TEDxMidwest
Jason Fried: Why work doesn't happen at work
Jason Fried: Zakaj se delo ne odvija na delovnem mestu
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Jason Fried predstavlja radikalno teorijo dela: pisarna ni primerno mesto za delo. Na TEDxMidwest je predstavil glavne probleme (in jih imenoval M&Ms) in ponudil tri možnosti, da bi delo postalo delo.
Jason Fried - Software entrepreneur
Jason Fried thinks deeply about collaboration, productivity and the nature of work. He's the co-founder of 37signals, makers of Basecamp and other web-based collaboration tools, and co-author of "Rework." Full bio
Jason Fried thinks deeply about collaboration, productivity and the nature of work. He's the co-founder of 37signals, makers of Basecamp and other web-based collaboration tools, and co-author of "Rework." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So I'm going to talk about work,
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Torej, govoril bom o delu,
00:17
specifically why people can't seem
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natančneje, zakaj ljudje ne morejo
00:19
to get work done at work,
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delati na delovnem mestu,
00:21
which is a problem we all kind of have.
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kar je težava, ki jo imamo vsi.
00:24
But let's, sort of, start at the beginning.
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Naj začnem na začetku.
00:26
So we have companies and non-profits and charities
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Pomislimo na podjetja, dobrodelne organizacije,
00:29
and all these groups
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nevladne organizacije, vse organizacije,
00:31
that have employees
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ki imajo zaposlene
00:33
or volunteers of some sort.
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ali prostovoljce.
00:35
And they expect these people who work for them
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Organizacije pričakujejo, da bodo zaposleni
00:38
to do great work --
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odlično opravili delo --
00:40
I would hope, at least.
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upam, da to pričakujejo.
00:42
At least good work, hopefully, at least it's good work --
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Vsaj dobro opravili, upam, da vsaj to --
00:44
hopefully great work.
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če se da, pa opravili odlično delo.
00:46
And so what they typically do is they decide
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Organizacije se ponavadi odločijo,
00:48
that all these people need to come together in one place
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da naj bodo zaposleni zbrani na enem mestu,
00:50
to do that work.
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medtem ko delajo.
00:52
So a company, or a charity, or an organization of any kind,
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Podjetje, dobrodelna ustanova ali druga organizacija
00:55
they typically -- unless you're working in Africa,
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torej pričakuje -- razen če ne delate v Afriki,
00:57
if you're really lucky to do that --
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če imate to srečo seveda --
00:59
most people have to go to an office every day.
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da bodo ljudje vsak dan prišli v pisarno.
01:01
And so these companies,
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In zato podjetja
01:03
they build offices.
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gradijo pisarniške prostore.
01:05
They go out and they buy a building, or they rent a building,
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Podjetje zgradi ali najame poslovno stavbo,
01:08
or they lease some space,
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ali pa poslovni prostor
01:10
and they fill the space with stuff.
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in ga opremi.
01:13
They fill it with tables, or desks,
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Opremijo ga s pisalnimi mizami, stoli,
01:16
chairs, computer equipment,
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računalniki,
01:18
software,
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programsko opremo,
01:20
Internet access,
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dostopom do interneta,
01:22
maybe a fridge, maybe a few other things,
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morda hladilnikom, morda še s čim,
01:25
and they expect their employees, or their volunteers,
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in pričakujejo da bodo zaposleni, ali prostovoljci,
01:27
to come to that location every day to do great work.
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vsak dan prišli in opravili odlično delo.
01:30
It seems like it's perfectly reasonable to ask that.
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Zdi se, da je taka zahteva razumna.
01:33
However, if you actually talk to people
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Toda, ko povprašate ljudi,
01:35
and even question yourself,
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in ko se zamislite
01:37
and you ask yourself,
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in se vprašate, kje želite delati,
01:39
where do you really want to go when you really need to get something done?
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da resnično naredite zastavljeno,
01:42
You'll find out that people don't say
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tedaj spoznate, da se ljudje
01:44
what businesses think they would say.
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ne strinjajo s podjetji.
01:46
If you ask people the question: where do you really need to go
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Kadar vprašate ljudi, kje želijo delati,
01:48
when you need to get something done?
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da bo delo narejeno,
01:50
Typically you get three different kinds of answers.
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dobite tri tipične odgovore.
01:52
One is kind of a place or a location or a room.
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Prvi omenja prostor, ali lokacijo ali sobo.
01:55
Another one is a moving object
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Drugi omenja transportno sredstvo.
01:57
and a third is a time.
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In tretji omenja čas dneva.
01:59
So here's some examples.
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Na primer.
02:01
When I ask people -- and I've been asking people this question for about 10 years --
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Ko sprašujem ljudi, in taka vprašanja postavljam že deset let,
02:04
I ask them, "Where do you go when you really need to get something done?"
