TEDxMidwest
Jason Fried: Why work doesn't happen at work
Džejson Frajd: Zašto se rad ne odvija na poslu
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Džejson Frajd ima radikalnu teoriju rada: kancelarija nije dobro mesto za to. Na TEDxMidwest konferenciji, on iznosi glavne probleme (zove ih M&Ms) i nudi tri predloga kako da rad u kancelariji bude produktivan.
Jason Fried - Software entrepreneur
Jason Fried thinks deeply about collaboration, productivity and the nature of work. He's the co-founder of 37signals, makers of Basecamp and other web-based collaboration tools, and co-author of "Rework." Full bio
Jason Fried thinks deeply about collaboration, productivity and the nature of work. He's the co-founder of 37signals, makers of Basecamp and other web-based collaboration tools, and co-author of "Rework." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So I'm going to talk about work,
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Dakle, pričaću o poslu,
00:17
specifically why people can't seem
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posebno o tome zašto se dešava
00:19
to get work done at work,
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da ljudi ne završe posao na poslu,
00:21
which is a problem we all kind of have.
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što je problem koji svi,
na neki način imamo.
na neki način imamo.
00:24
But let's, sort of, start at the beginning.
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Ali počnimo od početka.
00:26
So we have companies and non-profits and charities
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Dakle imamo kompanije i neprofitne
i dobrotvorne organizacije
i dobrotvorne organizacije
00:29
and all these groups
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i svakakve neke grupe
00:31
that have employees
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koje imaju zaposlene
00:33
or volunteers of some sort.
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ili neku vrstu volontera.
00:35
And they expect these people who work for them
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One očekuju da ljudi koji za njih rade,
00:38
to do great work --
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urade odličan posao -
00:40
I would hope, at least.
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bar se nadam.
00:42
At least good work, hopefully, at least it's good work --
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Nadam se barem dobar posao, najmanje -
00:44
hopefully great work.
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ali možda i odličan posao.
00:46
And so what they typically do is they decide
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Organizacije onda obično odluče
00:48
that all these people need to come together in one place
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da svi ti ljudi treba da se nađu
na jednom mestu
na jednom mestu
00:50
to do that work.
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da bi radili taj posao.
00:52
So a company, or a charity, or an organization of any kind,
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Dakle, kompanija, dobrotvorna
ili bilo kakva druga organizacija,
ili bilo kakva druga organizacija,
00:55
they typically -- unless you're working in Africa,
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obično - osim ako radite u Africi,
00:57
if you're really lucky to do that --
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ako ste stvarno te sreće -
00:59
most people have to go to an office every day.
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većina ljudi mora da ide
u kancelariju svakog dana.
u kancelariju svakog dana.
01:01
And so these companies,
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I tako te kompanije
01:03
they build offices.
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grade kancelarije.
01:05
They go out and they buy a building, or they rent a building,
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Odu i kupe ili iznajme zgradu
01:08
or they lease some space,
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ili uzmu nešto pod zakup,
01:10
and they fill the space with stuff.
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i napune prostor stvarima.
01:13
They fill it with tables, or desks,
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Napune ga stolovima,
01:16
chairs, computer equipment,
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stolicama, kompjuterskom opremom,
01:18
software,
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računarskim programima,
01:20
Internet access,
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uvedu internet,
01:22
maybe a fridge, maybe a few other things,
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možda stave frižider,
možda još neke stvari
možda još neke stvari
01:25
and they expect their employees, or their volunteers,
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i očekuju da zaposleni ili volonteri
01:27
to come to that location every day to do great work.
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dolaze tu svaki dan da rade odličan posao.
01:30
It seems like it's perfectly reasonable to ask that.
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Taj zahtev izgleda potpuno razuman.
01:33
However, if you actually talk to people
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Međutim, ako zaista razgovarate s ljudima
01:35
and even question yourself,
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i preispitate sebe
01:37
and you ask yourself,
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i zapitate se,
01:39
where do you really want to go when you really need to get something done?
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"kuda stvarno želite da odete
kada želite nešto da uradite?"
kada želite nešto da uradite?"
01:42
You'll find out that people don't say
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otkrićete da ljudi ne kažu
01:44
what businesses think they would say.
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ono što kompanije misle da bi rekli.
01:46
If you ask people the question: where do you really need to go
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Ako pitate ljude: kuda zaista idete
01:48
when you need to get something done?
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kada treba da uradite nešto?
01:50
Typically you get three different kinds of answers.
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Uobičajene su tri vrste odgovora.
01:52
One is kind of a place or a location or a room.
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Jedan se odnosi na neko mesto,
lokaciju, prostoriju.
lokaciju, prostoriju.
01:55
Another one is a moving object
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Drugi je objekat u pokretu.
01:57
and a third is a time.
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A treći je vreme.
01:59
So here's some examples.
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Evo nekih primera.
02:01
When I ask people -- and I've been asking people this question for about 10 years --
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Kada pitam ljude - a postavljam
to pitanje već 10 godina -
to pitanje već 10 godina -
02:04
I ask them, "Where do you go when you really need to get something done?"
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pitam ih, "Kuda idete
kada stvarno treba nešto da uradite?"
kada stvarno treba nešto da uradite?"
