ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.

Why you should listen

Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?

Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.

More profile about the speaker
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2013

Julian Treasure: How to speak so that people want to listen

朱利安.崔久: 怎麼說才動聽?

Filmed:
40,379,785 views

您是否有過這種感覺:自己說話的時候,旁人卻無意傾聽?朱利安.崔久將為您出謀劃策。在這則實用的演說裡,聲學專家展示了成功說話之道——從幾項簡便的發聲練習到深情款款的講話方式皆有闡述。這則演說也許能讓世界變得更為動聽、悅耳。
- Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:14
The human人的 voice語音:
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我們每個人,
00:16
It's the instrument儀器 we all play.
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都會運用語音。
00:18
It's the most powerful強大 sound聲音 in the world世界, probably大概.
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這大概是全世界最有影響力的聲音,
00:20
It's the only one that can start開始 a war戰爭
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一句話能夠挑起連天的戰火,
00:22
or say "I love you."
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也能表達愛慕的情愫。
00:24
And yet然而 many許多 people have the experience經驗
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很多人都有相似的經歷:
00:25
that when they speak說話, people don't listen to them.
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說了話卻沒人在聽。
00:28
And why is that?
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這是為什麼呢?
00:29
How can we speak說話 powerfully有力
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如何讓話語擲地有聲,
00:31
to make change更改 in the world世界?
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進而改變世界?
00:33
What I'd like to suggest建議, there are
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我建議大家,
我們要改掉一些不良習慣。
00:35
a number of habits習慣 that we need to move移動 away from.
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00:37
I've assembled組裝 for your pleasure樂趣 here
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我整理出講話中的「七宗罪」,
00:39
seven deadly致命 sins of speaking請講.
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供大家參考。
00:41
I'm not pretending假裝 this is an exhaustive詳細 list名單,
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內容並非盡善盡美,
00:43
but these seven, I think, are pretty漂亮 large
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但是這七條過失,
可能是我們所有人的弱點。
00:46
habits習慣 that we can all fall秋季 into.
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00:49
First, gossip八卦,
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首先,「說長道短」。
00:52
speaking請講 ill生病 of somebody who's誰是 not present當下.
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我們在別人背後指指點點,
00:54
Not a nice不錯 habit習慣, and we know perfectly完美 well
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這是個壞習慣。
如果有人在我們面前搬弄別人的是非,
00:56
the person gossiping閒聊 five minutes分鐘 later後來
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那麼五分鐘後他就會在別人面前評論我們。
00:58
will be gossiping閒聊 about us.
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01:01
Second第二, judging判斷.
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第二,「評斷」。
01:03
We know people who are like this in conversation會話,
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很多人在交談時都很喜歡評判。
01:05
and it's very hard to listen to somebody
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如果別人在說話時批評你,
01:07
if you know that you're being存在 judged判斷
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或認為你能力不足,
01:09
and found發現 wanting希望 at the same相同 time.
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你就不會願意聽他講話。
01:12
Third第三, negativity消極.
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第三,「心態消極」。
01:14
You can fall秋季 into this.
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你也可能陷入這種狀態。
01:15
My mother母親, in the last years年份 of her life,
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我母親晚年時的心態變得非常消極,
01:17
became成為 very, very negative, and it's hard to listen.
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沒有人願意聽她講話。
01:19
I remember記得 one day, I said to her,
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有一天我對她說:
01:21
"It's October十月 1 today今天,"
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「今天是10月1日了。」
01:22
and she said, "I know, isn't it dreadful可怕?"
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她說:「是啊,很糟吧?」
01:25
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:27
It's hard to listen when somebody's某人的 that negative.
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大家可不想聽那麼消極的人說話。
01:30
And another另一個 form形成 of negativity消極, complaining抱怨的.
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抱怨也是一種負面情緒,
01:33
Well, this is the national國民 art藝術 of the U.K.
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這已經成為了一種英國文化。
01:37
It's our national國民 sport運動. We
complain抱怨 about the weather天氣,
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這是全民運動,我們抱怨天氣、
01:39
about sport運動, about politics政治, about everything,
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抱怨比賽、抱怨政治,抱怨一切。
01:42
but actually其實 complaining抱怨的 is viral病毒 misery苦難.
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但抱怨是病毒般的災難。
01:44
It's not spreading傳播 sunshine陽光
and lightness亮度 in the world世界.