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jih vprašam: "Kam greste, kadar želite resnično nekaj narediti?"
02:06
I'll hear things like, the porch, the deck,
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In slišim odgovore kot veranda, terasa,
02:09
the kitchen.
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kuhinja.
02:11
I'll hear things like an extra room in the house,
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Slišim odgovore kot prazna soba v hiši,
02:13
the basement,
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klet,
02:15
the coffee shop, the library.
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kavarna, knjižnica.
02:18
And then you'll hear things like the train,
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In potem slišim odgovore kot vlak,
02:21
a plane, a car -- so, the commute.
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letalo, avto -- prevozna sredstva torej.
02:24
And then you'll hear people say,
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In nato slišim:
02:26
"Well, it doesn't really matter where I am,
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"Hja, niti ni pomembno kje sem,
02:28
as long as it's really early in the morning or really late at night or on the weekends."
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le da je to zgodaj zjutraj ali pozno zvečer ali med vikendi".
02:31
You almost never hear someone say the office.
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Skoraj nikdar pa ne slišim pisarna.
02:34
But businesses are spending all this money on this place called the office,
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Pa vendar podjetja zapravljajo denar za pisarne
02:37
and they're making people go to it all the time,
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in silijo ljudi, da v njih preživljajo delovnik,
02:39
yet people don't do work in the office.
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čeprav ljudje v pisarnah sploh ne delajo.
02:42
What is that about?
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Čemu smo priča?
02:44
Why is that?
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Zakaj je tako?
02:46
Why is that happening?
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Zakaj se to dogaja?
02:49
And what you find out is that, if you dig a little bit deeper,
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Ko pobrskate globlje ugotovite,
02:51
you find out that people --
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da ljudje --
02:53
this is what happens --
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tole se zgodi:
02:55
people go to work,
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ljudje gredo na delo,
02:57
and they're basically trading in their workday
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v resnici pa zamenjajo delovnik za
02:59
for a series of "work moments."
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niz delovnih trenutkov.
03:01
That's what happens at the office.
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To se zgodi v pisarni.
03:03
You don't have a workday anymore. You have work moments.
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Delovnik ne obstaja več, so samo še delovni trenutki.
03:05
It's like the front door of the office is like a Cuisinart,
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Kot da s prihodom v pisarno stopiš v mesoreznico
03:08
and you walk in and your day is shredded to bits,
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in tvoj delovni dan je sesekljan v koščke,
03:10
because you have 15 minutes here and 30 minutes there,
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15 minut tukaj, 30 minut tam,
03:13
and then something else happens and you're pulled off your work,
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in se zgodi nekaj novega in te odtegne delu,
03:15
and you've got to do something else, then you have 20 minutes, then it's lunch.
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in moraš zopet postoriti nekaj drugega, pa imaš 20 minut za delo, in potem kosilo.
03:18
Then you have something else to do.
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Potem je potrebno postoriti to in ono,
03:20
Then you've got 15 minutes, and someone pulls you aside and asks you this question,
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zopet dobiš 15 minut za delo in zopet te nekdo zmoti z vprašanjem.
03:23
and before you know it, it's 5 p.m.,
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In predno se zaveš je ura pet, popoldan,
03:26
and you look back on the day,
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pogled nazaj pa ti pokaže,
03:28
and you realize that you didn't get anything done.
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da nisi naredil ničesar.
03:30
I mean, we've all been through this.
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Vsi smo že doživeli to.
03:32
We probably went through it yesterday,
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Možno, da smo to doživeli včeraj,
03:34
or the day before, or the day before that.
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ali predvčerajšnjim, ali dan predtem.
03:36
You look back on your day, and you're like, I got nothing done today.
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Ozreš se nazaj na dan in ugotoviš, da nisi nič naredil.
03:39
I was at work.
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Bil sem v službi.
03:41
I sat at my desk. I used my expensive computer.
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Lepo za pisalno mizo in za dragim računalnikom.
03:44
I used the software they told me to use.
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Delal sem s programsko opremo, ki so mi jo dali.
03:46
I went to these meetings I was asked to go to.
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Bil sem na sestankih, na katere sem bil vabljen.
03:49
I did these conference calls. I did all this stuff.
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Imel sem konferenčne klice. Vse to sem delal.
03:51
But I didn't actually do anything.
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V resnici pa nisem prav ničesar naredil.
03:54
I just did tasks.
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Samo delal sem.
03:56
I didn't actually get meaningful work done.
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Vendar pa nisem delal smiselnih opravil.