02:06
I'll hear things like, the porch, the deck,
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čujem stvari poput: na terasu,
02:09
the kitchen.
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u kuhinju.
02:11
I'll hear things like an extra room in the house,
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Ili u dodatnu sobu u kući,
02:13
the basement,
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u podrum,
02:15
the coffee shop, the library.
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u kafeteriju, biblioteku.
02:18
And then you'll hear things like the train,
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A onda navode i voz,
02:21
a plane, a car -- so, the commute.
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avion, auto - prevozna sredstva.
02:24
And then you'll hear people say,
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A onda ćete čuti da kažu,
02:26
"Well, it doesn't really matter where I am,
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"Pa, nije važno gde sam,
02:28
as long as it's really early in the morning or really late at night or on the weekends."
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dokle god je rano ujutru
ili kasno uveče ili vikend."
ili kasno uveče ili vikend."
02:31
You almost never hear someone say the office.
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Skoro nikada nećete čuti
da je to kancelarija.
da je to kancelarija.
02:34
But businesses are spending all this money on this place called the office,
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Ali kompanije troše ogroman novac
na te kancelarije
na te kancelarije
02:37
and they're making people go to it all the time,
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i teraju ljude da stalno u njih idu,
02:39
yet people don't do work in the office.
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a ljudi ipak ne obavljaju posao u njima.
02:42
What is that about?
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O čemu se tu radi?
02:44
Why is that?
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Zašto je to tako?
02:46
Why is that happening?
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Zašto se to dešava?
02:49
And what you find out is that, if you dig a little bit deeper,
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Ako prokopate malo dublje, otkrijete
02:51
you find out that people --
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da ljudi -
02:53
this is what happens --
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evo šta se dešava -
02:55
people go to work,
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ljudi odu na posao
02:57
and they're basically trading in their workday
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i zapravo menjaju radni dan
02:59
for a series of "work moments."
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za seriju radnih trenutaka.
03:01
That's what happens at the office.
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To je ono što se dešava u kancelariji.
03:03
You don't have a workday anymore. You have work moments.
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Više ne postoji radni dan;
samo radni trenuci.
samo radni trenuci.
03:05
It's like the front door of the office is like a Cuisinart,
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Kao da su vrata od kancelarije seckalica,
03:08
and you walk in and your day is shredded to bits,
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pa kad uđete dan vam je iseckan na komade,
03:10
because you have 15 minutes here and 30 minutes there,
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jer imate 15 minuta ovamo, 30 minuta tamo,
03:13
and then something else happens and you're pulled off your work,
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onda se nešto desi i odvuče vas od posla,
03:15
and you've got to do something else, then you have 20 minutes, then it's lunch.
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pa morate da uradite nešto drugo,
onda imate 20 minuta, a onda je ručak.
onda imate 20 minuta, a onda je ručak.
03:18
Then you have something else to do.
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Onda radite nešto drugo,
03:20
Then you've got 15 minutes, and someone pulls you aside and asks you this question,
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pa imate 15 minuta, pa vas neko pozove
i nešto vas pita.
i nešto vas pita.
03:23
and before you know it, it's 5 p.m.,
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I pre nego što se okrenete, već je 5 sati
03:26
and you look back on the day,
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i pogledate unazad
03:28
and you realize that you didn't get anything done.
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i shvatite da ništa niste uradili.
03:30
I mean, we've all been through this.
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Mislim, svi smo kroz to prošli.
03:32
We probably went through it yesterday,
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Verovatno smo prošli kroz to juče,
03:34
or the day before, or the day before that.
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ili prekjuče ili dan pre toga.
03:36
You look back on your day, and you're like, I got nothing done today.
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Osvrnete se na svoj dan
i shvatite da ništa niste uradili.
i shvatite da ništa niste uradili.
03:39
I was at work.
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Bio sam na poslu.
03:41
I sat at my desk. I used my expensive computer.
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Sedeo za stolom.
Koristio skupoceni računar.
Koristio skupoceni računar.
03:44
I used the software they told me to use.
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Koristio sam programe
koje mi je rečeno da koristim.
koje mi je rečeno da koristim.
03:46
I went to these meetings I was asked to go to.
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Išao sam na sastanke
na koje sam bio pozvan.
na koje sam bio pozvan.
03:49
I did these conference calls. I did all this stuff.
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Imao sam telefonske pozive.
Sve sam to radio.
Sve sam to radio.
03:51
But I didn't actually do anything.
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Ali zapravo nisam ništa uradio.
03:54
I just did tasks.
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Samo sam radio zadatke.
03:56
I didn't actually get meaningful work done.
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Nisam obavio nikakav smisleni posao.
03:58
And what you find is that, especially with creative people --
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Onda otkrivate da je,
naročito kreativnim ljudima -
naročito kreativnim ljudima -
04:01
designers, programmers,
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dizajnerima, programerima,
04:03
writers, engineers,
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piscima, inženjerima,
04:05
thinkers --
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misliocima -
04:07
that people really need
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stvarno potreban
04:09
long stretches of uninterrupted time to get something done.
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duži vremenski period bez prekidanja,
da bi nešto uradili.
da bi nešto uradili.
