TEDxMidwest
Jason Fried: Why work doesn't happen at work
Jason Fried: O tom, prečo v práci nedochádza k práci
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Jason Fried má prevratnú teóriu, že kancelária nie je tým najlepším miestom na prácu. Na TEDxMidwest poukazuje na problémy (nazýva ich M&Ms) a ponúka tri návrhy na podnietenie práce.
Jason Fried - Software entrepreneur
Jason Fried thinks deeply about collaboration, productivity and the nature of work. He's the co-founder of 37signals, makers of Basecamp and other web-based collaboration tools, and co-author of "Rework." Full bio
Jason Fried thinks deeply about collaboration, productivity and the nature of work. He's the co-founder of 37signals, makers of Basecamp and other web-based collaboration tools, and co-author of "Rework." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So I'm going to talk about work,
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Budem rozprávať o práci,
00:17
specifically why people can't seem
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a hlavne o tom, prečo sa zdá tak ťažké
00:19
to get work done at work,
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pracovať v práci,
00:21
which is a problem we all kind of have.
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čo je problém, ktorý máme v podstate všetci.
00:24
But let's, sort of, start at the beginning.
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Ale začnime po poriadku.
00:26
So we have companies and non-profits and charities
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Máme tu firmy, neziskové organizácie, charity
00:29
and all these groups
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a všetky tieto inštitúcie,
00:31
that have employees
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ktoré majú zamestnancov
00:33
or volunteers of some sort.
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alebo dobrovoľníkov.
00:35
And they expect these people who work for them
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A očakávajú od nich
00:38
to do great work --
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poriadne odvedenú prácu.
00:40
I would hope, at least.
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Teda, aspoň dúfam.
00:42
At least good work, hopefully, at least it's good work --
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Dúfajme, že aspoň dobrú prácu --
00:44
hopefully great work.
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keď nie skvelú prácu.
00:46
And so what they typically do is they decide
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A čo následne spravia, je, že sa rozhodnú
00:48
that all these people need to come together in one place
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všetkých týchto ľudí dostať na jedno miesto,
00:50
to do that work.
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aby mohli pracovať.
00:52
So a company, or a charity, or an organization of any kind,
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Firmy, charity, či iné organizácie
00:55
they typically -- unless you're working in Africa,
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typicky -- teda pokiaľ nemáte to šťastie
00:57
if you're really lucky to do that --
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a nepracujete v Afrike --
00:59
most people have to go to an office every day.
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nás nútia chodiť do kancelárie každý deň.
01:01
And so these companies,
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A tak tieto spoločnosti
01:03
they build offices.
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stavajú kancelárie.
01:05
They go out and they buy a building, or they rent a building,
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Alebo sa rozhodnú kúpiť si alebo prenajať si budovu
01:08
or they lease some space,
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alebo niektoré jej priestory.
01:10
and they fill the space with stuff.
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A následne vyplnia tieto priestory rôznymi vecami.
01:13
They fill it with tables, or desks,
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Stolami, stoličkami,
01:16
chairs, computer equipment,
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počítačovým vybavením,
01:18
software,
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softvérom,
01:20
Internet access,
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pripojením na internet,
01:22
maybe a fridge, maybe a few other things,
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niekedy chladničkou, a možno ďalšími vecami,
01:25
and they expect their employees, or their volunteers,
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a očakávajú od svojich zamestnancov a dobrovoľníkov,
01:27
to come to that location every day to do great work.
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že tam budú dochádzať každý deň, aby odviedli dobrú prácu.
01:30
It seems like it's perfectly reasonable to ask that.
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Javí sa to ako celkom logické.
01:33
However, if you actually talk to people
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Ale keď sa s niekým bavíte,
01:35
and even question yourself,
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alebo sa spýtate
01:37
and you ask yourself,
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sami seba,
01:39
where do you really want to go when you really need to get something done?
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kde by ste chceli ísť, ak by ste nutne potrebovali niečo urobiť?
01:42
You'll find out that people don't say
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tak zistíte, že ľudia nevravia,
01:44
what businesses think they would say.
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čo si firmy myslia, že povedia.
01:46
If you ask people the question: where do you really need to go
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Ak sa opýtate ľudí: Kam by ste šli,
01:48
when you need to get something done?
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ak by ste potrebovali niečo urobiť?
01:50
Typically you get three different kinds of answers.
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Obvykle sa vám dostane troch rozdielnych odpovedí.
01:52
One is kind of a place or a location or a room.
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Buď je to určité miesto, priestor alebo izba.
01:55
Another one is a moving object
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Alebo pohyblivý objekt.
01:57
and a third is a time.
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A to poslednou je čas.
01:59
So here's some examples.
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Tu je nejaký príklad.
02:01
When I ask people -- and I've been asking people this question for about 10 years --
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Keď sa pýtam ľudí -- a pýtam sa ich na to už posledných 10 rokov --
02:04
I ask them, "Where do you go when you really need to get something done?"