03:58
And what you find is that, especially with creative people --
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In tako ugotovitie, pravposebej pri kreativnih ljudeh,
04:01
designers, programmers,
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dizajnerjih, programerjih,
04:03
writers, engineers,
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pisateljih, inžinerjih,
04:05
thinkers --
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mislecih,
04:07
that people really need
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da ljudje resnično potrebujemo
04:09
long stretches of uninterrupted time to get something done.
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daljša, neprekinjena obdobja, da nekaj naredimo.
04:12
You cannot ask somebody to be creative in 15 minutes
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Ne morete zahtevati, da so ljudje ustvarjalni v 15 minutah
04:15
and really think about a problem.
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in se resnično poglobijo v problem.
04:17
You might have a quick idea,
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Ideje lahko hitro dobimo, toda da celostno
04:19
but to be in deep thought about a problem and really consider a problem carefully,
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in celovito in skrbno pretehtamo problem
04:22
you need long stretches of uninterrupted time.
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potrebujemo daljša neprekinjena obdobja.
04:25
And even though the workday is typically eight hours,
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Čeprav običajen delovni dan traja osem ur,
04:28
how many people here have ever had eight hours to themselves at the office?
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je vprašanje koliko ljudi sploh ima teh osem ur mir za delo?
04:31
How about seven hours?
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Jih imate sedem?
04:33
Six? Five? Four?
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Šest? Pet? Štiri?
04:36
When's the last time you had three hours to yourself at the office?
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Kdaj ste v pisarni nazadnje imeli tri ure miru za delo?
04:39
Two hours? One, maybe?
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Dve uri? Eno morda?
04:41
Very, very few people actually have
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Izjemno malo ljudi ima v pisarni
04:43
long stretches of uninterrupted time at an office.
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daljša neprekinjena obdobja za delo.
04:46
And this is why people choose to do work at home,
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In zato ljudje raje delajo doma,
04:49
or they might go to the office,
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ali pa gredo v pisarno,
04:51
but they might go to the office really early in the day,
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vendar zgodaj zjutraj
04:53
or late at night when no one's around,
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ali pozno zvečer ko ni nikogar,
04:55
or they stick around after everyone's left, or they go in on the weekends,
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ali pa ostanejo, ko ni nikogar več, ali pridejo ob vikendih,
04:58
or they get work done on the plane,
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ali pa delajo na letalu,
05:00
or they get work done in the car or in the train
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ali pa v avtomobilu ali na vlaku,
05:02
because there are no distractions.
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ker jih tam nihče ne moti.
05:04
Now, there are different kinds of distractions,
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Obstaja več vrst motenj,
05:06
but there aren't the really bad kinds of distractions
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tudi izjemno hude,
05:08
that I'll talk about in just a minute.
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ki jih bom v kratkem opisal.
05:10
And this sort of whole phenomenon
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Celoten pojav kratkih obdobij
05:12
of having short bursts of time to get things done
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v katerih lahko delamo
05:14
reminds me of another thing
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me spominja na drugo dejavnost,
05:16
that doesn't work when you're interrupted,
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ki ne deluje, če vas motijo.
05:18
and that is sleep.
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To je spanje.
05:20
I think that sleep and work are very closely related,
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Menim, da sta spanje in delo tesno povezana.
05:22
and it's not just that you can work while you're sleeping
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Ne samo tako, da ne morete delati kadar spite
05:24
and you can sleep while you're working.
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in ne morete spati kadar delate.
05:26
That's not really what I mean.
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Nisem mislil tega.
05:28
I'm talking specifically about the fact
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Govorim o dejstvu,
05:30
that sleep and work
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da sta spanje in delo
05:32
are phased-based,
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fazni dejavnosti,
05:34
or stage-based, events.
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dejavnosti s stopnjami.
05:37
So sleep is about sleep phases, or stages --
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Spanje ima tako več faz,
05:40
some people call them different things.
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ljudje jih poimenujejo različno.
05:42
There's five of them,
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Teh faz je pet
05:44
and in order to get to the really deep ones, the really meaningful ones,
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in v globoke faze, v pravo spanje, vstopimo
05:47
you have to go through the early ones.
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preko manj globokih.
05:49
And if you're interrupted while you're going through the early ones --
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Toda kar vas zmotijo v neki fazi,
05:51
if someone bumps you in bed,
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če se nekdo zaleti v posteljo,
05:53
or if there's a sound, or whatever happens --
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ali vas zdrami zvok, ali kaj drugega,
05:56
you don't just pick up where you left off.
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potem ne morete preprosto nadeljevati s spanjem.
05:58
If you're interrupted and woken up,
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Prebudili ste se
06:00
you have to start again.
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in začeti morate znova.
06:02
So you have to go back a few phases and start again.
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In tako zopet začnete od začetka.