04:12
You cannot ask somebody to be creative in 15 minutes
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Ne možete od nekog tražiti
da bude kreativan 15 minuta
da bude kreativan 15 minuta
04:15
and really think about a problem.
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i da stvarno razmišlja o problemu.
04:17
You might have a quick idea,
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Možda će mu nešto pasti na pamet,
04:19
but to be in deep thought about a problem and really consider a problem carefully,
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ali da se udubi u problem
i stvarno o njemu promisli,
i stvarno o njemu promisli,
04:22
you need long stretches of uninterrupted time.
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potrebno je duže vreme bez prekidanja.
04:25
And even though the workday is typically eight hours,
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I čak iako tipičan radni dan
traje osam sati,
traje osam sati,
04:28
how many people here have ever had eight hours to themselves at the office?
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koliko vas je uopšte imalo 8 sati
u kancelariji za sebe?
u kancelariji za sebe?
04:31
How about seven hours?
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Možda sedam sati?
04:33
Six? Five? Four?
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Šest? Pet? Četiri?
04:36
When's the last time you had three hours to yourself at the office?
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Kada ste poslednji put
imali svoja tri sata u kancelariji?
imali svoja tri sata u kancelariji?
04:39
Two hours? One, maybe?
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Dva sata? Možda jedan.
04:41
Very, very few people actually have
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Veoma, veoma malo ljudi ima
04:43
long stretches of uninterrupted time at an office.
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duge vremenske periode
bez prekida u kancelariji.
bez prekida u kancelariji.
04:46
And this is why people choose to do work at home,
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Upravo zato ljudi biraju da rade kod kuće,
04:49
or they might go to the office,
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ili će možda i otići u kancelariju,
04:51
but they might go to the office really early in the day,
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ali to će biti veoma rano ujutru
04:53
or late at night when no one's around,
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ili kasno uveče, kad nema nikoga,
04:55
or they stick around after everyone's left, or they go in on the weekends,
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ili ostaju kad svi odu ili idu vikendima
04:58
or they get work done on the plane,
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ili završe posao u avionu
05:00
or they get work done in the car or in the train
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ili ga završe u kolima ili u vozu
05:02
because there are no distractions.
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jer tamo nema ometanja.
05:04
Now, there are different kinds of distractions,
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Postoje razne vrste ometanja,
05:06
but there aren't the really bad kinds of distractions
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ali ne postoje loše vrste
05:08
that I'll talk about in just a minute.
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o kojima ću uskoro govoriti.
05:10
And this sort of whole phenomenon
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Ceo ovaj fenomen imanja
05:12
of having short bursts of time to get things done
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kratkih vremenskih perioda za rad
05:14
reminds me of another thing
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me podseća na još jednu stvar
05:16
that doesn't work when you're interrupted,
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koja ne funkcioniše kad se prekida,
05:18
and that is sleep.
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a to je spavanje.
05:20
I think that sleep and work are very closely related,
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Mislim da su spavanje i rad veoma bliski.
05:22
and it's not just that you can work while you're sleeping
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Ne samo zato
što možete da radite dok spavate
što možete da radite dok spavate
05:24
and you can sleep while you're working.
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i da spavate dok radite.
05:26
That's not really what I mean.
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Ne mislim na to.
05:28
I'm talking specifically about the fact
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Govorim o činjenici
05:30
that sleep and work
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da su spavanje i rad događaji
05:32
are phased-based,
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zasnovani na fazama
05:34
or stage-based, events.
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ili etapama.
05:37
So sleep is about sleep phases, or stages --
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Kod sna imamo faze ili etape -
05:40
some people call them different things.
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ljudi ih različito nazivaju.
05:42
There's five of them,
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Ima ih pet i da biste
05:44
and in order to get to the really deep ones, the really meaningful ones,
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došli u duboke,
one koje su stvarno značajne,
one koje su stvarno značajne,
05:47
you have to go through the early ones.
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morate proći kroz rane faze.
05:49
And if you're interrupted while you're going through the early ones --
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Ali ako ste na tom putu prekinuti -
05:51
if someone bumps you in bed,
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ako vas neko prodrma u krevetu,
05:53
or if there's a sound, or whatever happens --
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čuje se neki zvuk, bilo šta se desi -
05:56
you don't just pick up where you left off.
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ne možete samo nastaviti
tamo gde ste stali.
tamo gde ste stali.
05:58
If you're interrupted and woken up,
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Ako vas nešto prekine i probudi,
06:00
you have to start again.
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morate početi od početka.
06:02
So you have to go back a few phases and start again.
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Morate da se vratite
nekoliko faza i počnete ponovo.
nekoliko faza i počnete ponovo.
06:05
And what ends up happening -- sometimes you might have days like this
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I na kraju - nekada imate dane
06:07
where you wake up at eight in the morning, or seven in the morning,
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kada se probudite u osam ujutru ili sedam
06:09
or whenever you get up,
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ili kad već ustajete,
06:11
and you're like, man, I didn't really sleep very well.
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i pomislite, čoveče, nisam dobro spavao.
06:13
I did the sleep thing -- I went to bed, I laid down --
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Radio sam šta treba
- otišao u krevet, legao -
- otišao u krevet, legao -
06:16
but I didn't really sleep.
