TEDGlobal 2014
Boniface Mwangi: The day I stood up alone
Boniface Mwangi: Deň, keď som povstal sám
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Fotograf Boniface Mwangi chcel protestovať proti korupcii v jeho rodnej Keni. Pripravil si plán, ako sa on a niekoľko jeho priateľov postaví a preruší veľký verejný prejav prezidenta. Ale keď tento moment nastal, bol jediným, kto povstal. Čo nasledovalo mu ukázalo, kým skutočne je. Ako sám hovorí: „Sú dva najsilnejšie momenty v našom živote. Deň, keď sa narodíme, a deň, keď zistíme prečo.“
Video obsahuje názorné obrazy násilia.
Boniface Mwangi -
Boniface Mwangi is an award-winning Kenyan photographer, artist and activist. He is a TED Fellow. Full bio
Boniface Mwangi is an award-winning Kenyan photographer, artist and activist. He is a TED Fellow. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
People back home call me a heckler,
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Ľudia v mojej zemi ma nazývajú provokatér,
00:16
a troublemaker, an irritant,
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výtržník, burič,
00:19
a rebel, an activist,
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rebelant, aktivista,
00:21
the voice of the people.
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hlas ľudu.
00:23
But that wasn't always me.
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Taký som ale vždy nebýval.
00:26
Growing up, I had a nickname.
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Ako chlapec som mal prezývku.
00:28
They used to call me Softy,
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Volali ma Softy,
(smiech)
00:30
meaning the soft, harmless boy.
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čo v preklade znamená jemný,
neškodný chlapec.
neškodný chlapec.
00:33
Like every other human being,
I avoided trouble.
I avoided trouble.
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Vyhýbal som sa problémom rovnako,
ako každý iný.
ako každý iný.
00:36
In my childhood, they taught me silence.
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V detstve ma učili byť ticho.
00:38
Don't argue, do as you're told.
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Nehádať sa a robiť to, čo povedia.
00:40
In Sunday school, they taught me
don't confront, don't argue,
don't confront, don't argue,
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V nedeľnej škole, ma učili to isté.
Nehádať sa, neoponovať.
Nehádať sa, neoponovať.
Dokonca aj vtedy, keď mám pravdu.
00:44
even if you're right,
turn the other cheek.
turn the other cheek.
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00:47
This was reinforced
by the political climate of the time.
by the political climate of the time.
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Politická situácia v krajine
to ešte upevňovala.
to ešte upevňovala.
(smiech)
00:52
(Laughter)
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Keňa je krajinou, v ktorej si vinný,
00:55
Kenya is a country
where you are guilty
where you are guilty
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00:57
until proven rich.
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kým sa neukáže, že si bohatý.
(smiech)
01:00
(Laughter)
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Ak si chudobný,
01:02
Kenya's poor are five times more likely
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je päťkrát väčšia pravdepodobnosť,
01:05
to be shot dead by the police
who are meant to protect them
who are meant to protect them
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že budeš zastrelený políciou,
ktorá ťa má chrániť
ktorá ťa má chrániť
01:08
than by criminals.
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ako to, že budeš
zastrelený kriminálnikom.
zastrelený kriminálnikom.
01:10
This was reinforced
by the political climate of the day.
by the political climate of the day.
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Toto upevňovala
politická situácia v krajine.
politická situácia v krajine.
01:12
We had a president,
Moi, who was a dictator.
Moi, who was a dictator.
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Keňský prezident Moi bol diktátor.
01:15
He ruled the country with an iron fist,
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Krajinu spravoval železnou päsťou
01:18
and anyone who dared
question his authority
question his authority
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a ktokoľvek, kto pochyboval
o jeho autorite,
o jeho autorite,
01:20
was arrested, tortured,
jailed or even killed.
jailed or even killed.
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bol zatknutý, mučený, uväznený,
alebo dokonca zabitý.
Ľudí teda učili byť šikovnými zbabelcami
01:25
That meant that people were taught
to be smart cowards, stay out of trouble.
to be smart cowards, stay out of trouble.
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a vyhýbať sa problémom.
01:29
Being a coward was not an insult.
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Byť zbabelcom nebola urážka.
Byť zbabelcom bol kompliment.
01:31
Being a coward was a compliment.
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01:33
We used to be told that a coward
goes home to his mother.
goes home to his mother.
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Hovorili nám, že zbabelec
sa vráti domov k matke.
sa vráti domov k matke.
