TEDGlobal 2010
Jessa Gamble: Our natural sleep cycle is nothing like what we do now
Džesa Gembl: Naš prirodni ciklus spavanja
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
3,071,823 views
U današnjem svetu, balansirajući školu, posao, decu i još mnogo toga, većina nas može samo da se nada preporučenim osam sati spavanja. Ispitujući nauku u pozadini našeg unutrašnjeg sata, Džesa Gembl otkriva iznenađujući i fundamentalan program odmaranja koji bi trebalo da posmatramo.
Jessa Gamble - Writer
Jessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture. Full bio
Jessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Let's start with day and night.
0
1000
2000
Hajde da počnemo sa danom i noći.
00:18
Life evolved under conditions
1
3000
2000
Život je evoluirao pod uslovima
00:20
of light and darkness,
2
5000
2000
svetla i mraka,
00:22
light and then darkness.
3
7000
2000
svetlost, a onda mrak.
00:24
And so plants and animals
4
9000
2000
Biljke i životinje
00:26
developed their own internal clocks
5
11000
2000
su razvile svoje sopstvene unutrašnje satove
00:28
so that they would be ready for these changes in light.
6
13000
2000
da bi bili spremni za ove promene u svetlosti.
00:30
These are chemical clocks,
7
15000
2000
Ovo su hemijski satovi
00:32
and they're found in every known being that has two or more cells
8
17000
3000
i nađeni su u svakom poznatom organizmu koji ima dve ili više ćelija
00:35
and in some that only have one cell.
9
20000
3000
i u nekim koji imaju samo jednu ćeliju.
00:38
I'll give you an example --
10
23000
2000
Daću vam primer.
00:40
if you take a horseshoe crab off the beach,
11
25000
2000
Ako uzmete merostomatu (vrsta krabe) sa plaže
00:42
and you fly it all the way across the continent,
12
27000
2000
i odnesete je na drugu stranu kontinenta
00:44
and you drop it into a sloped cage,
13
29000
3000
i stavite je u kavez sa kosim dnom,
00:47
it will scramble up the floor of the cage
14
32000
2000
ona će se popeti uz pod kaveza
00:49
as the tide is rising
15
34000
2000
kako se plima diže
00:51
on its home shores,
16
36000
2000
na obalama mesta odakle je uzeta,
00:53
and it'll skitter down again right as the water is receding
17
38000
2000
a spustiće se tačno kada se voda spušta
00:55
thousands of miles away.
18
40000
3000
hiljadama milja daleko.
00:58
It'll do this for weeks,
19
43000
2000
To će raditi nedeljama
01:00
until it kind of gradually loses the plot.
20
45000
3000
dok postepeno ne izgubi naviku.
01:03
And it's incredible to watch,
21
48000
2000
To je zanimljivo gledati,
01:05
but there's nothing psychic or paranormal going on;
22
50000
2000
ali nema tu nečeg vidovitog ili paranormalnog,
01:07
it's simply that these crabs have internal cycles
23
52000
3000
samo je to da ove krabe imaju unutrašnje satove
01:10
that correspond, usually, with what's going on around it.
24
55000
3000
koji korespondiraju, obično, sa onim što se događa oko njih.
01:15
So, we have this ability as well.
25
60000
2000
Dakle, mi imamo ovu mogućnost takođe.
01:17
And in humans, we call it the "body clock."
26
62000
3000
I kod čoveka mi ga zovemo telesni sat.
01:20
You can see this most clearly when you take away someone's watch
27
65000
3000
Ovo najjasnije možete videti kada uzmete nekom ručni sat
01:23
and you shut them into a bunker, deep underground,
28
68000
3000
i kada ga zatvorite u bunker, duboko ispod zemlje
01:26
for a couple of months. (Laughter)
29
71000
2000
na nekoliko meseci.
01:28
People actually volunteer for this,
30
73000
2000
Ljudi se, ustvari, dobrovoljno prijavljuju za ovo
01:30
and they usually come out
31
75000
2000
i obično izađu
01:32
kind of raving about their productive time in the hole.
32
77000
2000
pričajući oduševljeno o svom produktivnom vremenu u rupi.
01:34
So, no matter how atypical these subjects would have to be,
33
79000
3000
Dakle, bez obzira koliko su neobični ovi subjekti
01:37
they all show the same thing.
34
82000
2000
svi oni pokazuju istu stvar.
01:39
They get up just a little bit later every day -- say 15 minutes or so --
35
84000
3000
Oni ustaju po malo kasnije svakog dana -- recimo 15 minuta ili tako --
01:42
and they kind of drift all the way around the clock like this
36
87000
3000
i oni, u neku ruku, odstupaju od sata ovako
01:45
over the course of the weeks.
37
90000
2000
tokom nedelja.
01:47
And so, in this way we know that they are working on their own internal clocks,
38
92000
3000
I tako, na ovaj način, mi znamo da oni rade po svojim unutrašnjim satovima,
01:50
rather than somehow sensing the day outside.
39
95000
3000
pre nego da nekako osećaju dan napolju.
01:54
So fine, we have a body clock,
40
99000
2000
Dakle dobro, mi imamo telesni sat
01:56
and it turns out that it's incredibly important in our lives.
41
101000
3000
i kako je ispalo on je veoma važan u našim životima.
01:59
It's a huge driver for culture
42
104000
2000
Veliki je pokretač kulture
02:01
and I think that it's the most underrated force on our behavior.