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ali nisam zaista spavao.
06:18
People say you go to sleep,
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Ljudi kažu "utonuti u san",
06:21
but you really don't go to sleep, you go towards sleep.
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ali vi ne tonete u san, nego ka snu.
06:23
It just takes a while. You've got to go through these phases and stuff,
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To traje; morate proći kroz sve te faze.
06:26
and if you're interrupted, you don't sleep well.
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I ako ste prekinuti, nećete dobro spavati.
06:28
So how do we expect -- does anyone here expect someone to sleep well
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I da li iko očekuje da će dobro da spava
06:30
if they're interrupted all night?
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ako ga cele noći prekidaju?
06:32
I don't think anyone would say yes.
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Mislim da niko neće reći "da".
06:34
Why do we expect people to work well
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Zašto očekujemo da ljudi dobro rade,
06:36
if they're being interrupted all day at the office?
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ako ih ceo dan prekidaju u kancelariji?
06:38
How can we possibly expect people to do their job
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Kako uopšte možemo očekivati
od ljudi da rade svoj posao,
od ljudi da rade svoj posao,
06:41
if they're going to the office to be interrupted?
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ako idu tamo da ih neko prekida?
06:43
That doesn't really seem like it makes a lot of sense to me.
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Po mom mišljenju,
to uopšte nema mnogo smisla.
to uopšte nema mnogo smisla.
06:46
So what are these interruptions that happen at the office
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Kakva se to prekidanja dešavaju
u kancelariji,
u kancelariji,
06:48
that don't happen at other places?
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ali ne i na drugim mestima?
06:50
Because in other places, you can have interruptions,
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Jer, na drugim mestima imate prekide,
06:52
like, you can have the TV,
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na primer, može to biti TV
06:54
or you could go for a walk,
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ili možete izaći u šetnju,
06:56
or there's a fridge downstairs,
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ili do frižidera dole
06:58
or you've got your own couch, or whatever you want to do.
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ili imate kauč
ili šta god želite da radite.
ili šta god želite da radite.
07:01
And if you talk to certain managers,
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I ako razgovarate s nekim rukovodiocima,
07:03
they'll tell you that they don't want their employees to work at home
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reći će vam da ne žele
da njihovi zaposleni rade kod kuće
da njihovi zaposleni rade kod kuće
07:06
because of these distractions.
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zbog svih tih ometanja.
07:08
They'll also say --
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Takođe će reći -
07:10
sometimes they'll also say,
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ponekad će takođe reći,
07:12
"Well, if I can't see the person, how do I know they're working?"
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"Pa, ako ne vidim osobu,
kako da znam da radi?",
kako da znam da radi?",
07:14
which is ridiculous, of course, but that's one of the excuses that managers give.
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što je naravno smešno,
ali to je jedan od njihovih izgovora.
ali to je jedan od njihovih izgovora.
07:17
And I'm one of these managers.
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I ja sam jedan od tih rukovodioca.
07:19
I understand. I know how this goes.
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Razumem; znam kako to ide.
07:21
We all have to improve on this sort of thing.
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Svi bi trebalo da u ovome napredujemo.
07:23
But oftentimes they'll cite distractions.
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Ali često oni navode ta ometanja.
07:25
"I can't let someone work at home.
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"Ne mogu da dozvolim nekome
da radi kod kuće.
da radi kod kuće.
07:27
They'll watch TV. They'll do this other thing."
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Gledaće TV. Radiće neke druge stvari."
07:29
It turns out that those aren't the things that are really distracting.
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Ispostavlja se da to nisu zaista
stvari koje ometaju.
stvari koje ometaju.
07:32
Because those are voluntary distractions.
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Jer one su dobrovoljna ometanja.
07:34
You decide when you want to be distracted by the TV.
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Vi odlučujete kada će da vas ometa TV.
07:36
You decide when you want to turn something on.
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Vi odlučujete
kada ćete nešto da uključite.
kada ćete nešto da uključite.
07:38
You decide when you want to go downstairs or go for a walk.
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Vi odlučujete
kada ćete sići ili otići u šetnju.
kada ćete sići ili otići u šetnju.
07:41
At the office, most of the interruptions and distractions
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U kancelariji, većina prekida i ometanja
07:43
that really cause people not to get work done
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koje zaista sprečavaju ljude da rade posao
07:45
are involuntary.
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su protiv njihove volje.
07:47
So let's go through a couple of those.
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Razmotrimo par tih.
07:50
Now, managers and bosses
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Sada, rukovodioci i šefovi
07:52
will often have you think that the real distractions at work
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će vam često reći
da su pravi ometači posla
da su pravi ometači posla
07:55
are things like Facebook and Twitter
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stvari poput Fejsbuka i Tvitera
07:58
and YouTube and other websites,
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i Jutjuba i drugih sajtova.
08:01
and in fact, they'll go so far
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Ustvari, otići će toliko daleko
08:03
as to actually ban these sites at work.
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da će ih zabraniti na poslu.
08:05
Some of you may work at places where you can't get to these certain sites.
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Neki od vas možda rade na mestima
gde nemaju pristup tim sajtovima.
gde nemaju pristup tim sajtovima.
08:08
I mean, is this China? What the hell is going on here?