01:36
What that meant: that if you stayed
out of trouble you're going to stay alive.
out of trouble you're going to stay alive.
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To znamenalo, že ak sa vyhneme problémom,
zostaneme nažive.
01:40
I used to question this advice,
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Zvykol som o tom pochybovať.
01:42
and eight years ago
we had an election in Kenya,
we had an election in Kenya,
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Pred ôsmimi rokmi sme mali v Keni voľby
a výsledky boli prudko spochybnené.
01:45
and the results were violently disputed.
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Čo nasledovalo potom,
01:47
What followed that election
was terrible violence, rape,
was terrible violence, rape,
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bolo strašné násilie, znásilňovanie
01:52
and the killing of over 1,000 people.
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a smrť vyše 1000 ľudí.
01:56
My work was to document the violence.
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Mojou úlohou bolo zdokumentovať násilie.
01:59
As a photographer,
I took thousands of images,
I took thousands of images,
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Ako fotograf som zachytil tisícky snímkov
02:02
and after two months,
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a po dvoch mesiacoch,
02:04
the two politicians came together,
had a cup of tea,
had a cup of tea,
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sa dvaja politici stretli,
dali si spolu čaj,
02:09
signed a peace agreement,
and the country moved on.
and the country moved on.
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podpísali mierovú dohodu
a krajina fungovala ďalej.
a krajina fungovala ďalej.
Bol som veľmi znepokojený,
02:12
I was a very disturbed man
because I saw the violence firsthand.
because I saw the violence firsthand.
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pretože som videl násilie na vlastné oči.
02:16
I saw the killings.
I saw the displacement.
I saw the displacement.
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Videl som zabíjanie.
Videl som vysťahovanie.
Videl som vysťahovanie.
Stretol som ženu, ktorú znásilnili,
02:19
I met women who had been raped,
and it disturbed me,
and it disturbed me,
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to ma znepokojilo, no všetci o tom mlčali.
02:22
but the country never spoke about it.
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Predstierali sme.
02:24
We pretended. We all became smart cowards.
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Všetci sme sa stali šikovnými zbabelcami.
02:27
We decided to stay out of trouble
and not talk about it.
and not talk about it.
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Rozhodli sme sa
nerobiť problémy a byť ticho.
nerobiť problémy a byť ticho.
O 10 mesiacov neskôr
som odišiel z práce.
som odišiel z práce.
02:30
Ten months later, I quit my job.
I said I could not stand it anymore.
I said I could not stand it anymore.
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Už som to viac nemohol vydržať.
Po odchode z práce,
som zmobilizoval mojich priateľov,
som zmobilizoval mojich priateľov,
02:34
After quitting my job,
I decided to organize my friends
I decided to organize my friends
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aby rozprávali o násilí v krajine,
02:36
to speak about
the violence in the country,
the violence in the country,
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o stave nášho národa.
02:38
to speak about the state of the nation,
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02:40
and June 1, 2009 was the day
that we were meant to go to the stadium
that we were meant to go to the stadium
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A tak sme sa rozhodli, že
1. júna 2009 pôjdeme na štadión
a pokúsime sa získať
prezidentovu pozornosť.
prezidentovu pozornosť.
02:44
and try and get the president's attention.
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02:46
It's a national holiday,
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Je to národný sviatok,
ktorý je vysielaný po celej krajine.
02:48
it's broadcast across the country,
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02:49
and I showed up at the stadium.
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Prišiel som teda na štadión,
02:53
My friends did not show up.
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no moji priatelia tam neboli.
02:56
I found myself alone,
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Zostal som tam sám
02:59
and I didn't know what to do.
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a nevedel som, čo robiť.
Bol som vydesený,
03:02
I was scared,
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03:03
but I knew very well
that that particular day,
that that particular day,
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ale veľmi dobre som vedel,
že v ten deň sa musím rozhodnúť.
že v ten deň sa musím rozhodnúť.
03:05
I had to make a decision.
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03:07
Was I able to live as a coward,
like everyone else,
like everyone else,
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Som schopný žiť ako ostatní?
Žiť ako zbabelec?
03:09
or was I going to make a stand?
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Alebo vstanem?
A keď prezident začal svoju reč,
03:11
And when the president stood up to speak,
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03:13
I found myself on my feet
shouting at the president,
shouting at the president,
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zrazu som stál na nohách a kričal naňho.