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pýtam sa, "Kam chodíte, ak potrebujete niečo urobiť?"
02:06
I'll hear things like, the porch, the deck,
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A dostávam odpovede ako na verandu, na terasu,
02:09
the kitchen.
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do kuchyne,
02:11
I'll hear things like an extra room in the house,
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do hosťovskej izby,
02:13
the basement,
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do pivnice,
02:15
the coffee shop, the library.
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do kaviarne alebo do knižnice.
02:18
And then you'll hear things like the train,
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Niekto odpovie, že do vlaku,
02:21
a plane, a car -- so, the commute.
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lietadla, auta, čiže pri cestovaní.
02:24
And then you'll hear people say,
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A potom tu máme ľudí, ktorí vravia,
02:26
"Well, it doesn't really matter where I am,
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"Nezáleží na tom, kde som,
02:28
as long as it's really early in the morning or really late at night or on the weekends."
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ale musí byť skoro ráno, alebo neskoro v noci alebo víkend.
02:31
You almost never hear someone say the office.
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Takmer nikto vám nepovie do kancelárie.
02:34
But businesses are spending all this money on this place called the office,
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Napriek tomu firmy míňajú kopec peňazí na tieto priestory, ktoré nazývame kancelárie,
02:37
and they're making people go to it all the time,
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a nútia tam ľudí chodiť,
02:39
yet people don't do work in the office.
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i keď ľudia v kanceláriách nepracujú.
02:42
What is that about?
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K čomu to je teda dobré?
02:44
Why is that?
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Prečo?
02:46
Why is that happening?
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Prečo je tomu tak?
02:49
And what you find out is that, if you dig a little bit deeper,
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A pri hlbšej analýze zistíte,
02:51
you find out that people --
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zistíte, že ľudia --
02:53
this is what happens --
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a toto sa deje --
02:55
people go to work,
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ľudia chodia do práce,
02:57
and they're basically trading in their workday
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a v podstate zamieňajú svoj pracovný deň
02:59
for a series of "work moments."
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za akési krátke úseky práce.
03:01
That's what happens at the office.
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A to sa deje v kancelárii.
03:03
You don't have a workday anymore. You have work moments.
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Už v podstate nemáte pracovný deň, ale pracovné momenty.
03:05
It's like the front door of the office is like a Cuisinart,
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Je to akoby dvere do kancelárie boli akýmsi mixérom,
03:08
and you walk in and your day is shredded to bits,
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a ak nimi vojdete, tak sa váš deň rozdrví na kusy,
03:10
because you have 15 minutes here and 30 minutes there,
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pretože robíte 15 minút toto, 30 minút tamto,
03:13
and then something else happens and you're pulled off your work,
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potom sa stane niečo, čo vás odtrhne od práce,
03:15
and you've got to do something else, then you have 20 minutes, then it's lunch.
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musíte spraviť niečo iné, ostane vám 20 minút a ani neviete ako a je čas na obed.
03:18
Then you have something else to do.
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Potom máte zase niečo iného na práci,
03:20
Then you've got 15 minutes, and someone pulls you aside and asks you this question,
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ani nie 15 minút, a už si vás niekto berie bokom, aby sa na niečo opýtal.
03:23
and before you know it, it's 5 p.m.,
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A skôr než sa nazdáte je koniec pracovnej doby,
03:26
and you look back on the day,
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a keď sa pozriete späť na deň,
03:28
and you realize that you didn't get anything done.
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uvedomíte si, že ste vlastne dnes nič nespravili.
03:30
I mean, we've all been through this.
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Myslím, že tento pocit všetci dobre poznáme.
03:32
We probably went through it yesterday,
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Pravdepodobne sa nám to stalo včera,
03:34
or the day before, or the day before that.
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predvčerom alebo deň predtým.
03:36
You look back on your day, and you're like, I got nothing done today.
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Dívate sa spätne na svoj deň, a vravíte si,"Dnes som nič nespravil".
03:39
I was at work.
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Bol som v práci.
03:41
I sat at my desk. I used my expensive computer.
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Sedel som za stolom. Používal som svoj drahý počítač,
03:44
I used the software they told me to use.
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a pracoval so softvérom, ako mi bolo povedané.
03:46
I went to these meetings I was asked to go to.
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Bol som na všetkých poradách.
03:49
I did these conference calls. I did all this stuff.
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Absolvoval som som konferenčné hovory. Spravil som toto všetko.
03:51
But I didn't actually do anything.
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Ale v skutočnosti som nič nespravil.
03:54
I just did tasks.
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Iba som plnil úlohy.
03:56
I didn't actually get meaningful work done.
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Nič zmysluplného som nespravil.
03:58
And what you find is that, especially with creative people --
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A čo zistíte, hlavne u kreatívnych ľudí --
04:01
designers, programmers,
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u dizajnérov, programátorov,
04:03
writers, engineers,
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spisovateľov, inžinierov,
04:05
thinkers --
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mysliteľov --
04:07
that people really need
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je to, že títo ľudia potrebujú
04:09
long stretches of uninterrupted time to get something done.