06:05
And what ends up happening -- sometimes you might have days like this
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Posledice tega so -- recimo, da se zbudite
06:07
where you wake up at eight in the morning, or seven in the morning,
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ob osmih zjutraj, ali ob sedmih, ali kadarkoli
06:09
or whenever you get up,
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pač vstajate -- in ko vstanete
06:11
and you're like, man, I didn't really sleep very well.
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ugotovite kako ste slabo spali.
06:13
I did the sleep thing -- I went to bed, I laid down --
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To sem izkusil -- šel sem spat, se ulegel --
06:16
but I didn't really sleep.
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pa nisem spal.
06:18
People say you go to sleep,
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Pravimo, da gremo spat
06:21
but you really don't go to sleep, you go towards sleep.
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pa v resnici ne gremo, pač pa gremo proti spanju.
06:23
It just takes a while. You've got to go through these phases and stuff,
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Traja nekaj časa; človek mora preiti več faz spanja.
06:26
and if you're interrupted, you don't sleep well.
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In kadar te prekinejo, ne spiš dobro.
06:28
So how do we expect -- does anyone here expect someone to sleep well
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Kako lahko torej pričakujemo -- si kdo domišlja,
06:30
if they're interrupted all night?
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da bo dobro spal, kadar ga motijo celo noč?
06:32
I don't think anyone would say yes.
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Mislim, da ne bo nihče pritrdil temu.
06:34
Why do we expect people to work well
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Kako lahko torej pričakujemo, da bodo ljudje dobro delali,
06:36
if they're being interrupted all day at the office?
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če pa jih cel dan motimo?
06:38
How can we possibly expect people to do their job
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Kako lahko sploh pričakujemo, da bodo ljudje opravili svoj posel,
06:41
if they're going to the office to be interrupted?
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če pa jih v pisarni kar naprej motimo?
06:43
That doesn't really seem like it makes a lot of sense to me.
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To vse skupaj nima smisla.
06:46
So what are these interruptions that happen at the office
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Kaj so potemtakem motnje, ki se dogajajo
06:48
that don't happen at other places?
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v pisarni drugje pa ne?
06:50
Because in other places, you can have interruptions,
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Motnje so prisotne povsod,
06:52
like, you can have the TV,
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npr. gledamo televizijo,
06:54
or you could go for a walk,
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ali sprehod,
06:56
or there's a fridge downstairs,
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ali pa do hladilnika,
06:58
or you've got your own couch, or whatever you want to do.
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ali na divan, ali kaj drugega.
07:01
And if you talk to certain managers,
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Če vprašate menedžerje
07:03
they'll tell you that they don't want their employees to work at home
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bodo rekli, da ne želijo, da ljudje delajo od doma
07:06
because of these distractions.
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zaradi teh motenj.
07:08
They'll also say --
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Dodali bodo še,
07:10
sometimes they'll also say,
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no, včasih bodo rekli:
07:12
"Well, if I can't see the person, how do I know they're working?"
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"Če ne vidim človeka, kako vem da dela?"
07:14
which is ridiculous, of course, but that's one of the excuses that managers give.
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Kar je smešno, toda to so menedžerski izgovori.
07:17
And I'm one of these managers.
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In sam sem izmed teh menedžerjev.
07:19
I understand. I know how this goes.
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Vem kako to gre.
07:21
We all have to improve on this sort of thing.
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Na tem področju se moramo izboljšati.
07:23
But oftentimes they'll cite distractions.
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Toda pogosto bodo omenili motnje.
07:25
"I can't let someone work at home.
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"Ne smem dovoliti, da ljudje delajo od doma".
07:27
They'll watch TV. They'll do this other thing."
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"Gledali bodo TV. Počeli bodo druge stvari".
07:29
It turns out that those aren't the things that are really distracting.
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Izkaže se, da te motnje niso resnično moteče.
07:32
Because those are voluntary distractions.
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So namreč prostovoljne.
07:34
You decide when you want to be distracted by the TV.
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Človek se odloči, kdaj se bo zamotil s televizijo.
07:36
You decide when you want to turn something on.
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Odločiš se, kdaj boš nekaj vklopil.
07:38
You decide when you want to go downstairs or go for a walk.
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Odločiš še, kdaj boš šel v kuhinjo ali na sprehod.
07:41
At the office, most of the interruptions and distractions
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V pisarni pa je večina motenj in prekinitev,
07:43
that really cause people not to get work done
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ki onemogočajo delo,
07:45
are involuntary.
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neprostovoljnih.
07:47
So let's go through a couple of those.
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Oglejmo si nekaj teh motenj.