03:17
telling him to remember
the post-election violence victims,
the post-election violence victims,
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Kričal som, aby si spomenul
na obete násilia po voľbách,
na obete násilia po voľbách,
03:21
to stop the corruption.
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aby zastavil korupciu,
03:23
And suddenly, out of nowhere,
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keď vtom sa na mňa vrhla polícia ako supy.
03:25
the police pounced on me
like hungry lions.
like hungry lions.
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03:28
They held my mouth
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Chytili mi ústa a
03:30
and dragged me out of the stadium,
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vyvliekli ma zo štadiónu.
03:32
where they thoroughly beat me up
and locked me up in jail.
and locked me up in jail.
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Vonku ma zmlátili a zavreli do väzenia.
Tú noc som strávil na studenej
03:37
I spent that night in
a cold cement floor in the jail,
a cold cement floor in the jail,
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betónovej zemi vo väzení
a to ma prinútilo rozmýšľať.
03:43
and that got me thinking.
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03:46
What was making me feel this way?
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Rozmýšľať, prečo sa cítim takto.
03:48
My friends and family thought
I was crazy because of what I did,
I was crazy because of what I did,
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Moji priatelia a rodina si mysleli,
že som blázon, kvôli tomu, čo som spravil,
že som blázon, kvôli tomu, čo som spravil,
03:51
and the images that I took
were disturbing my life.
were disturbing my life.
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no tie fotky ma stále znepokojovali.
Fotky, ktoré som zachytil,
boli pre ľudí len ďalšie obrázky
boli pre ľudí len ďalšie obrázky
03:56
The images that I took
were just a number to many Kenyans.
were just a number to many Kenyans.
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Väčšina z nich nevidela násilie.
03:59
Most Kenyans did not see the violence.
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04:01
It was a story to them.
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Bol to pre nich len príbeh.
04:03
And so I decided to actually
start a street exhibition
start a street exhibition
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Tak som sa rozhodol,
že spravím pouličnú výstavu,
že spravím pouličnú výstavu,
aby som ukázal
obrazy násilia celej krajine
obrazy násilia celej krajine
04:05
to show the images of the violence
across the country
across the country
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a prinútil ľudí sa zamyslieť.
04:08
and get people talking about it.
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Precestovali sme krajinu a ukázali fotky.
04:10
We traveled the country
and showed the images,
and showed the images,
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04:13
and this was a journey that has started me
to the activist path,
to the activist path,
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A táto púť ma priviedla
na cestu aktivistu,
na cestu aktivistu,
04:16
where I decided to become silent no more,
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keď som sa rozhodol nebyť už viac ticho
04:19
to talk about those things.
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ale hovoriť o týchto veciach.
04:21
We traveled, and our general site
from our street exhibit
from our street exhibit
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Cestovali sme
a hlavná časť našej výstavy
04:25
became for political graffiti
about the situation in the country,
about the situation in the country,
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bola určená pre politické grafity,
týkajúce sa situácie v krajine,
04:30
talking about corruption, bad leadership.
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korupcie a zlej vlády.
04:33
We have even done symbolic burials.
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Dokonca sme spravili symbolické pohreby.
Do parlamentu sme priniesli živé prasatá,
04:36
We have delivered live pigs
to Kenya's parliament
to Kenya's parliament
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ako symbol nenásytnosti politikov.
04:40
as a symbol of our politicians' greed.
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Urobili to aj v Ugande
a v iných krajinách,
a v iných krajinách,
04:42
It has been done in Uganda
and other countries,
and other countries,
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04:45
and what is most powerful is that
the images have been picked by the media
the images have been picked by the media
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no najdôležitejšie je,
že obrázky si všimli médiá
že obrázky si všimli médiá
a rozšírili ich po celej
krajine a kontinente.
krajine a kontinente.
04:48
and amplified across the country,
across the continent.
across the continent.
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04:51
Where I used to stand up alone
seven years ago,
seven years ago,
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Pred 7 rokmi som tam stál sám,
04:54
now I belong to a community
of many people who stand up with me.
of many people who stand up with me.
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no dnes patrím do komunity ľudí,
ktorí držia so mnou.
ktorí držia so mnou.
04:57
I am no longer alone when I stand up
to speak about these things.
to speak about these things.
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Už nie som sám, keď vstanem
a hovorím o tomto všetkom.
a hovorím o tomto všetkom.