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dlhé úseky nikým a ničím nerušeného času, aby niečo spravili.
04:12
You cannot ask somebody to be creative in 15 minutes
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Nemôžete od niekoho očakávať, aby bol kreatívny za 15 minút
04:15
and really think about a problem.
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a pritom skutočne popremýšľal nad problémom.
04:17
You might have a quick idea,
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Môžete mať akú takú predstavu,
04:19
but to be in deep thought about a problem and really consider a problem carefully,
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ale na to, aby ste o probléme dôkladne popremýšľali a zvážili ho,
04:22
you need long stretches of uninterrupted time.
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tak na to potrebujete dlhšie úseky ničím nerušeného času.
04:25
And even though the workday is typically eight hours,
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A i keď pracovný deň má osem hodín,
04:28
how many people here have ever had eight hours to themselves at the office?
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koľko z vás vôbec zažilo v kancelárii osem nerušených hodín?
04:31
How about seven hours?
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A čo sedem hodín?
04:33
Six? Five? Four?
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Šesť? Päť? Štyri?
04:36
When's the last time you had three hours to yourself at the office?
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Kedy ste mali naposledy tri hodiny len pre seba?
04:39
Two hours? One, maybe?
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Dve hodiny? Jedna, možno.
04:41
Very, very few people actually have
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Len veľmi malo ľudí má,
04:43
long stretches of uninterrupted time at an office.
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pri práci v kancelárii, dlhšie ničím nerušené úseky.
04:46
And this is why people choose to do work at home,
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A preto si ľudia často berú prácu domov,
04:49
or they might go to the office,
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alebo ak už idú do kancelárie,
04:51
but they might go to the office really early in the day,
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tak buď skoro ráno,
04:53
or late at night when no one's around,
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alebo neskoro večer, keď tam už nikto nie je.
04:55
or they stick around after everyone's left, or they go in on the weekends,
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Prípadne sa tam ešte zdržia po tom, čo všetci odišli, alebo tam pracujú cez víkendy.
04:58
or they get work done on the plane,
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Iní zase pracujú v lietadle,
05:00
or they get work done in the car or in the train
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v aute, či vo vlaku,
05:02
because there are no distractions.
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pretože tam ich nič neruší.
05:04
Now, there are different kinds of distractions,
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Alebo ich tam niečo ruší,
05:06
but there aren't the really bad kinds of distractions
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ale nič tak strašného,
05:08
that I'll talk about in just a minute.
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v porovnaní s tým, o čom budem čoskoro rozprávať.
05:10
And this sort of whole phenomenon
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A celý tento fenomén,
05:12
of having short bursts of time to get things done
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kedy máme krátke časové úseky, aby sme niečo spravili,
05:14
reminds me of another thing
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mi pripomína inú vec,
05:16
that doesn't work when you're interrupted,
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ktorá tiež nefunguje, ak vám vyrušia,
05:18
and that is sleep.
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a tým je spánok.
05:20
I think that sleep and work are very closely related,
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Myslím, že spánok a práca majú veľa spoločného.
05:22
and it's not just that you can work while you're sleeping
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A nie je to len tým, že môžete pracovať počas spánku,
05:24
and you can sleep while you're working.
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a spať počas práce.
05:26
That's not really what I mean.
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To nemám na mysli.
05:28
I'm talking specifically about the fact
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Rozprávam o tom,
05:30
that sleep and work
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že spánok a práca
05:32
are phased-based,
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sú fázové deje,
05:34
or stage-based, events.
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respektívne stupňovité deje.
05:37
So sleep is about sleep phases, or stages --
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Spánok je o fázach alebo stupňoch --
05:40
some people call them different things.
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každý im vraví inak.
05:42
There's five of them,
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Celkovo ich je päť,
05:44
and in order to get to the really deep ones, the really meaningful ones,
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a aby ste sa dostali do tých hlbších, najdôležitejších fáz,
05:47
you have to go through the early ones.
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musíte prejsť aj tými predošlými.
05:49
And if you're interrupted while you're going through the early ones --
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A ak vás vyrušia, kým prechádzate prvotnými fázami --
05:51
if someone bumps you in bed,
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či už vás niekto udrie v posteli,
05:53
or if there's a sound, or whatever happens --
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alebo kvôli hluku, či čomukoľvek inému --
05:56
you don't just pick up where you left off.
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tak obvykle nepokračujete tam, kde ste skončili.
05:58
If you're interrupted and woken up,
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Ak ste bol prerušený a zobudíte sa,
06:00
you have to start again.
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tak musíte začať odznova.
06:02
So you have to go back a few phases and start again.
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Čo znamená, že sa vrátite o niekoľko fáz späť a začínate odznova.