43
106000
3000
i mislim da je najpotcenjenija sila našeg ponašanja.
02:07
We evolved as a species near the equator,
44
112000
2000
Evoluirali smo kao vrsta blizu ekvatora
02:09
and so we're very well-equipped
45
114000
2000
i tako smo potpuno opremljeni
02:11
to deal with 12 hours of daylight
46
116000
2000
da se nosimo sa 12 sati dnevnog svetla
02:13
and 12 hours of darkness.
47
118000
2000
i 12 sati mraka.
02:15
But of course, we've spread to every corner of the globe
48
120000
2000
Ali naravno, rasprostranili smo se u svaki kutak sveta
02:17
and in Arctic Canada, where I live,
49
122000
2000
i u artičkoj Kanadi, gde ja živim,
02:19
we have perpetual daylight in summer
50
124000
2000
imamo neprestanu dnevnu svetlost leti
02:21
and 24 hours of darkness in winter.
51
126000
3000
i 24 časa mraka zimi.
02:24
So the culture, the northern aboriginal culture,
52
129000
3000
Dakle kultura, severna domorodačka kultura,
02:27
traditionally has been highly seasonal.
53
132000
2000
je tradicionalno bila visoko sezonska.
02:29
In winter, there's a lot of sleeping going on;
54
134000
3000
Zimi se mnogo spava.
02:32
you enjoy your family life inside.
55
137000
2000
Uživaš u porodičnom životu unutra.
02:34
And in summer, it's almost manic hunting
56
139000
3000
A leti, skoro manijakalno lovite
02:37
and working activity very long hours,
57
142000
2000
i radite veoma dugo,
02:39
very active.
58
144000
2000
vrlo aktivno.
02:42
So, what would our natural rhythm look like?
59
147000
2000
Dakle, kako bi izgledao naš prirodni ritam?
02:44
What would our sleeping patterns be
60
149000
3000
Kako bi izgledali naši obrasci spavanja
02:47
in the sort of ideal sense?
61
152000
3000
u idealnom smislu?
02:50
Well, it turns out
62
155000
2000
Ispada da
02:52
that when people are living
63
157000
2000
kada ljudi žive
02:54
without any sort of artificial light at all,
64
159000
2000
bez ikakve vrste veštačkog svetla,
02:56
they sleep twice every night.
65
161000
2000
oni spavaju dva puta svake noći.
02:58
They go to bed around 8:00 p.m.
66
163000
2000
Idu u krevet oko 8 sati uveče
03:00
until midnight
67
165000
2000
do ponoći
03:02
and then again, they sleep
68
167000
2000
i onda opet, spavaju
03:04
from about 2:00 a.m. until sunrise.
69
169000
3000
od otprilike 2 sata ujutru do zore.
03:07
And in-between, they have a couple of hours
70
172000
2000
A između, imaju par sati
03:09
of sort of meditative quiet in bed.
71
174000
3000
neke vrste tihe meditacije u krevetu.
03:12
And during this time,
72
177000
2000
I u toku tog vremena,
03:14
there's a surge of prolactin,
73
179000
2000
dolazi do navale prolaktina
03:16
the likes of which a modern day never sees.
74
181000
3000
kakvu moderan svet nikada ne vidi.
03:19
The people in these studies
75
184000
2000
Ljudi u ovim studijama
03:21
report feeling so awake during the daytime,
76
186000
2000
izveštavaju da se osećaju veoma budno u toku dana
03:23
that they realize
77
188000
2000
da shvataju
03:25
they're experiencing true wakefulness
78
190000
2000
da doživljavaju pravu budnost
03:27
for the first time in their lives.
79
192000
2000
po prvi put u svom životu.
03:29
So, cut to the modern day.
80
194000
2000
Dakle, da pređemo na moderno vreme.
03:31
We're living in a culture of jet lag,
81
196000
2000
Mi živimo u kulturi vremenske dezorijentacije,
03:33
global travel,
82
198000
2000
svetska putovanja,
03:35
24-hour business,
83
200000
3000
24-časovni poslovi,
03:38
shift work.
84
203000
3000
rad u smenama.
03:41
And you know, our modern ways
85
206000
2000
I, znate, naši moderni načini
03:43
of doing things
86
208000
2000
bavljenja stvarima
03:45
have their advantages,
87
210000
2000
imaju svoje prednosti,
03:47
but I believe we should understand the costs.
88
212000
3000
ali ja verujem da treba da razumemo cenu.
03:50
Thank you.
89
215000
2000
Hvala vam.
03:52
(Applause)
90
217000
2000
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessa Gamble - WriterJessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture.
Why you should listen
Jessa Gamble is an award-winning writer from Oxford, who lives in the Canadian Subarctic. Now that humanity has spread right to the Earth's poles and adopted a 24-hour business day, Gamble argues that our internal clocks struggle against our urban schedules. Her work documents the rituals surrounding daily rhythms, which along with local languages and beliefs are losing their rich global diversity and succumbing to a kind of circadian imperialism.
A dynamic new voice in popular science, Gamble was awarded a 2007 Science in Society journalism award from the Canadian Science Writers Association for her first-person account of daily life at the Eureka High Arctic Weather Station. She is the author of Siesta and The Midnight Sun: How We Measure and Experience Time.
Jessa Gamble | Speaker | TED.com