Patrím do skupiny mladých,
ktorí sú zapálení pre krajinu,
ktorí sú zapálení pre krajinu,
05:02
I belong to a group of young people
who are passionate about the country,
who are passionate about the country,
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ktorí chcú priniesť zmenu
05:06
who want to bring about change,
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a už sa viac neboja.
05:08
and they're no longer afraid,
and they're no longer smart cowards.
and they're no longer smart cowards.
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Už to viac nie sú šikovní zbabelci.
05:13
So that was my story.
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Toto bol môj príbeh.
05:18
That day in the stadium,
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V ten deň na štadióne
05:20
I stood up as a smart coward.
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som vstal ako šikovný zbabelec.
A tým jedným činom
05:23
By that one action, I said goodbye
to the 24 years living as a coward.
to the 24 years living as a coward.
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som dal zbohom 24 rokom zbabelca.
V živote sú 2 najsilnejšie dni:
05:28
There are two most powerful
days in your life:
days in your life:
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05:31
the day you're born,
and the day you discover why.
and the day you discover why.
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deň, keď sa narodíš, a deň,
keď skutočne zistíš prečo.
05:36
That day standing up in that stadium
shouting at the President,
shouting at the President,
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V ten deň na štadióne,
keď som kričal na prezidenta,
keď som kričal na prezidenta,
05:40
I discovered why I was truly born,
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som zistil, prečo som sa narodil.
05:43
that I would no longer be silent
in the face of injustice.
in the face of injustice.
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Zistil som, že ak pôjde o nesprávosť,
už nebudem viac ticho.
05:47
Do you know why you were born?
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A TY už vieš, prečo si sa narodil?
Ďakujem.
05:51
Thank you.
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(potlesk)
05:53
(Applause)
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Tom Rielly: Bol to úžasný príbeh.
06:00
Tom Rielly: It's an amazing story.
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06:03
I just want to ask you
a couple quick questions.
a couple quick questions.
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Mám len pár otázok.
06:05
So PAWA254:
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Takže, PAWA254:
06:07
you've created a studio, a place
where young people can go
where young people can go
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Vytvorili ste štúdio,
miesto, kam môžu mladí ísť
06:12
and harness the power of digital media
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a využiť silu digitálnych médií.
06:14
to do some of this action.
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06:16
What's happening now with PAWA?
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Čo sa deje s PAWA teraz?
06:18
Boniface Mwangi: So we have
this community of filmmakers,
this community of filmmakers,
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Boniface Mwangi:
Máme komunitu filmárov, grafikov
Máme komunitu filmárov, grafikov
06:21
graffiti artists, musicians,
and when there's an issue in the country,
and when there's an issue in the country,
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hudobníkov, a keď je v krajine problém,
stretneme sa, uvažujeme
a hľadáme vysvetlenie.
a hľadáme vysvetlenie.
06:24
we come together, we brainstorm,
and take up on that issue.
and take up on that issue.
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06:27
So our most powerful tool is art,
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Náš najmocnejší nástroj je teda umenie.
06:29
because we live in a very busy world
where people are so busy in their life,
where people are so busy in their life,
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Pretože žijeme v unáhlenom svete
06:33
and they don't have time to read.
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a ľudia nemajú čas ani čítať,
06:35
So we package our activism
and we package our message in art.
and we package our message in art.
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ukrývame našu aktivitu
a posolstvo do umenia.
a posolstvo do umenia.
06:39
So from the music, the graffiti,
the art, that's what we do.
the art, that's what we do.
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Takže robíme hudbu, grafity a umenie.
06:45
Can I say one more thing?
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Môžem ešte niečo dodať?
TR: Samozrejme.
(potlesk)
(potlesk)
06:47
TR: Yeah, of course. (Applause)
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BM: Napriek tomu, že som bol zatknutý,
zbitý a ohrozený,
zbitý a ohrozený,
06:49
BM: In spite of being arrested,
beaten up, threatened,
beaten up, threatened,
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od tej chvíle, ako som našiel odvahu,
06:52
the moment I discovered my voice,
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06:53
that I could actually stand up
for what I really believed in,
for what I really believed in,
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odvahu vstať za niečo,
v čo skutočne verím,
v čo skutočne verím,
už sa viac nebojím.
06:56
I'm no longer afraid.
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Volali ma Softy, no to už viac nie som ja,
06:57
I used to be called softy,
but I'm no longer softy,
but I'm no longer softy,
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pretože som zistil, kto skutočne som.