07:50
Now, managers and bosses
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Menedžerji in šefi
07:52
will often have you think that the real distractions at work
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vas bodo prepričevali, da so resnične delovne motnje
07:55
are things like Facebook and Twitter
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stvari kot sta Facebook ali Twitter,
07:58
and YouTube and other websites,
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ali YouTube ali druge spletne strani.
08:01
and in fact, they'll go so far
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Dejansko bodo ukrepali drastično tako,
08:03
as to actually ban these sites at work.
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da bodo zaprli dostop do teh spletnih strani.
08:05
Some of you may work at places where you can't get to these certain sites.
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Nekateri delate v podjetjih, kjer ne morete dostopati do teh spletnih strani.
08:08
I mean, is this China? What the hell is going on here?
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Smo morda na Kitajskem? Kaj se dogaja?
08:11
You can't go to a website at work,
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V pisarni ne moreš dostopati do spletne strani,
08:13
and that's the problem, that's why people aren't getting work done,
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ker je ta vzrok, da ljudje ne opravijo dela,
08:15
because they're going to Facebook and they're going to Twitter?
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ker obiskujejo Facebook in Twitter?
08:17
That's kind of ridiculous. It's a total decoy.
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To je smešno. To je prevara.
08:22
And today's Facebook and Twitter and YouTube,
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Facebook, Twitter in YouTube
08:24
these things are just modern-day smoke breaks.
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so samo moderne čik-pavze.
08:27
No one cared about letting people take a smoke break for 15 minutes
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Pred desetimi leti se nihče ni vzemirjal
08:29
10 years ago,
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zaradi 15 minutnega cigareta.
08:31
so why does everyone care about someone going to Facebook here and there,
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Zakaj se torej vznemirjamo zaradi občasnega
08:33
or Twitter here and there, or YouTube here and there?
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obiskovanja Facebooka, Twitterja ali YouTuba?
08:35
Those aren't the real problems in the office.
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To niso pravi problemi dela v pisarni.
08:38
The real problems are what I like to call
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Prave probleme imenujem
08:40
the M&Ms,
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M&M,
08:42
the Managers and the Meetings.
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menedžerji in sestanki.
08:44
Those are the real problems in the modern office today.
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To so pravi problemi dela v pisarni.
08:47
And this is why things don't get done at work --
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In to so razlogi, zakaj v pisarni ne moremo delati,
08:50
it's because of the M&Ms.
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zaradi M&M.
08:52
Now what's interesting is,
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Zanimivo je, da na mestih
08:54
if you listen to all the places that people talk about doing work --
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kjer so ljudje produktivni,
08:57
like at home, or in a car, or on a plane,
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npr. doma, v avtu, na letalu,
08:59
or late at night, or early in the morning --
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ali ponoči, ali zgodaj zjutraj,
09:01
you don't find managers and meetings.
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ni menedžerjev in sestankov.
09:03
You find a lot of other distractions, but you don't find managers and meetings.
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Še vedno so prisotne motnje, ni pa menedžerjev in sestankov.
09:06
So these are the things that you don't find elsewhere,
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To sta torej motnji, ki ju drugje ni,
09:09
but you do find at the office.
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v pisarni pa sta.
09:12
And managers are basically people
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Bistvena naloga menedžerjev je,
09:14
whose job it is to interrupt people.
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da motijo ljudi.
09:16
That's pretty much what managers are for. They're for interrupting people.
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To je njihov smisel, da motijo ljudi.
09:19
They don't really do the work,
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V resnici ne delajo,
09:21
so they have to make sure everyone else is doing the work, which is an interruption.
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zato morajo poskrbeti, da delajo drugi, to pa je motnja.
09:24
And we have a lot of managers in the world now,
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In danes je na svetu veliko menedžerjev.
09:26
and there's a lot of people in the world now,
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In veliko ljudi.
09:28
and there's a lot of interruptions in the world now because of these managers.
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In zato je na svetu veliko motenj.
09:30
They have to check in: "Hey, how's it going?
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Menedžerji preverjajo:"Zdravo, kako gre?"
09:32
Show me what's up," and this sort of thing
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"Pokaži mi, kaj počneš," in podobne fraze.
09:34
and they keep interrupting you at the wrong time,
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Tako motijo ljudi, medtem ko ti poskušajo
09:36
while you're actually trying to do something they're paying you to do,
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narediti to za kar so plačani.
09:39
they tend to interrupt you.
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Menedžerji pa jih motijo.
09:41
That's kind of bad.
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To je slabo.
09:43
But what's even worse is the thing that managers do most of all,
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Še slabša je druga menedžerska razvada,
09:46
which is call meetings.
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to je sestankovanje.
09:48
And meetings are just toxic,
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Sestanki so strupeni,
09:50
terrible, poisonous things
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grozni, strupeni trenutki
09:53
during the day at work.