06:05
And what ends up happening -- sometimes you might have days like this
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A čo sa bežne stáva je, že niekedy mávate dni,
06:07
where you wake up at eight in the morning, or seven in the morning,
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kedy sa prebudíte o ôsmej ráno, alebo o siedmej,
06:09
or whenever you get up,
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kedykoľvek vstávate,
06:11
and you're like, man, I didn't really sleep very well.
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a poviete si, človeče, dnes som sa veľmi dobre nevyspal.
06:13
I did the sleep thing -- I went to bed, I laid down --
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Všetko som robil správne -- šiel som do postele, ľahol som si --
06:16
but I didn't really sleep.
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ale v skutočnosti som nespal.
06:18
People say you go to sleep,
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Vravíme, že chodíme spať,
06:21
but you really don't go to sleep, you go towards sleep.
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ale v skutočnosti tomu tak nie je, chodíme naproti spánku.
06:23
It just takes a while. You've got to go through these phases and stuff,
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Chvíľu to totiž trvá, kým prejdeme všetkými týmito fázami.
06:26
and if you're interrupted, you don't sleep well.
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A ak vás niečo preruší, tak sa dobre nevyspíte.
06:28
So how do we expect -- does anyone here expect someone to sleep well
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Takže ako môžeme očakávať -- očakával by niekto, že sa dobre vyspí,
06:30
if they're interrupted all night?
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ak ho celú noc bude niečo budiť?
06:32
I don't think anyone would say yes.
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Nemyslím si.
06:34
Why do we expect people to work well
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Prečo teda očakávame od ľudí, že budú pracovať dobre,
06:36
if they're being interrupted all day at the office?
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ak sú v kancelárii počas dňa ustavične vyrušovaní?
06:38
How can we possibly expect people to do their job
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Ako môžeme vôbec očakávať od ľudí, že si budú robiť svoju prácu,
06:41
if they're going to the office to be interrupted?
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ak tam v podstate chodia, aby ich niekto vyrušoval?
06:43
That doesn't really seem like it makes a lot of sense to me.
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To nedáva zmysel.
06:46
So what are these interruptions that happen at the office
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A s akými druhmi vyrušovania, s ktorými sa stretávame v kancelárii,
06:48
that don't happen at other places?
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sa inde nestretneme?
06:50
Because in other places, you can have interruptions,
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I inde vás totiž môže niečo rušiť,
06:52
like, you can have the TV,
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ako povedzme televízia,
06:54
or you could go for a walk,
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alebo sa môžete ísť prejsť,
06:56
or there's a fridge downstairs,
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či dole máte chladničku,
06:58
or you've got your own couch, or whatever you want to do.
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alebo vlastnú pohovku, proste čokoľvek, čo chcete robiť.
07:01
And if you talk to certain managers,
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A ak sa rozprávate s manažérmi,
07:03
they'll tell you that they don't want their employees to work at home
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tak vám obvykle povedia, že nechcú, aby ich zamestnanci pracovali doma,
07:06
because of these distractions.
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hlavne kvôli týmto rušivým vplyvom.
07:08
They'll also say --
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Niekedy taktiež
07:10
sometimes they'll also say,
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vravia:
07:12
"Well, if I can't see the person, how do I know they're working?"
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"Ako môžem vedieť, či daná osoba pracuje, ak ju nevidím?",
07:14
which is ridiculous, of course, but that's one of the excuses that managers give.
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čo je samozrejme ďalšia absurdná výhovorka, ktorú nám manažéri dávajú.
07:17
And I'm one of these managers.
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A to som jeden z nich.
07:19
I understand. I know how this goes.
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A chápem ich. Viem, ako to chodí.
07:21
We all have to improve on this sort of thing.
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Všetci musíme na sebe zapracovať.
07:23
But oftentimes they'll cite distractions.
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Manažéri ale často uvádzajú:
07:25
"I can't let someone work at home.
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"Nemôžem nechať niekoho pracovať doma.
07:27
They'll watch TV. They'll do this other thing."
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Bude pozerať televíziu. Bude robiť niečo iné."
07:29
It turns out that those aren't the things that are really distracting.
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Ukázalo sa ale, že tieto veci nerušia od práce tak, ako sme si mysleli.
07:32
Because those are voluntary distractions.
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Pretože sú to dobrovoľné rozptýlenia.
07:34
You decide when you want to be distracted by the TV.
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Je na vás, či sa necháte rozptýliť televíziou,
07:36
You decide when you want to turn something on.
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vy sa rozhodnete, či si niečo zapnete
07:38
You decide when you want to go downstairs or go for a walk.
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alebo zídete dole, alebo pôjdete na prechádzku.
07:41
At the office, most of the interruptions and distractions
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Naproti tomu v kancelárii je väčšina rozptyľovania,
07:43
that really cause people not to get work done
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kvôli ktorému ľudia nepracujú,
07:45
are involuntary.
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nedobrovoľná.
07:47
So let's go through a couple of those.
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Pár si ich teda prejdeme.