07:00
because I discovered who I really am,
as in, that's what I want to do,
as in, that's what I want to do,
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A čo chcem skutočne robiť.
07:03
and there's such beauty in doing that.
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A robiť to, je tak nádherné.
07:06
There's nothing as powerful as that,
knowing that I'm meant to do this,
knowing that I'm meant to do this,
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Nie je nič silnejšie, ako vedieť,
že toto je moje poslanie.
07:10
because you don't get scared,
you just continue living your life.
you just continue living your life.
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Pretože nebudete vystrašení,
budete si len ďalej žiť svoj život.
budete si len ďalej žiť svoj život.
Ďakujem.
07:13
Thank you.
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(potlesk)
07:15
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Boniface Mwangi -Boniface Mwangi is an award-winning Kenyan photographer, artist and activist. He is a TED Fellow.
Why you should listen
For four years Boniface Mwangi held a staff photography position at The Standard, the second largest Kenyan newspaper, taking on various assignments of increasing responsibility in a number of countries. Mwangi became the eye of Kenyans during the 2007 post-election violence and showed courage and compassion to capture thousands of images, some so gory that they could not be published.
Following the political resolution to the election crisis, Boniface started to see himself as a visual artist, using photography as the vehicle for social change in Kenya. His focus was the fight against the impunity of politicians in the face of over 1000 dead and half a million people displaced as a result of the violence they caused.
"Boniface’s images are crucial for the healing of our nation; his ability to stay focused and inject a sense of artistry into his work is a testimony to the spirit of professional journalism," wrote Jackson Biko after Boniface was voted Kenya Photojournalist of the Year in 2008 by readers of Adam, a men’s magazine in the country.
Since then, Boniface has continued to work as a freelance photographer for Bloomberg, the AFP, Reuters, the Boston Globe, and other media outlets while building a movement for social change in Kenya through “Picha Mtaani” (Swahili for street exhibition). The photo exhibit aims to heal the scars of Kenyans and draw their attention to the dynamics of the violence to prevent a repeat during the upcoming elections of 2013.
Boniface founded Pawa254 as a collaborative hub where journalists, artists and activists could meet to find innovative ways of achieving social change. The hub has already had many functions, but two campaigns stand out. “Heal the Nation” is a very successful initiative to show a half-hour documentary about post-election violence to as many Kenyans as possible and facilitate discussions around the film. The campaign is accompanied by a more shadowy graffiti campaign that has evoked strong reactions and fired up the youth of Kenya and the world, as images of the clever graffiti grace the pages of the world’s newspapers.
In 2009 United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton wrote a letter commending Boniface for his work during the post-election violence. She stated, "Your photography is absolutely stunning and tells an important and powerful story for the world to hear."
More profile about the speakerFollowing the political resolution to the election crisis, Boniface started to see himself as a visual artist, using photography as the vehicle for social change in Kenya. His focus was the fight against the impunity of politicians in the face of over 1000 dead and half a million people displaced as a result of the violence they caused.
"Boniface’s images are crucial for the healing of our nation; his ability to stay focused and inject a sense of artistry into his work is a testimony to the spirit of professional journalism," wrote Jackson Biko after Boniface was voted Kenya Photojournalist of the Year in 2008 by readers of Adam, a men’s magazine in the country.
Since then, Boniface has continued to work as a freelance photographer for Bloomberg, the AFP, Reuters, the Boston Globe, and other media outlets while building a movement for social change in Kenya through “Picha Mtaani” (Swahili for street exhibition). The photo exhibit aims to heal the scars of Kenyans and draw their attention to the dynamics of the violence to prevent a repeat during the upcoming elections of 2013.
Boniface founded Pawa254 as a collaborative hub where journalists, artists and activists could meet to find innovative ways of achieving social change. The hub has already had many functions, but two campaigns stand out. “Heal the Nation” is a very successful initiative to show a half-hour documentary about post-election violence to as many Kenyans as possible and facilitate discussions around the film. The campaign is accompanied by a more shadowy graffiti campaign that has evoked strong reactions and fired up the youth of Kenya and the world, as images of the clever graffiti grace the pages of the world’s newspapers.
In 2009 United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton wrote a letter commending Boniface for his work during the post-election violence. She stated, "Your photography is absolutely stunning and tells an important and powerful story for the world to hear."
Boniface Mwangi | Speaker | TED.com