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v delovnem dnevu.
09:55
We all know this to be true,
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Vsi vemo, da to drži.
09:58
and you would never see a spontaneous meeting called by employees.
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Zaposleni nikdar ne skličejo sestanka.
10:00
It doesn't work that way.
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To preprosto ne deluje.
10:02
The manager calls the meeting
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Menedžerji sklicujejo sestanke,
10:04
so the employees can all come together,
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da se dobijo z zaposlenimi,
10:06
and it's an incredibly disruptive thing to do to people --
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kar je izredno moteče.
10:08
is to say, "Hey look,
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Oznanijo: "Imeli bomo sestanek
10:10
we're going to bring 10 people together right now and have a meeting.
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desetih ljudi takoj zdaj".
10:13
I don't care what you're doing.
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"Ne zanima me, kaj počneš,
10:15
Just, you've got to stop doing what you're doing, so you can have this meeting."
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prekini z delom in pridi na sestanek".
10:18
I mean, what are the chances that all 10 people are ready to stop?
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Kakšna je verjetnost, da vseh deset ljudi ravno končuje z delom?
10:21
What if they're thinking about something important?
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Kaj če razmišljajo o čem važnem?
10:23
What if they're doing important work?
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Kaj če delajo kaj pomembenga?
10:25
All of a sudden you're telling them that they have to stop doing that
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Toda nenadoma jih prekinemo zato,
10:27
to do something else.
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da počno nekaj drugega.
10:29
So they go into a meeting room, they get together,
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Sestanejo se torej v konferenčni sobi
10:32
and they talk about stuff that doesn't really matter usually.
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in premlevajo zadeve, ki jih ne zanimajo.
10:35
Because meetings aren't work.
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Ker sestanki niso delo.
10:37
Meetings are places to go to talk about things you're supposed to be doing later.
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Sestanki so srečanja na katerih se pogovarjaš o prihodnjem delu.
10:40
But meetings also procreate.
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Toda sestanki se tudi množijo.
10:42
So one meeting tends to lead to another meeting
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Začetnemu sestanku sledi drugi,
10:44
and tends to lead to another meeting.
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temu pa tretji.
10:46
There's often too many people in the meetings,
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Pogosto je na sestankih preveč ljudi,
10:48
and they're very, very expensive to the organization.
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kar je zelo drago za podjetje.
10:51
Companies often think of a one-hour meeting as a one-hour meeting,
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Čeprav menimo, da enourni sestanek vzame eno uro,
10:54
but that's not true, unless there's only one person in that meeting.
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pa to ni res, razen kadar je na sestanku en sam človek.
10:57
If there are 10 people in the meeting, it's a 10-hour meeting; it's not a one-hour meeting.
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Če je tam deset ljudi, potem je to deseturni sestanek, ne enourni.
11:00
It's 10 hours of productivity taken from the rest of the organization
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Deset ur dela je bilo odvzetega podjetju
11:03
to have this one one-hour meeting,
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za enourni sestanek.
11:05
which probably should have been handled by two or three people
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Ki bi ga verjetno morala opraviti dva človeka
11:08
talking for a few minutes.
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v nekaj minutah.
11:10
But instead, there's a long scheduled meeting,
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Toda namesto tega imamo dolge sestanke,
11:12
because meetings are scheduled the way software works,
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ker so sestanki načrtovani kot določajo programska orodja.
11:15
which is in increments of 15 minutes, or 30 minutes, or an hour.
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To pomeni v korakih po 15 minut, 30 minut ali eno uro.
11:18
You don't schedule an eight-hour meeting with Outlook.
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V Outlooku ne morete sklicati 8-minutnega sestanka.
11:20
You can't. I don't even know if you can.
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Ne morete.
11:22
You can go 15 minutes or 30 minutes or 45 minutes or an hour.
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Lahko naredite 15 minutni, 30, 45 minutni ali enourni sestanek.
11:25
And so we tend to fill these times up
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To nas nagiba, da zapolnimo celoten čas sestanka,
11:27
when things should really go really quickly.
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čeprav bi se stvari lahko odvile zelo hitro.
11:29
So meetings and managers are two major problems in businesses today,
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Tako so sestanki in menedžerji glavni problem v poslovanju,
11:32
especially to offices.
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posebej glede dela v pisarnah.
11:34
These things don't exist outside of the office.
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Ti dve motnji ne obstajata izven pisarne.
11:37
So I have some suggestions
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Zato predlagam nekaj zdravil
11:39
to remedy the situation.
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za trenutno stanje.
11:42
What can managers do --
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Kaj lahko menedžerji storijo --
11:44
enlightened managers, hopefully --
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razsvetljeni menedžerji --
11:46
what can they do to make the office a better place for people to work,
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kar lahko storijo za izboljšanje delovnih pogojev,
11:49
so it's not the last resort, but it's the first resort?
