.
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neke vrste tihe meditacije u krevetu.
03:12
And during this time,
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I tijekom tog vremena,
03:14
there's a surge of prolactin,
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dolazi do navale prolaktina
03:16
the likes of which a modern day never sees.
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onakve kakvu u normalnom životu nikada ne vidimo.
03:19
The people in these studies
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Ljudi u tim istraživanjima
03:21
report feeling so awake during the daytime,
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izvještavaju kako se osjećaju toliko budnima tijekom dana,
03:23
that they realize
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da shvaćaju
03:25
they're experiencing true wakefulness
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kako doživljavaju iskustvo prave budnosti
03:27
for the first time in their lives.
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po prvi puta u svojim životima.
03:29
So, cut to the modern day.
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Prevedeno u moderno vrijeme.
03:31
We're living in a culture of jet lag,
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Mi živimo u kulturi jet leg-a,
03:33
global travel,
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globalnih putovanja,
03:35
24-hour business,
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24-satnih poslova,
03:38
shift work.
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rada u smjenama.
03:41
And you know, our modern ways
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I, znate, naši moderni načini
03:43
of doing things
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djelovanja
03:45
have their advantages,
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imaju svoje prednosti,
03:47
but I believe we should understand the costs.
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ali ja vjerujem kako bismo morali razumijeti i troškove.
03:50
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
03:52
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessa Gamble - WriterJessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture.
Why you should listen
Jessa Gamble is an award-winning writer from Oxford, who lives in the Canadian Subarctic. Now that humanity has spread right to the Earth's poles and adopted a 24-hour business day, Gamble argues that our internal clocks struggle against our urban schedules. Her work documents the rituals surrounding daily rhythms, which along with local languages and beliefs are losing their rich global diversity and succumbing to a kind of circadian imperialism.
A dynamic new voice in popular science, Gamble was awarded a 2007 Science in Society journalism award from the Canadian Science Writers Association for her first-person account of daily life at the Eureka High Arctic Weather Station. She is the author of Siesta and The Midnight Sun: How We Measure and Experience Time.
Jessa Gamble | Speaker | TED.com