07:50
Now, managers and bosses
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Manažéri a šéfovia
07:52
will often have you think that the real distractions at work
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často tvrdia, že od práce vás najviac vyrušuje
07:55
are things like Facebook and Twitter
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Facebook, Twitter,
07:58
and YouTube and other websites,
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Youtube a podobné stránky.
08:01
and in fact, they'll go so far
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Až to dôjde k tomu,
08:03
as to actually ban these sites at work.
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že ich zakážu používať v práci.
08:05
Some of you may work at places where you can't get to these certain sites.
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Možno, že niektorí z vás sa už v práci na ne nedostanú.
08:08
I mean, is this China? What the hell is going on here?
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Nie sme snáď v Číne, či áno? Čo to má znamenať?
08:11
You can't go to a website at work,
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Nemôžete surfovať v práci,
08:13
and that's the problem, that's why people aren't getting work done,
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to je ten problém, prečo ľudia nepracujú,
08:15
because they're going to Facebook and they're going to Twitter?
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pretože chodia na Facebook alebo Twitter.
08:17
That's kind of ridiculous. It's a total decoy.
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To je trochu smiešne a úplne mimo.
08:22
And today's Facebook and Twitter and YouTube,
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Facebook, Twitter a Youtube sú len
08:24
these things are just modern-day smoke breaks.
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novodobými náhradami fajčiarskych prestávok.
08:27
No one cared about letting people take a smoke break for 15 minutes
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Pred desiatimi rokmi by nikomu nevadilo nechať niekoho ísť
08:29
10 years ago,
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na 15 minút na cigaretu,
08:31
so why does everyone care about someone going to Facebook here and there,
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tak prečo teraz každý rieši pár minút na Facebooku,
08:33
or Twitter here and there, or YouTube here and there?
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alebo chvíľku strávenú tweetovaním, či na Youtube?
08:35
Those aren't the real problems in the office.
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To nie sú hlavné dôvody rozptýlenia v kancelárii.
08:38
The real problems are what I like to call
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Skutočnými príčinami, ako ich ja nazývam,
08:40
the M&Ms,
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sú M&M's,
08:42
the Managers and the Meetings.
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manažéri a mítingy.
08:44
Those are the real problems in the modern office today.
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To sú dnes skutočné problémy v moderných kanceláriách.
08:47
And this is why things don't get done at work --
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Kvôli ním sa v práci
08:50
it's because of the M&Ms.
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nepracuje.
08:52
Now what's interesting is,
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Zaujímavé ale je,
08:54
if you listen to all the places that people talk about doing work --
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že na všetkých tých miestach, kde ľudia pracujú --
08:57
like at home, or in a car, or on a plane,
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ako doma, v aute, v lietadle,
08:59
or late at night, or early in the morning --
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neskoro v noci, či skoro ráno --
09:01
you don't find managers and meetings.
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všade tam nie sú ani manažéri, ani mítingy.
09:03
You find a lot of other distractions, but you don't find managers and meetings.
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Ruší ich mnoho iných veci, ale ani jednou z nich nie sú manažéri, či mítingy.
09:06
So these are the things that you don't find elsewhere,
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Inde na nich nenarazíte,
09:09
but you do find at the office.
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iba v kancelárii.
09:12
And managers are basically people
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Manažéri sú v podstate ľudia,
09:14
whose job it is to interrupt people.
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ktorých prácou je prerušovať ľudí v práci.
09:16
That's pretty much what managers are for. They're for interrupting people.
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Od toho tu sú manažéri, aby rušili ľudí.
09:19
They don't really do the work,
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V skutočnosti vlastne nepracujú,
09:21
so they have to make sure everyone else is doing the work, which is an interruption.
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takže kontrolujú, či tí ostatní pracujú, a tým ich vyrušujú.
09:24
And we have a lot of managers in the world now,
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Na svete máme veľa manažérov,
09:26
and there's a lot of people in the world now,
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a taktiež dosť ľudí.
09:28
and there's a lot of interruptions in the world now because of these managers.
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Manažéri v dnešnej dobe teda rušia pri práci celý svet.
09:30
They have to check in: "Hey, how's it going?
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Stále zisťujú: "Hej, ako to ide?
09:32
Show me what's up," and this sort of thing
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Ukáž mi, čo robíš, " a podobne.
09:34
and they keep interrupting you at the wrong time,
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A stále vyrušujú v tú najnevhodnejšiu dobu,
09:36
while you're actually trying to do something they're paying you to do,
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keď sa snažíte robiť niečo, za čo ste platený,
09:39
they tend to interrupt you.
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a vtedy sa objavia.
09:41
That's kind of bad.
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To je zlé.
09:43
But what's even worse is the thing that managers do most of all,
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Ale čo je ešte horšie, je to, čo manažéri robia zo všetkého najviac,
09:46
which is call meetings.
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organizujú mítingy.
09:48
And meetings are just toxic,
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A mítingy sú proste toxické,
09:50
terrible, poisonous things
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príšerné a zhubné záležitosti
09:53
during the day at work.
