Johann Hari: This could be why you're depressed and anxious
Johann Hari: Pode ser por isso que você esteja deprimido ou ansioso
Johann Hari spent three years researching the war on drugs; along the way, he discovered that addiction is not what we think it is. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
that were hanging over me.
to look into them.
tinha medo de encará-los.
durante toda minha vida...
year after year,
e ansiedade aumentavam
to get through the day?
difícil levantar da cama?
because of a more personal mystery.
porque era uma questão pessoal.
lembro-me de ir ao médico
like pain was leaking out of me.
como se a dor estivesse me consumindo.
bem-intencionada, mas muito simplista,
why people get like this.
por que as pessoas se sentem assim.
a chemical imbalance in their heads --
químico no cérebro,
balance back to normal."
voltará ao normal".
chamada Paxil ou Seroxat,
called Paxil or Seroxat,
in different countries.
diferentes em outros países,
I got a real boost.
o sentimento de dor começou a voltar.
the maximum possible dose
a dose máxima legalmente permitida.
and pretty much all the time by the end,
e praticamente o tempo todo,
"What's going on here?
"O que está acontecendo?
pela cultura dominante,
that's dominating the culture --
of these two mysteries,
para um livro que escrevi,
all over the world,
experts in the world
com especialistas do mundo todo
depression and anxiety
uma saída para o problema
in all sorts of ways.
I got to know along the way.
que conheci ao longo do caminho.
of what I learned is,
evidências científicas
of depression and anxiety.
da depressão e da ansiedade.
more sensitive to these problems,
suscetível a esses problemas,
that can happen when you become depressed
quando se está deprimido,
that have been proven
da depressão e ansiedade
set of solutions
a todas as pessoas,
of chemical antidepressants.
to become depressed.
é mais fácil sentir-se deprimido.
you don't have any control over your job,
não tem controle sobre nada,
into the natural world,
of depression and anxiety
muitas causas da depressão e ansiedade.
que temos necessidades físicas, certo?
physical needs, right?
estaríamos com sérios problemas.
has natural psychological needs.
tem necessidades psicológicas.
has meaning and purpose.
see you and value you.
a future that makes sense.
que temos um futuro pela frente.
is good at lots of things.
than in the past --
estou feliz por viver neste tempo -
underlying psychological needs.
psicológicas latentes.
that's going on,
why this crisis keeps rising and rising.
para essa crise continuar aumentando.
as just a problem in my brain,
apenas como um problema no meu cérebro,
incluindo a maneira como vivemos.
to fall into place for me
a South African psychiatrist
um psiquiatra sul-africano
happened to be in Cambodia in 2001,
chemical antidepressants
had never heard of these drugs,
nunca tinham ouvido falar dessas drogas,
we've already got antidepressants."
nós já temos antidepressivos".
some kind of herbal remedy,
sobre algum tipo de remédio natural,
something like that.
ginkgo biloba, ou algo parecido.
who worked in the rice fields.
que trabalhava nos campos de arroz.
with the United States,
e sua perna foi arrancada.
to work in the rice fields.
a trabalhar nos campos de arroz.
to work under water
com um membro artificial;
where he got blown up.
em que ele perdeu a perna.
recusava-se a sair da cama
of classic depression.
de depressão clássica.
an antidepressant."
"What was it?"
and sat with him.
in the throes of his depression,
no meio da depressão,
understandable causes in his life.
das causas de sua dor.
in the community, figured,
com as pessoas, pensou:
e sairia daquela situação,
that was screwing him up so much,
a trabalhar nos arrozais".
and work in the rice fields."
his crying stopped,
era um antidepressivo, certo?"
that was an antidepressant,
about depression the way I was,
sobre depressão como eu pensava,
parece piada de mau gosto, certo?
e ele me deu uma vaca."
for an antidepressant,
doctors knew intuitively,
sabiam intuitivamente,
unscientific anecdote,
num episódio não científico,
medical body in the world,
evidências científicas.
a machine with broken parts.
com necessidades não atendidas.
about what those Cambodian doctors
no que aqueles médicos cambojanos
are not saying.
to pull yourself together.
and fix this problem on your own."
esse problema sozinho".
to pull together with you,
and fix this problem."