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da postane pisarna prva in ne zadnja izbira,
11:52
It's that people start to say,
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da bi ljudje začeli govoriti
11:54
"When I really want to get stuff done, I go to the office."
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"Ko želim kaj narediti, grem v pisarno?"
11:56
Because the offices are well equipped,
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Ker pisarne so popolno opremljene,
11:58
everything should be there for them to do their work,
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vse imamo pri roki za delo,
12:00
but they don't want to go there right now, so how do we change that?
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pa vseeno ne gremo delat v pisarno. Kako bomo to spremenili?
12:03
I have three suggestions I'll share with you guys.
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Z vami bom podelil tri predloge.
12:05
I have about three minutes, so that'll fit perfectly.
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Ostanejo mi še tri minute, ravno prav.
12:08
We've all heard of the casual Friday thing.
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Vsi smo že slišali za Sproščeni petek.
12:11
I don't know if people still do that.
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Ne vem, če ljudje to še počno.
12:13
But how about "no-talk Thursdays?"
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Kaj pa "Ne govori četrtek"?
12:16
How about --
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Kaj pa --
12:18
pick one Thursday once a month
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izberite en četrtek v mesecu,
12:20
and cut that day in half and just say the afternoon -- I'll make it really easy for you.
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ga razdelite na pol in določite popoldan -- res vam bom poenostavil.
12:23
So just the afternoon, one Thursday.
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Torej eno popoldne, en četrtek.
12:25
The first Thursday of the month -- just the afternoon --
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Prvi četrtek v mesecu, zgolj popoldan,
12:27
nobody in the office can talk to each other.
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se v pisarnah ne smemo pogovarjati.
12:29
Just silence, that's it.
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Zgolj tišina, tako.
12:31
And what you'll find
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Ugotovili boste,
12:33
is that a tremendous amount of work actually gets done
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da naredite ogromno.
12:35
when no one talks to each other.
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ko se ne pogovarjate.
12:37
This is when people actually get stuff done,
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Ljudje naredijo stvari,
12:39
is when no one's bothering them, when no one's interrupting them.
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ko jih nihče ne moti, jih ne prekinja.
12:41
And you can give someone -- giving someone four hours of uninterrupted time
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Ko nekomu podarite štiri ure, ki jih porabi samo za delo,
12:44
is the best gift you can give anybody at work.
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je to največ, kar mu lahko podarite v službi.
12:46
It's better than a computer.
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To je več kot računalnik.
12:48
It's better than a new monitor. It's better than new software,
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Je bolje kot nov monitor. Je bolje kot nov program,
12:51
or whatever people typically use.
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ali kaj drugega kar ljudje uporabljamo.
12:53
Giving them four hours of quiet time at the office
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Štiri ure miru in tišine v pisarni
12:55
is going to be incredibly valuable.
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ima neznansko vrednost.
12:57
And if you try that, I think you'll find that you agree.
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Če to poskusite, se boste strinjali z menoj.
12:59
And maybe, hopefully you can do it more often.
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Morda, upam da boste to lahko večkrat počeli.
13:01
So maybe it's every other week,
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Mogoče vsak drugi teden,
13:03
or every week, once a week,
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ali vsak teden, enkrat tedensko,
13:05
afternoons no one can talk to each other.
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se ob popoldnevih ne sme nihče pogovarjati,
13:07
That's something that you'll find will really, really work.
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Ugotovili boste, da resnično deluje.
13:10
Another thing you can try
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Poskusite lahko tudi
13:12
is switching from active
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presedlati iz
13:14
communication and collaboration,
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aktivne komunikacije in sodelovanja,
13:16
which is like face-to-face stuff,
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npr. osebnih stikov,
13:18
tapping people on the shoulder, saying hi to them, having meetings,
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trpeljanja po ramenih, pozdravljanja, sestankovanja,
13:21
and replace that with more passive models of communication,
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na bolj pasivne modele komunikacije npr.
13:23
using things like email and instant messaging,
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elektronsko pošto ali hipno sporočanje
13:26
or collaboration products -- things like that.
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ali platforme skupinskega dela.
13:29
Now some people might say email is really distracting
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Nekateri ljudje menijo, da je elektronska pošta moteča
13:32
and I.M. is really distracting,
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in da je hipno sporočanje resnično moteče,
13:34
and these other things are really distracting,
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ter da so tudi ostale stvari resnično moteče,
13:36
but they're distracting at a time of your own choice and your own choosing.
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vendar so moteče kadar vi želite.
13:39
You can quit the email app; you can't quit your boss.
