Tim Harford: How frustration can make us more creative
ティム・ハワード: 障害こそが人をクリエイティブにさせる
Tim Harford's writings reveal the economic ideas behind everyday experiences. Full bio
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called Vera Brandes
17歳のドイツ人少女が
of the Cologne Opera House.
of the emergency exit sign.
淡く光るだけでした
exciting day of Vera's life.
concert promoter in Germany,
コンサート主催者でした
the Cologne Opera House
キース・ジャレットの
開く予定でした
to the piano in question,
キースに見せたときに
a little warily,
came over to Vera and said ...
ベラのところに来て言うには
Keith can't play."
キースは演奏できない」
the wrong instrument.
ピアノを提供したのです
tinny upper register,
耳障りで音量も小さく
such as the Cologne Opera House.
大空間は満たせないでしょう
to try to find a replacement piano.
探そうと電話をかけました
と懇願しました
rain-drenched German teenager,
ドイツ人の女の子を見て
onto the stage of the opera house,
オペラハウスのステージに立ち
that something magical was happening.
明らかになりました
those upper registers,
tones of the keyboard,
a soothing, ambient quality.
心地よい音で奏でたのです
repetitive riffs in the bass.
アレンジせねばなりませんでした
pounding down on the keys,
叩きつけるように演奏することで
to reach the people in the back row.
最善をつくしたのです
収録アルバムは
史上最高の売り上げとなり
solo jazz album in history.
史上最高の売り上げとなりました
ひどい状況に置かれましたが
チャンスへと昇華したのです
about Jarrett's initial instinct.
どうだったでしょうか
in any remotely similar situation,
we'd have the same instinct.
人間誰しも同じです
to do good work with bad tools.
言われたくありませんよね
unnecessary hurdles.
乗り越えたいと思いません
間違いでした
間違いだと思います
a bit more appreciation
思いがけない利点があることに
of having to cope with a little mess.
必要があると思います
高めることがあります
to some of their classes.
in something straightforward,
タイムズ・ニュー・ローマンといった
handouts that were formatted
ヘッテン・シュヴァイラー等の癖のある字体や
like Haettenschweiler,
ような風味のあるフォントに
like Comic Sans italicized.
to read the more difficult fonts,
配布物を出された生徒たちのほうが
読む速度が遅くなり
about what they were reading,
has been testing Harvard undergraduates
ハーバード大学の学部生に
of their attentional filters.
測る実験をしました
imagine you're in a restaurant,
あなたがレストランにいて
going on in the restaurant,
会話をしている人たちがいます
on what's important to you.
good, strong attentional filters.
フィルタリング能力をお持ちです
subjects struggled with that.
苦労する人がいました
they had porous filters --
穴だらけなせいで
入ってきてしまう
constantly being interrupted
周囲のあらゆる音や視覚情報に
of the world around them.
while they were doing their essays,
テレビがついていたら
that that was a disadvantage ...
かもしれませんが…
these students had achieved,
creative milestone in their lives,
grists to their creative mill.
創造的な成果が出たのです
because their box was full of holes.
既成概念にとらわれずに考えられたのです
of complicated problems --
a really complicated problem?
作ろうというとき
of different variables,
of problem all in one go,
解決することはできません
is try to solve it step-by-step.
で進めることです
you test it, you improve it.
will eventually get you a good jet engine.
良いジェットエンジンにつながるでしょう
implemented in the world.
実施されています
in high performance cycling,
ウェブデザイナーは
to optimize their web pages,
ページの最適化を語るでしょう
for these step-by-step gains.
to solve a complicated problem.
適した方法だからです
make it a better way?
もっと良い方法になるか?
馬鹿な試みをすることになり
the problem-solving work better.
問題解決の取り組みが向上するのです
gradually down a dead end.
ことがあるからです
that becomes less likely,
そういうことは起こりにくく
becomes more robust.
with some colleagues,
同僚とともに
problems to some students,
were collected in groups of four
with information about a crime --
犯罪情報を記した事件簿—
witness statements and three suspects.
及び3人の容疑者でした
were asked to figure out who did it,
誰が殺し 誰が罪を犯したかの
in this experiment.
2種類のグループが作られました
solved the problem more effectively,
効果的に事件を解決しました
quite a lot more effectively.
of getting the answer right.
50-50's not good.
didn't have any extra information,
わけでもないのに
to accommodate that awkwardness,
会話に変化が起きただけなのに
of finding the right answer.
and the stranger did a better job,
interviewed the groups of four friends,
友人同士のグループに感想を求めたとき
friends and the stranger,
it's rather awkward ...
even though they had.
良い仕事ができたとは言いませんでした
dealing with here.
私たちは独創的になります
getting in the way ...
is really important.
of the world of rock 'n' roll.
he's actually a TED-ster.
彼はTEDにも出演しています
rather brilliant.
rock 'n' roll albums of the last 40 years.
製作の舞台裏を支えてきました
and "The Joshua Tree,"
『ヨシュア・トゥリー』
he's worked with everybody.
アーティストと組んできました
these great rock bands better?
彼は何をしているのか?
混乱させているのです
気まずい他人になることです
the unplayable piano.
いうことです
in which he creates this disruption
使った手法の1つが
deck of cards --
thank you, Brian.
ブライアンに感謝
follow the instructions on the card.
バンドにやらせるのです
Drummer on the piano --
ドラマーはピアノを―
embarrassing details. Amplify them."
細かく吟味して 大きな声で話せ」
unpredictable action. Incorporate."
in album after album.
次々と証明されました
このカードが大嫌いです
on an early Brian Eno album.
ドラムを演奏したフィル・コリンズは
throwing beer cans across the studio.
ビールの缶を投げ散らかしました
カルロス・アロマーは
on David Bowie's "Lodger" album,
ブライアンとの制作中に
he turns to Brian and says,
it was a pretty good album,
now uses The Oblique Strategies.
『オブリーク・ストラテジーズ』を使っています
to use The Oblique Strategies
使うように教えています
doesn't mean it isn't helping you.
それが自身のためにならないわけではないと
weren't a deck of cards originally,
カードセットではなく
you might try if you got stuck.
試すリストとして です
was the least disruptive,
当たり障りのないものを
the stupid experiments,
with the awkward strangers,
if we're going to accept this.
ある種の信念が必要です
from a German teenager,
不憫に思ったにせよ
the unplayable piano.
弾いてみることも必要なのです
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tim Harford - Economist, journalist, broadcasterTim Harford's writings reveal the economic ideas behind everyday experiences.
Why you should listen
In the Undercover Economist column he writes for the Financial Times, Tim Harford looks at familiar situations in unfamiliar ways and explains the fundamental principles of the modern economy. He illuminates them with clear writing and a variety of examples borrowed from daily life.
His book, Adapt: Why Success Always Starts With Failure, argues that the world has become far too unpredictable and complex for today's challenges to be tackled with ready-made solutions and expert opinions. Instead, Harford suggests, we need to learn to embrace failure and to constantly adapt, to improvise rather than plan, to work from the bottom up rather than the top down. His next book, Messy: Thriving in a Tidy-Minded World will be published in September 2016.
Harford also presents the BBC radio series More or Less, a rare broadcast program devoted, as he says, to "the powerful, sometimes beautiful, often abused but ever ubiquitous world of numbers."
He says: "I’d like to see many more complex problems approached with a willingness to experiment."
Tim Harford | Speaker | TED.com