e resolver esse problema".
depressed person deserves.
doctors at the United Nations,
médicos das Nações Unidas,
for World Health Day,
para o Dia Mundial da Saúde,
about chemical imbalances
em desequilíbrios químicos
in the way we live.
na forma como vivemos.
como me ajudaram durante um período,
goes deeper than their biology,
é muito mais complexo que nossa biologia,
ser muito mais complexas.
all the scientific evidence,
entrevistei muitos especialistas",
who were explaining this,"
"Como resolver isso?"
possibly do that?"
than what was going on
do que aquilo que ocorreu
por onde começar?
pelo mundo todo,
who were doing exactly that,
fazendo exatamente isso,
who were understanding
of depression and anxiety
da depressão e ansiedade
about all the amazing people
incríveis que conheci e sobre quem escrevi
e ansiedade que aprendi,
and anxiety that I learned about,
de dez horas, e vocês iam reclamar.
a 10-hour TED Talk --
de concentrar em duas causas
that emerge from them, if that's alright.
in human history.
na história da humanidade.
that asked Americans,
perguntou aos norte-americanos:
close to anyone?"
said that described them.
measurements of loneliness,
are just behind the US,
vêm logo atrás dos EUA,
in the world on loneliness,
mundial em solidão,
named professor John Cacioppo,
John Cacioppo, de Chicago,
his work poses to us.
on the savannas of Africa
nas savanas da África
they took down a lot of the time,
do que os animais que caçavam,
they took down a lot of the time,
at banding together into groups
como espécie, nós nos unimos,
and in fact, in my life,
in a poor part of East London,
pobre do leste de Londres,
porque muitos pacientes
depression and anxiety.
to chemical antidepressants,
ao uso de antidepressivos,
some relief to some people.
and anxious a lot of the time
e ansiosos na maior parte do tempo,
reasons, like loneliness.
compreensível, era a solidão.
were giving some relief to some people,
ajudassem algumas pessoas,
resolviam o problema.
they didn't solve the problem.
to pioneer a different approach.
fazer uma abordagem diferente.
his medical center,
with crippling depression and anxiety
com depressão e ansiedade incapacitantes
she was told, "Don't worry,
disseram: "Não se preocupe,
something else.
to come here to this center twice a week
duas vezes por semana
depressed and anxious people,
deprimidas e ansiosas,
meaningful you can all do together
para fazerem juntos,
like life is pointless."
achando que a vida é inútil".
vomiting with anxiety,
the group started talking,
suas costas, perguntando:
East London people like me,
e não sabiam nada sobre jardinagem.
havia um matagal atrás dos consultórios -
learn gardening?"
behind the doctors' offices
e a assistir clipes no YouTube.
out of the library,
their fingers in the soil.
the rhythms of the seasons.
de que a exposição à natureza
even more important.
ainda mais importante.
looking for them -- "Are you OK?"
what was troubling them that day.
social prescribing,
é conhecida por toda a Europa.
but growing body of evidence
and meaningful falls
standing in the garden
por Lisa e seus amigos,
friends had built --
comecei a pensar,
called professor Hugh Mackay in Australia.
Hugh Mackay, da Austrália:
when people feel down in this culture,
em nossa cultura,
everyone here said it, I have --
todos aqui já disseram, é:
to be you, be yourself."
what we should say to people is,
more and more on your resources
como um indivíduo isolado -
with something bigger than you.
to one of the other causes
that I wanted to talk to you about.
que gostaria de comentar.
and made us physically sick.
e isso nos deixou fisicamente doentes.
with any sense of superiority,
this talk from McDonald's.
healthy TED breakfast, I was like no way.
um café da manhã saudável no TED.
our diets and made us physically sick,
nos deixaram fisicamente doentes,
have taken over our minds
assumiram nossas mentes,
philosophers have said,
and status and showing off,
é só dinheiro, status e ostentação,
from Schopenhauer,
mas é a essência do que ele disse.
tinha investigado isso cientificamente,
had scientifically investigated this,
I got to know, named professor Tim Kasser,
o professor Tim Kasser,
for about 30 years now.
há cerca de 30 anos.
several really important things.
várias coisas muito importantes.
your way out of sadness,
depressed and anxious.
deprimido e ansioso.
much more driven by these beliefs.
muito mais suscetíveis a essas crenças.
and Instagram and everything like them.