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počas pracovného dňa.
09:55
We all know this to be true,
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Všetci vieme, že tak to je.
09:58
and you would never see a spontaneous meeting called by employees.
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A nikdy neuvidíte spontánny míting zvolaný zamestnancami,
10:00
It doesn't work that way.
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tak to proste nefunguje.
10:02
The manager calls the meeting
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Manažér zvolá míting,
10:04
so the employees can all come together,
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zamestnanci za pekne zídu,
10:06
and it's an incredibly disruptive thing to do to people --
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a je to úplne bezohľadné urobiť niečo také ľudom,
10:08
is to say, "Hey look,
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povedať, "Hej pozrite,
10:10
we're going to bring 10 people together right now and have a meeting.
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stretneme sa tu desiati, aby sme niečo prejednali.
10:13
I don't care what you're doing.
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Je mi jedno, čo práve robíte.
10:15
Just, you've got to stop doing what you're doing, so you can have this meeting."
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Proste to prestaňte robiť, a dostavte sa."
10:18
I mean, what are the chances that all 10 people are ready to stop?
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Aká je pravdepodobnosť, že všetci títo desiati s tým súhlasia?
10:21
What if they're thinking about something important?
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Čo ak zrovna premýšľajú nad niečím dôležitým?
10:23
What if they're doing important work?
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Čo ak robia niečo dôležité?
10:25
All of a sudden you're telling them that they have to stop doing that
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Zrazu im hovoríte, že majú prestať pracovať,
10:27
to do something else.
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a ísť robiť niečo iné.
10:29
So they go into a meeting room, they get together,
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Takže sa dostavia na schôdzu,
10:32
and they talk about stuff that doesn't really matter usually.
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a bavia sa o veciach, na ktorých zvyčajne nezáleží.
10:35
Because meetings aren't work.
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Pretože mítingy nie sú prácou.
10:37
Meetings are places to go to talk about things you're supposed to be doing later.
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Sú miestom, kde sa dohadujeme, čo treba urobiť neskôr.
10:40
But meetings also procreate.
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Mítingy sa ale množia.
10:42
So one meeting tends to lead to another meeting
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Jeden míting vedie k ďalšiemu,
10:44
and tends to lead to another meeting.
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ten k ďalšiemu, a tak ďalej.
10:46
There's often too many people in the meetings,
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Na mítingoch býva obvykle veľa ľudí,
10:48
and they're very, very expensive to the organization.
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a to nehovorím o tom, že sú celkom drahé.
10:51
Companies often think of a one-hour meeting as a one-hour meeting,
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Spoločnosti si často myslia, že jeden hodinový míting je jeden hodinový míting,
10:54
but that's not true, unless there's only one person in that meeting.
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ale to by bola pravda, pokiaľ sa ho zúčastní len jedna osoba.
10:57
If there are 10 people in the meeting, it's a 10-hour meeting; it's not a one-hour meeting.
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Ak tam máme 10 ľudí, tak to je 10 hodinový míting, a nie jednohodinový.
11:00
It's 10 hours of productivity taken from the rest of the organization
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To predstavuje 10 hodín produktivity, o ktoré príde firma,
11:03
to have this one one-hour meeting,
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kvôli jednohodinovému mítingu,
11:05
which probably should have been handled by two or three people
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ktorý by pravdepodobne zvládli dvaja, traja ľudia
11:08
talking for a few minutes.
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za pár minút.
11:10
But instead, there's a long scheduled meeting,
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Ale namiesto toho sa dopredu naplánuje míting,
11:12
because meetings are scheduled the way software works,
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ktoré sú plánované podľa toho, ako je nastavený softvér,
11:15
which is in increments of 15 minutes, or 30 minutes, or an hour.
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v 15 minútových, 30 minútových alebo hodinových intervaloch.
11:18
You don't schedule an eight-hour meeting with Outlook.
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V Outlooku si osemhodinový míting nenaplánujete.
11:20
You can't. I don't even know if you can.
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Ani vlastne neviem, či to je možné.
11:22
You can go 15 minutes or 30 minutes or 45 minutes or an hour.
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Môžete zvoliť 15, 30, 45 minút, alebo hodinu.
11:25
And so we tend to fill these times up
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Vypĺňame tieto časové intervaly,
11:27
when things should really go really quickly.
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práve vtedy, keď je potrebné, aby veci šli rýchlejšie.
11:29
So meetings and managers are two major problems in businesses today,
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Takže mítingy a manažéri predstavujú dva hlavné problémy v dnešnom biznise,
11:32
especially to offices.
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hlavne čo sa týka kancelárií.
11:34
These things don't exist outside of the office.
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A nikde inde než v kancelárii sa s nimi nestretneme.
11:37
So I have some suggestions
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Mám teda niekoľko návrhov,
11:39
to remedy the situation.
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ako to dať do poriadku.