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Mislim, je l' ovo Kina?
Šta se, bre, ovde dešava?
Šta se, bre, ovde dešava?
08:11
You can't go to a website at work,
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Na poslu ne možete da posetite neki sajt,
08:13
and that's the problem, that's why people aren't getting work done,
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i to je problem,
zato ljudi ne završavaju posao,
zato ljudi ne završavaju posao,
08:15
because they're going to Facebook and they're going to Twitter?
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zato što idu na Fejsbuk i na Tviter?
08:17
That's kind of ridiculous. It's a total decoy.
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To je smešno. To je potpuno suludo.
08:22
And today's Facebook and Twitter and YouTube,
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Današnji Fejsbuk, Tviter i Jutjub
08:24
these things are just modern-day smoke breaks.
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su samo moderne pušačke pauze.
08:27
No one cared about letting people take a smoke break for 15 minutes
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Nikome nisu smetale
pušačke pauze od 15min
pušačke pauze od 15min
08:29
10 years ago,
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pre deset godina,
08:31
so why does everyone care about someone going to Facebook here and there,
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pa zašto onda nekome smeta
što neko tu i tamo ode na Fejsbuk,
što neko tu i tamo ode na Fejsbuk,
08:33
or Twitter here and there, or YouTube here and there?
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ili na Tviter ili Jutjub?
08:35
Those aren't the real problems in the office.
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To nisu pravi problemi u kancelariji.
08:38
The real problems are what I like to call
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Pravi problemi su ono što ja volim
da zovem M&S (M&M's)
da zovem M&S (M&M's)
08:40
the M&Ms,
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08:42
the Managers and the Meetings.
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menadžeri i sastanci.
08:44
Those are the real problems in the modern office today.
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To su pravi problemi
modernih kancelarija današnjeg doba.
modernih kancelarija današnjeg doba.
08:47
And this is why things don't get done at work --
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Zato se stvari na poslu ne urade,
08:50
it's because of the M&Ms.
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zbog M&S.
08:52
Now what's interesting is,
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Ono što je zanimljivo,
08:54
if you listen to all the places that people talk about doing work --
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ako slušate o svim mestima
na kojima ljudi rade -
na kojima ljudi rade -
08:57
like at home, or in a car, or on a plane,
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kod kuće, u kolima, u avionu,
08:59
or late at night, or early in the morning --
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kasno uveče, rano ujutru -
09:01
you don't find managers and meetings.
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tu ne vidite menadžere i sastanke;
09:03
You find a lot of other distractions, but you don't find managers and meetings.
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imate mnogo drugih ometača,
ali nema menadžera i sastanaka.
ali nema menadžera i sastanaka.
09:06
So these are the things that you don't find elsewhere,
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Njih ne nalazite drugde,
09:09
but you do find at the office.
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ali ih nalazite u kancelariji.
09:12
And managers are basically people
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Menadžeri su u osnovi ljudi
09:14
whose job it is to interrupt people.
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čiji je posao da prekidaju ljude.
09:16
That's pretty much what managers are for. They're for interrupting people.
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Oni tome služe, da prekidaju ljude.
09:19
They don't really do the work,
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Oni zapravo ne rade,
09:21
so they have to make sure everyone else is doing the work, which is an interruption.
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pa moraju da budu sigurni
da svi ostali rade, a to je prekidanje.
da svi ostali rade, a to je prekidanje.
09:24
And we have a lot of managers in the world now,
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U svetu sada imamo mnogo menadžera
09:26
and there's a lot of people in the world now,
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i mnogo ljudi
09:28
and there's a lot of interruptions in the world now because of these managers.
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i mnogo prekidanja,
zbog tih menadžera.
zbog tih menadžera.
09:30
They have to check in: "Hey, how's it going?
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Moraju da provere: "Hej, kako ide?
Pokaži mi šta ima", i tome slično.
Pokaži mi šta ima", i tome slično.
09:32
Show me what's up," and this sort of thing
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09:34
and they keep interrupting you at the wrong time,
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I uporno vas prekidaju u pogrešno vreme,
09:36
while you're actually trying to do something they're paying you to do,
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dok stvarno pokušavate
da uradite nešto za šta ste plaćeni,
da uradite nešto za šta ste plaćeni,
09:39
they tend to interrupt you.
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oni vas prekidaju.
09:41
That's kind of bad.
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To je prilično loše.
09:43
But what's even worse is the thing that managers do most of all,
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Ali još gora stvar
koju menadžeri najviše rade,
koju menadžeri najviše rade,
09:46
which is call meetings.
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je sazivanje sastanaka.
09:48
And meetings are just toxic,
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Sastanci su opasne,
09:50
terrible, poisonous things
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užasne, otrovne stvari
09:53
during the day at work.
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tokom radnog dana.
09:55
We all know this to be true,
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Svi znamo da je ovo istinito.
09:58
and you would never see a spontaneous meeting called by employees.
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Nikada nećete videti da zaposleni
zakazuju spontani sastanak;
zakazuju spontani sastanak;
10:00
It doesn't work that way.
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ne funkcioniše tako.