Instagram e tudo o mais.
since birth, a kind of KFC for the soul.
por uma espécie de KFC para a alma.
in all the wrong places,
a felicidade nos lugares errados
suprem necessidades nutricionais
doesn't meet your nutritional needs
your psychological needs,
nossas necessidades psicológicas,
with professor Kasser
com o professor Kasser,
I found this really challenging.
in my own life, when I felt down,
quando estava triste,
show-offy, grand external solution.
buscando uma solução externa grandiosa.
did not work well for me.
isn't this kind of obvious?
vai se deitar no leito de morte
on your deathbed
que comprou e os retuítes que recebeu,
and all the retweets you got,
de amor, significado e conexão,
and connection in your life.
to professor Kasser and saying,
this strange doubleness?"
we all know these things.
todos sabemos essas coisas,
we don't live by them."
não vivemos segundo elas.
they've become clichés,
mas não vivemos segundo elas".
something so profound,
a razão de sabermos algo tão profundo
professor Kasser said to me,
o professor Kasser respondeu:
what is important about life."
o que é importante na vida".
projetada para negligenciar
to neglect what is important about life."
if we can disrupt that machine.
se poderíamos sabotar essa máquina.
to try this with their friends and family.
isso com seus amigos e familiares.
estimulou adolescentes e adultos
he got a group of teenagers and adults
over a period of time, to meet up.
durante um período de tempo.
about a moment in their life
sobre um momento em suas vidas
meaning and purpose.
significado e propósito.
it was different things.
coisas diferentes.
writing, helping someone --
escrever, ajudar alguém...
can picture something, right?
podem pensar em algo, certo?
was to get people to ask,
as pessoas a se perguntarem:
more of your life
of meaning and purpose,
e propósitos significativos,
buying crap you don't need,
bobagens de que não precisamos,
and trying to get people to go,
para os outros dizerem: 'Que inveja!'?"
foi que, apenas com essas reuniões,
for consumerism, right?
para consumistas,
articulate these values,
articular esses valores,
and check in with each other,
e se conectar aos outros
nos valores pessoais.
of depression-generating messages
de mensagens geradoras de depressão,
in the wrong places,
nos lugares errados,
and nourishing values
significativos e gratificantes
and have written about,
e sobre as quais escrevi,
to see these insights?
e algumas são mais complicadas que outras,
complicated, but not all --
it's not like rocket science, right?
know these things.
that we have to change our understanding
mudar nosso entendimento
and anxiety actually are.
biological contributions
para a depressão e a ansiedade.
to become the whole picture,
seja a principal responsável,
- e a cultura também faz pensar assim -,
has done pretty much most of my life,
is, and this isn't anyone's intention,
às pessoas, e não é nossa intenção,
saying to people is,
implicitamente é:
num programa de computador,
soltos na sua cabeça".
changing my life
is not a malfunction.
não é um mau funcionamento.
no meio duma depressão.
in the throes of depression --
from personal experience.
por experiência própria.
we can understand these problems
compreender esses problemas
or madness or purely biological,
ou loucura, ou puramente biológicos,
listening to these signals,
something we really need to hear.
o que precisamos ouvir.
listen to these signals,
ouvirmos esses sinais,
and respect these signals,
deeper solutions.
saudáveis e profundas:
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Johann Hari - JournalistJohann Hari spent three years researching the war on drugs; along the way, he discovered that addiction is not what we think it is.
Why you should listen
British journalist Johann Hari is the author of the New York Times best-selling book Chasing The Scream, from which his talk on addiction was adapted and for which he spent three years researching the war on drugs and questioning the ways in which we treat addiction.
He has written for many of the world’s leading newspapers and magazines, including The New York Times, Le Monde, The Guardian, New Republic, The Nation, Slate.com, and The Sydney Morning Herald. He was a columnist for the British newspaper The Independent for nine years.
Hari was twice named National Newspaper Journalist of the Year by Amnesty International, was named Gay Journalist of the Year at the Stonewall Awards -- and won the Martha Gellhorn Prize for political writing.
Johann Hari | Speaker | TED.com