11:42
What can managers do --
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Čo môžu manažéri robiť --
11:44
enlightened managers, hopefully --
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vzdelaní manažéri --
11:46
what can they do to make the office a better place for people to work,
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čo môžu urobiť, aby z kancelárie spravili lepšie miesto na prácu,
11:49
so it's not the last resort, but it's the first resort?
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a nie poslednú možnosť, ale tú prvú?
11:52
It's that people start to say,
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Aby ľudia začali vravieť,
11:54
"When I really want to get stuff done, I go to the office."
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"Keď chcem skutočne pracovať, tak idem do kancelárie."
11:56
Because the offices are well equipped,
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I napriek tomu, že kancelárie sú dobre vybavené,
11:58
everything should be there for them to do their work,
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a malo by tam byť všetko potrebné k práci,
12:00
but they don't want to go there right now, so how do we change that?
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tak i napriek tomu tam ľudia momentálne neradi chodia, takže ako to môžeme zmeniť?
12:03
I have three suggestions I'll share with you guys.
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Mám tri návrhy, s ktorými sa podelím.
12:05
I have about three minutes, so that'll fit perfectly.
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Mám ešte tri minúty, to je tak akurát.
12:08
We've all heard of the casual Friday thing.
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Všetci sme počuli o neformálnych piatkoch.
12:11
I don't know if people still do that.
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Ani neviem, či sa to ešte robieva.
12:13
But how about "no-talk Thursdays?"
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Ale čo tak zaviesť tiché štvrtky.
12:16
How about --
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Čo tak
12:18
pick one Thursday once a month
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vybrať jeden štvrtok v mesiaci
12:20
and cut that day in half and just say the afternoon -- I'll make it really easy for you.
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a rozpoliť ho a jednoducho poobede nerozprávať - tak jednoduché.
12:23
So just the afternoon, one Thursday.
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Iba poobede v jeden štvrtok.
12:25
The first Thursday of the month -- just the afternoon --
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Prvý štvrtok v mesiaci, len poobede,
12:27
nobody in the office can talk to each other.
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nikto v kancelárii nemôže rozprávať.
12:29
Just silence, that's it.
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Ticho. Nič viac.
12:31
And what you'll find
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A uvidíte, že
12:33
is that a tremendous amount of work actually gets done
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sa za tú dobu spraví kus práce,
12:35
when no one talks to each other.
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keď nikto nerozpráva.
12:37
This is when people actually get stuff done,
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Takto totižto ľudia niečo spravia,
12:39
is when no one's bothering them, when no one's interrupting them.
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ak ich nikto neotravuje, a nič ich nevyrušuje.
12:41
And you can give someone -- giving someone four hours of uninterrupted time
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A ak necháte niekoho štyri hodiny nerušene pracovať,
12:44
is the best gift you can give anybody at work.
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tak to bude ten najlepší darček, aký môžete niekomu v práci dať.
12:46
It's better than a computer.
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Lepší než dostať počítač.
12:48
It's better than a new monitor. It's better than new software,
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Lepší než nový monitor, či nový softvér,
12:51
or whatever people typically use.
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či čokoľvek iného, čo ľudia využívajú v práci.
12:53
Giving them four hours of quiet time at the office
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Štyri hodiny nerušeného času
12:55
is going to be incredibly valuable.
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budu prakticky neoceniteľné.
12:57
And if you try that, I think you'll find that you agree.
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A ak to vyskúšate, tak zistíte, že to funguje.
12:59
And maybe, hopefully you can do it more often.
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A možno to skúsite robiť častejšie.
13:01
So maybe it's every other week,
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Takže to bude raz za 14 dní,
13:03
or every week, once a week,
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alebo každý týždeň,
13:05
afternoons no one can talk to each other.
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kedy poobede nebude môcť nikto rozprávať.
13:07
That's something that you'll find will really, really work.
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A skutočne uvidíte, že to funguje.
13:10
Another thing you can try
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Alebo môžete vyskúšať
13:12
is switching from active
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prejsť s aktívnej formy
13:14
communication and collaboration,
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komunikácie a spolupráce,
13:16
which is like face-to-face stuff,
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ktorá prebieha osobne,
13:18
tapping people on the shoulder, saying hi to them, having meetings,
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tým že niekoho poklepete po pleci, pozdravíte ho, idete na mítingy,
13:21
and replace that with more passive models of communication,
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na pasívnu formu komunikácie.
13:23
using things like email and instant messaging,
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A to tým, že začnete využívať email a chat,
13:26
or collaboration products -- things like that.
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či niečo podobného.
13:29
Now some people might say email is really distracting
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Niektorí ľudia môžu tvrdiť, že email ruší,
13:32
and I.M. is really distracting,
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rovnako ako chat,
13:34
and these other things are really distracting,
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a im podobné veci tiež,
13:36
but they're distracting at a time of your own choice and your own choosing.
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ale tieto veci rušia iba vtedy, keď sa vy rozhodnete.
13:39
You can quit the email app; you can't quit your boss.