10:02
The manager calls the meeting
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Menadžeri sazivaju sastanke,
10:04
so the employees can all come together,
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da bi se zaposleni okupili,
10:06
and it's an incredibly disruptive thing to do to people --
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a to je stvar koja veoma ometa ljude -
10:08
is to say, "Hey look,
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da kažete, "Hej, vidi,
10:10
we're going to bring 10 people together right now and have a meeting.
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sada ćemo okupiti deset ljudi
na sastanku.
na sastanku.
10:13
I don't care what you're doing.
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Ne zanima me šta radiš.
10:15
Just, you've got to stop doing what you're doing, so you can have this meeting."
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Moraš da prekineš to što radiš,
da bismo imali sastanak."
da bismo imali sastanak."
10:18
I mean, what are the chances that all 10 people are ready to stop?
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Mislim, kakve su šanse
da je svih 10 ljudi spremno da prekine?
da je svih 10 ljudi spremno da prekine?
10:21
What if they're thinking about something important?
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Šta ako razmišljaju o nečemu važnom?
10:23
What if they're doing important work?
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Šta ako rade važan posao?
10:25
All of a sudden you're telling them that they have to stop doing that
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Odjednom im govorite
da prekinu da rade to,
da prekinu da rade to,
10:27
to do something else.
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da bi radili nešto drugo.
10:29
So they go into a meeting room, they get together,
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I onda odu u sobu za sastanke,
svi zajedno,
svi zajedno,
10:32
and they talk about stuff that doesn't really matter usually.
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i pričaju o stvarima
koje obično nisu važne.
koje obično nisu važne.
10:35
Because meetings aren't work.
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Jer sastanci nisu posao.
10:37
Meetings are places to go to talk about things you're supposed to be doing later.
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To su mesta na koja idete da pričate
o stvarima koje treba da radite kasnije.
o stvarima koje treba da radite kasnije.
10:40
But meetings also procreate.
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Ali sastanci se i množe.
10:42
So one meeting tends to lead to another meeting
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Tako jedan sastanak vodi do drugog,
10:44
and tends to lead to another meeting.
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koji vodi do narednog.
10:46
There's often too many people in the meetings,
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Često na sastancima ima previše ljudi
10:48
and they're very, very expensive to the organization.
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i veoma, veoma su skupi za firmu.
10:51
Companies often think of a one-hour meeting as a one-hour meeting,
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Kompanije često o jednočasnovnom sastanku
razmišljaju kao o jednočasovnom,
razmišljaju kao o jednočasovnom,
10:54
but that's not true, unless there's only one person in that meeting.
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ali to nije istina, osim
ako prisustvuje samo jedna osoba.
ako prisustvuje samo jedna osoba.
10:57
If there are 10 people in the meeting, it's a 10-hour meeting; it's not a one-hour meeting.
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Ako je na sastanku 10 ljudi,
to je sastanak od 10h, ne 1h.
to je sastanak od 10h, ne 1h.
11:00
It's 10 hours of productivity taken from the rest of the organization
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Deset sati produktivnosti
oduzeto od ostatka firme
oduzeto od ostatka firme
11:03
to have this one one-hour meeting,
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da bi se imao taj jednočasovni sastanak,
11:05
which probably should have been handled by two or three people
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koji je verovatno trebalo
da obave dve, tri osobe,
da obave dve, tri osobe,
11:08
talking for a few minutes.
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razgovarajući nekoliko minuta.
11:10
But instead, there's a long scheduled meeting,
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Ali umesto toga
imamo dug zakazan sastanak,
imamo dug zakazan sastanak,
11:12
because meetings are scheduled the way software works,
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jer se oni zakazuju na način
na koji programi rade,
na koji programi rade,
11:15
which is in increments of 15 minutes, or 30 minutes, or an hour.
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a to je u delovima
od 15 ili 30 minuta ili sat.
od 15 ili 30 minuta ili sat.
11:18
You don't schedule an eight-hour meeting with Outlook.
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Nećete preko "Outlook"-a
zakazati sastanak od 8h.
zakazati sastanak od 8h.
11:20
You can't. I don't even know if you can.
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Ne možete. Ni ne znam da li možete.
11:22
You can go 15 minutes or 30 minutes or 45 minutes or an hour.
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Možete imati 15, 30, 45 minuta ili sat.
11:25
And so we tend to fill these times up
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Tako imamo tendenciju
da popunimo to vreme,
da popunimo to vreme,
11:27
when things should really go really quickly.
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kad bi stvari trebalo da se odvijaju brzo.
11:29
So meetings and managers are two major problems in businesses today,
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Dakle, sastanci i menadžeri
su dva glavna problema današnjeg posla,
su dva glavna problema današnjeg posla,
11:32
especially to offices.
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naročito u kancelarijama.
11:34
These things don't exist outside of the office.
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Te stvari ne postoje van kancelarija.
11:37
So I have some suggestions
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Imam neke predloge
11:39
to remedy the situation.
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za popravljanje ove situacije.
11:42
What can managers do --
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Šta mogu menadžeri -
11:44
enlightened managers, hopefully --
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prosvetljeni menadžeri, nadam se -
11:46
what can they do to make the office a better place for people to work,
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da urade kako bi kancelarije
bile bolja mesta za rad,
bile bolja mesta za rad,
11:49
so it's not the last resort, but it's the first resort?