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Elektronsko pošto lahko izključite, ne morete pa izključiti šefa.
13:42
You can quit I.M.;
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Lahko izključite hipno sporočanje,
13:44
you can't hide your manager.
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ne pa svojega menedžerja.
13:46
You can put these things away,
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Vse te stvari lahko odstranite
13:48
and then you can be interrupted on your own schedule, at your own time,
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in se tako odločite kdaj vas lahko motijo,
13:51
when you're available, when you're ready to go again.
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kdaj ste na voljo, kdaj ste pripravljeni delati.
13:53
Because work, like sleep, happens in phases.
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Ker delo se, tako kot spanje, odvija v fazah.
13:56
So you're going to be kind of going up and doing some work,
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Tako se recimo lotiš nekega dela,
13:58
and then you're going to come down from that work,
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ga dokončaš in potem pregledaš
14:00
and then maybe it's time to check that email, or check that I.M.
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elektronsko pošto, ali preveriš hipno sporočanje.
14:02
And there are very, very few things that are that urgent
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Konec koncev je izjemno malo stvari,
14:05
that need to happen, that need to be answered right this second.
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ki so nujne, na katere moramo takoj odgovoriti.
14:08
So if you're a manager,
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Če ste torej menedžer,
14:10
start encouraging people to use more things like I.M. and email
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spodbujajte ljudi, da bi več uporabljali elektronsko pošto
14:12
and other things that someone else can put away
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in ostale načine, ki drugim omogočajo
14:14
and then get back to you on their own schedule.
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komunikacijo v skladu z njihovim urnikom.
14:16
And the last suggestion I have
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Moje zadnje priporočilo je,
14:19
is that, if you do have a meeting coming up,
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da naslednji sestanek,
14:22
if you have the power,
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če je to v vaši moči,
14:24
just cancel. Just cancel that next meeting.
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odpoveste. Enostavno ga odpoveste.
14:28
Today's Friday -- so Monday, usually people have meetings on Monday.
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Danes je petek -- torej v ponedeljek, ko je navadno dan za sestanke.
14:30
Just don't have it.
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Enostavno ga odpovejte.
14:32
I don't mean move it;
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Ne mislim premaknite,
14:34
I mean just erase it from memory, it's gone.
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pač pa ga izbrišite iz spomina.
14:36
And you'll find out that everything will be just fine.
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Ugotovili boste, da je čisto v redu.
14:39
All these discussions and decisions you thought you had to make
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Vse razprave in odločitve, za katere menite, da so nujne
14:41
at this one time at 9 a.m. on Monday,
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ob 9:00 v ponedeljek zjutraj --
14:43
just forget about them, and things will be just fine.
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pozabite na njih in vse bo v redu.
14:45
People have a more open morning, they can actually think,
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Ljudje bodo imeli bolj sproščeno jutro in bodo razmišljali.
14:48
and you'll find out that maybe all these things you thought you had to do,
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Ugotovili boste, da opravila, ki naj bi bila nujna,
14:50
you don't actually have to do.
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sploh niso taka.
14:52
So those are just three quick suggestions I wanted to give you guys
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To so torej trije nasveti, ki sem vam jih želel dati
14:54
to think about this.
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za razmislek.
14:56
And I hope that some of these ideas
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Upam, da bo kakšna ideja
14:58
were at least provocative enough
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dovolj provokativna
15:00
for managers and bosses and business owners
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za menedžerje in šefe in lastnike
15:02
and organizers and people who are in charge of other people
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in organizatorje in ljudi, ki vodijo druge ljudi,
15:05
to think about laying off a little bit
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da bodo malo popustili
15:07
and giving people some more time to get some work done.
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in dali ljudem več časa za delo.
15:09
And I think it'll all pay off in the end.
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Menim, da se to na koncu splača.
15:11
So thanks for listening.
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Hvala.
15:13
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jason Fried - Software entrepreneurJason Fried thinks deeply about collaboration, productivity and the nature of work. He's the co-founder of 37signals, makers of Basecamp and other web-based collaboration tools, and co-author of "Rework."
Why you should listen
Jason Fried is the co-founder and president of 37signals , a Chicago-based company that builds web-based productivity tools that, in their words, "do less than the competition -- intentionally." 37signals' simple but powerful collaboration tools include Basecamp, Highrise, Backpack, Campfire, Ta-da List, and Writeboard. 37signals also developed and open-sourced the Ruby on Rails programming framework.
Fried is the co-author, with David Heinemeier Hansson, of the book Rework, about new ways to conceptualize working and creating. Salon's Scott Rosenberg called it "a minimalist manifesto that's profoundly practical. In a world where we all keep getting asked to do more with less, the authors show us how to do less and create more."
Jason Fried | Speaker | TED.com