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Môžete zatvoriť email, ale šéfa nepošlete kade ľahšie.
13:42
You can quit I.M.;
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Môžete sa odhlásiť z chatu,
13:44
you can't hide your manager.
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ale pred svojim manažérom sa neschováte.
13:46
You can put these things away,
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Máte možnosť vypnúť všetky tieto veci,
13:48
and then you can be interrupted on your own schedule, at your own time,
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a nechať sa rušiť len vtedy, kedy máte čas,
13:51
when you're available, when you're ready to go again.
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keď ste dostupný, keď zrovna môžete.
13:53
Because work, like sleep, happens in phases.
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Pretože práca, rovnako ako spánok, sa deje vo fázach.
13:56
So you're going to be kind of going up and doing some work,
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Takže budete postupovať smerom k práci,
13:58
and then you're going to come down from that work,
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a potom ustupovať,
14:00
and then maybe it's time to check that email, or check that I.M.
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a vtedy si skontrolujete emaily a prezriete chat.
14:02
And there are very, very few things that are that urgent
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A je len veľmi málo vecí v práci, ktoré sú tak urgentné,
14:05
that need to happen, that need to be answered right this second.
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že je potreba ich spraviť hneď a zaraz.
14:08
So if you're a manager,
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Takže ak ste manažér,
14:10
start encouraging people to use more things like I.M. and email
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začnite doporučovať ľuďom častejšie používať chat a email,
14:12
and other things that someone else can put away
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a podobné veci, ktoré je možné vypnúť
14:14
and then get back to you on their own schedule.
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a zas sa k nim vrátiť späť.
14:16
And the last suggestion I have
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A posledný návrh sa týka mítingov.
14:19
is that, if you do have a meeting coming up,
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Ak nejaký práve chystáte,
14:22
if you have the power,
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a ak máte tú moc,
14:24
just cancel. Just cancel that next meeting.
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tak ho jednoducho zrušte.
14:28
Today's Friday -- so Monday, usually people have meetings on Monday.
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Dnes je piatok -- mítingy sú väčšinou v pondelok.
14:30
Just don't have it.
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Proste ho zrušte.
14:32
I don't mean move it;
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Nemyslím presunúť ho na inokedy.
14:34
I mean just erase it from memory, it's gone.
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Ale vymazať ho, proste ho nemať.
14:36
And you'll find out that everything will be just fine.
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A zistíte, že všetko bude fungovať i bez neho.
14:39
All these discussions and decisions you thought you had to make
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Všetky tieto diskusie a rozhodnutia, ktoré ste mali
14:41
at this one time at 9 a.m. on Monday,
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naplánované v pondelok ráno o 9:00,
14:43
just forget about them, and things will be just fine.
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tak na ne zabudnite, všetko bude v naprostom poriadku.
14:45
People have a more open morning, they can actually think,
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Ľudia budu mať voľnejšie ráno, viac času na premýšľanie,
14:48
and you'll find out that maybe all these things you thought you had to do,
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a vy zistíte, že všetko to, čo ste si mysleli, že je potrebné urobiť,
14:50
you don't actually have to do.
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nebolo vôbec potrebné.
14:52
So those are just three quick suggestions I wanted to give you guys
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Tieto tri návrhy som vám chcel dnes predložiť
14:54
to think about this.
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na premýšľanie.
14:56
And I hope that some of these ideas
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A dúfam, že niektoré z týchto nápadov
14:58
were at least provocative enough
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boli natoľko provokatívne,
15:00
for managers and bosses and business owners
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že o nich manažéri, šéfovia, a majitelia firiem,
15:02
and organizers and people who are in charge of other people
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organizátori a proste ľudia, ktorý majú na starosť iných ľudí,
15:05
to think about laying off a little bit
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budu aspoň premýšľať
15:07
and giving people some more time to get some work done.
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a že svojim zamestnancom poskytnú viac času na skutočnú prácu.
15:09
And I think it'll all pay off in the end.
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A myslím, že sa to naozaj vyplatí.
15:11
So thanks for listening.
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Ďakujem za pozornosť.
15:13
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jason Fried - Software entrepreneurJason Fried thinks deeply about collaboration, productivity and the nature of work. He's the co-founder of 37signals, makers of Basecamp and other web-based collaboration tools, and co-author of "Rework."
Why you should listen
Jason Fried is the co-founder and president of 37signals , a Chicago-based company that builds web-based productivity tools that, in their words, "do less than the competition -- intentionally." 37signals' simple but powerful collaboration tools include Basecamp, Highrise, Backpack, Campfire, Ta-da List, and Writeboard. 37signals also developed and open-sourced the Ruby on Rails programming framework.
Fried is the co-author, with David Heinemeier Hansson, of the book Rework, about new ways to conceptualize working and creating. Salon's Scott Rosenberg called it "a minimalist manifesto that's profoundly practical. In a world where we all keep getting asked to do more with less, the authors show us how to do less and create more."
Jason Fried | Speaker | TED.com