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prva mesta, a ne poslednja
na kojima ljude rade?
na kojima ljude rade?
11:52
It's that people start to say,
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Da ljudi počnu da govore,
11:54
"When I really want to get stuff done, I go to the office."
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"Kada zaista želim da radim,
idem u kancelariju."
idem u kancelariju."
11:56
Because the offices are well equipped,
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Jer kancelarije su dobro opremljene,
11:58
everything should be there for them to do their work,
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imaju sve što je potrebno,
12:00
but they don't want to go there right now, so how do we change that?
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ali ljudi trenutno ne žele da idu tamo,
kako to da promenimo?
kako to da promenimo?
12:03
I have three suggestions I'll share with you guys.
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Imam tri predloga koja ću podeliti s vama.
12:05
I have about three minutes, so that'll fit perfectly.
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Imam oko tri minuta,
savršeno će se uklopiti.
savršeno će se uklopiti.
12:08
We've all heard of the casual Friday thing.
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Svi smo čuli za Neformalni petak.
12:11
I don't know if people still do that.
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Ne znam da li ljudi još uvek to rade.
12:13
But how about "no-talk Thursdays?"
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Šta mislite o Tihom četvrtku?
12:16
How about --
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Kako bi bilo -
12:18
pick one Thursday once a month
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izaberite jedan četvrtak
samo jednom mesečno
samo jednom mesečno
12:20
and cut that day in half and just say the afternoon -- I'll make it really easy for you.
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podelite ga na pola
i uzmite popodne - olakšaću vam.
i uzmite popodne - olakšaću vam.
12:23
So just the afternoon, one Thursday.
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Dakle, samo popodne, jedan četvrtak.
12:25
The first Thursday of the month -- just the afternoon --
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Prvi četvrtak u mesecu - samo popodne -
12:27
nobody in the office can talk to each other.
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niko u kancelariji
ne sme da razgovara ni sa kim.
ne sme da razgovara ni sa kim.
12:29
Just silence, that's it.
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Samo tišina, to je to.
12:31
And what you'll find
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Otkrićete da se
12:33
is that a tremendous amount of work actually gets done
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neverovatna količina posla zapravo uradi
12:35
when no one talks to each other.
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kada niko ni sa kim ne razgovara.
12:37
This is when people actually get stuff done,
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Tada ljudi stvarno nešto urade,
12:39
is when no one's bothering them, when no one's interrupting them.
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kada ih niko ne gnjavi, niko ne prekida.
12:41
And you can give someone -- giving someone four hours of uninterrupted time
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Dati nekome četiri sata
neprekinutog vremena
neprekinutog vremena
12:44
is the best gift you can give anybody at work.
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je najbolji poklon
koji možete dati nekome na poslu.
koji možete dati nekome na poslu.
12:46
It's better than a computer.
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Bolji od računara.
12:48
It's better than a new monitor. It's better than new software,
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Bolji od novog monitora.
Bolji od novih programa,
Bolji od novih programa,
12:51
or whatever people typically use.
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ili čega god što ljudi koriste.
12:53
Giving them four hours of quiet time at the office
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Poklanjanje četiri sata tišine
u kancelariji
u kancelariji
12:55
is going to be incredibly valuable.
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biće neverovatno vredno.
12:57
And if you try that, I think you'll find that you agree.
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Ako pokušate, otkrićete da se slažete.
12:59
And maybe, hopefully you can do it more often.
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I nadam se da ćete možda
i češće to raditi.
i češće to raditi.
13:01
So maybe it's every other week,
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Možda svake druge nedelje,
13:03
or every week, once a week,
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ili svake nedelje, jednom nedeljno,
13:05
afternoons no one can talk to each other.
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svako popodne niko ne razgovara.
13:07
That's something that you'll find will really, really work.
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Videćete da to zaista, zaista funkcioniše.
13:10
Another thing you can try
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Još jedna stvar koju možete probati
13:12
is switching from active
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je prelazak sa
aktivne komunikacije i saradnje,
aktivne komunikacije i saradnje,
13:14
communication and collaboration,
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13:16
which is like face-to-face stuff,
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koja se odvija licem u lice,
13:18
tapping people on the shoulder, saying hi to them, having meetings,
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tapkanjem ljudi po ramenu,
javljanjem, putem sastanaka,
javljanjem, putem sastanaka,
13:21
and replace that with more passive models of communication,
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na pasivnije načine komunikacije,
13:23
using things like email and instant messaging,
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korišćenjem imejla ili instant poruka
13:26
or collaboration products -- things like that.
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računarskih programa za saradnju
ili nekog sličnog programa.
ili nekog sličnog programa.
13:29
Now some people might say email is really distracting
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Neki ljudi će možda reći
da je imejl vrlo ometajući
da je imejl vrlo ometajući
13:32
and I.M. is really distracting,
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i da su instant poruke ometajuće
13:34
and these other things are really distracting,
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kao i sve te ostale stvari,
13:36
but they're distracting at a time of your own choice and your own choosing.
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ali one ometaju u vreme koje mi biramo.
13:39
You can quit the email app; you can't quit your boss.
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Možete isključiti imejl,
ne možete isključiti šefa.
ne možete isključiti šefa.
13:42
You can quit I.M.;
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Možete isključiti poruke,
13:44
you can't hide your manager.
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ne možete sakriti svog menadžera.
13:46
You can put these things away,
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Te stvari možete skloniti
13:48
and then you can be interrupted on your own schedule, at your own time,
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i biti prekidani u svoje vreme,
po svom rasporedu,
po svom rasporedu,
13:51
when you're available, when you're ready to go again.
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kada ste dostupni, kada ste spremni.
13:53
Because work, like sleep, happens in phases.
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Jer se posao, kao i san,
odigrava u fazama.
odigrava u fazama.
13:56
So you're going to be kind of going up and doing some work,
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Tako da ćete biti budniji i raditi posao,
13:58
and then you're going to come down from that work,
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a onda ćete se umoriti od toga posla
14:00
and then maybe it's time to check that email, or check that I.M.
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i to je možda vreme
da se proveri imejl ili poruke.
da se proveri imejl ili poruke.
14:02
And there are very, very few things that are that urgent
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Postoji veoma malo stvari
koje su toliko hitne
koje su toliko hitne
14:05
that need to happen, that need to be answered right this second.
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da na njih mora da se odgovori
ovog trenutka.
ovog trenutka.
14:08
So if you're a manager,
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Dakle, ako ste menadžer,
podstičite ljude
da više koriste instant poruke i imejl
da više koriste instant poruke i imejl
14:10
start encouraging people to use more things like I.M. and email
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14:12
and other things that someone else can put away
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i druge stvari koje mogu da se odlože
14:14
and then get back to you on their own schedule.
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i da im se vrati u svom rasporedu.
14:16
And the last suggestion I have
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I poslednji predlog koji imam
14:19
is that, if you do have a meeting coming up,
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je da, ako vam sledi sastanak,
14:22
if you have the power,
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ako imate moć,
14:24
just cancel. Just cancel that next meeting.
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otkažite ga, samo otkažite
taj sledeći sastanak.
taj sledeći sastanak.
14:28
Today's Friday -- so Monday, usually people have meetings on Monday.
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Danas je petak - dakle,
ljudi obično imaju sastanke ponedeljkom.
ljudi obično imaju sastanke ponedeljkom.
14:30
Just don't have it.
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Nemojte ga održati.
14:32
I don't mean move it;
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Ne mislim da ga pomerite,
14:34
I mean just erase it from memory, it's gone.
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mislim da ga izbrišete iz pamćenja,
nema ga.
nema ga.
14:36
And you'll find out that everything will be just fine.
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Videćete da će sve biti u redu.
14:39
All these discussions and decisions you thought you had to make
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Sve te diskusije i odluke
koje ste mislili da morate da donesete
koje ste mislili da morate da donesete
14:41
at this one time at 9 a.m. on Monday,
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u tom trenutku u 9 ujutru u ponedeljak,
14:43
just forget about them, and things will be just fine.
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samo zaboravite na njih
i sve će biti u redu.
i sve će biti u redu.
14:45
People have a more open morning, they can actually think,
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Ljudi imaju slobodnije jutro,
mogu da razmišljaju,
mogu da razmišljaju,
14:48
and you'll find out that maybe all these things you thought you had to do,
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i videćete da sve to
što ste milsili da morate da uradite,
što ste milsili da morate da uradite,
14:50
you don't actually have to do.
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zapravo ne morate.
14:52
So those are just three quick suggestions I wanted to give you guys
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Dakle to su ta tri predloga
o kojima sam želeo da razmislite.
o kojima sam želeo da razmislite.
14:54
to think about this.
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14:56
And I hope that some of these ideas
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Nadam se da su neke od ovih ideja
14:58
were at least provocative enough
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barem dovoljno provokativne
15:00
for managers and bosses and business owners
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da menadžeri i šefovi i vlasnici
15:02
and organizers and people who are in charge of other people
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i organizatori i svi
koji su zaduženi za druge ljude
koji su zaduženi za druge ljude
15:05
to think about laying off a little bit
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o njima razmisle, opuste se i daju ljudima
15:07
and giving people some more time to get some work done.
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više vremena kako bi nešto i uradili.
15:09
And I think it'll all pay off in the end.
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Mislim da će se na kraju isplatiti.
15:11
So thanks for listening.
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Hvala na pažnji.
15:13
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jason Fried - Software entrepreneurJason Fried thinks deeply about collaboration, productivity and the nature of work. He's the co-founder of 37signals, makers of Basecamp and other web-based collaboration tools, and co-author of "Rework."
Why you should listen
Jason Fried is the co-founder and president of 37signals , a Chicago-based company that builds web-based productivity tools that, in their words, "do less than the competition -- intentionally." 37signals' simple but powerful collaboration tools include Basecamp, Highrise, Backpack, Campfire, Ta-da List, and Writeboard. 37signals also developed and open-sourced the Ruby on Rails programming framework.
Fried is the co-author, with David Heinemeier Hansson, of the book Rework, about new ways to conceptualize working and creating. Salon's Scott Rosenberg called it "a minimalist manifesto that's profoundly practical. In a world where we all keep getting asked to do more with less, the authors show us how to do less and create more."
Jason Fried | Speaker | TED.com