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因為你沒有把溫暖和光明帶給他人。
01:48
Excuses藉口. We've我們已經 all met會見 this guy.
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「找藉口」。我們都碰過這種人。
01:51
Maybe we've我們已經 all been this guy.
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也許我們都曾找藉口開脫。
01:52
Some people have a blamethrowerblamethrower.
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有些人老是找替死鬼,
01:55
They just pass通過 it on to everybody每個人 else其他
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他們推諉塞責,
01:57
and don't take responsibility責任 for their actions行動,
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不為自己的言行承擔責任,
01:59
and again, hard to listen to
somebody who is being存在 like that.
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我們不太會去聽這種人說話。
02:02
Penultimate倒數第二, the sixth第六 of the seven,
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倒數第二點,也就是第六點,
02:04
embroidery刺繡, exaggeration誇張.
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「花言巧語,過分誇張」。
02:08
It demeans貶低 our language語言, actually其實, sometimes有時.
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這可以說是對語言的褻瀆。
02:10
For example, if I see something
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假如一個說話誇張的人,
02:12
that really is awesome真棒,
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遇到超讚的事,
02:14
what do I call it?
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那麼他還能用什麼形容詞呢?
02:15
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
02:17
And then of course課程 this exaggeration誇張 becomes lying說謊,
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其實,語言過分誇張就是欺騙,
02:20
out and out lying說謊, and we don't want to listen
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不折不扣的謊言,
沒有人喜歡聽騙子的話。
02:22
to people we know are lying說謊 to us.
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02:24
And finally最後, dogmatism獨斷論,
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最後是「過分武斷」。
02:27
the confusion混亂 of facts事實 with opinions意見.
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真相與見解混淆不清。
02:31
When those two things get conflated合二為一,
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這樣講話只會成為別人的耳旁風。
02:33
you're listening into the wind.
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02:34
You know, somebody is bombarding轟擊 you
with their opinions意見 as if they were true真正.
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就像有人用自以為是的觀點炮轟你,
02:38
It's difficult to listen to that.
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很難有人想聽他說話。
02:40
So here they are, seven deadly致命 sins of speaking請講.
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以上就是講話中的「七宗罪」。
02:43
These are things I think we need to avoid避免.
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我們應該避免以上的錯誤。
02:46
But is there a positive way to think about this?
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那麼在講話時是否有能遵循的原則呢?
02:48
Yes, there is.
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是有幾項。
02:50
I'd like to suggest建議 that there are four
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我一共總結了四個
02:52
really powerful強大 cornerstones基石, foundations基金會,
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強而有力的基本要點,
02:55
that we can stand on if we want our speech言語
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能使我們講話更有影響力,
02:58
to be powerful強大 and to make change更改 in the world世界.
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並且能夠改變這個世界。
03:01
Fortunately幸好, these things spell拼寫 a word.
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很湊巧,這四個要點可以拼成一個單詞,
03:04
The word is "hail冰雹," and it has
a great definition定義 as well.
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這就是「HAIL」,這個單詞
本身就包含深刻的意義。
03:07
I'm not talking about the stuff東東 that falls下降 from the sky天空
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我指的不是從天而下、
03:09
and hits點擊 you on the head.
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砸在你頭上的冰雹。
03:10
I'm talking about this definition定義,
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我指的是熱情歡呼、喝采的意思,
03:12
to greet迎接 or acclaim歡呼 enthusiastically踴躍,
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03:14
which哪一個 is how I think our words will be received收到
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若能依據這四個要點,
03:17
if we stand on these four things.
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別人就能聽進我們的話。
03:18
So what do they stand for?
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那麼「HAIL」分別代表什麼呢?
03:20
See if you can guess猜測.
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你猜猜看。
03:21
The H, honesty誠實, of course課程,
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當然,「H」代表誠實 (Honesty)。
03:25
being存在 true真正 in what you say, being存在 straight直行 and clear明確.
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講話的內容要真實,且清晰無任何歪曲。
03:28
The A is authenticity真偽, just being存在 yourself你自己.
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「A」代表內心誠懇、
正心誠意(Authenticity)。
03:32
A friend朋友 of mine described描述 it as
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我朋友認為,
這就如同對自己誠實。
03:33
standing常設 in your own擁有 truth真相,
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03:35
which哪一個 I think is a lovely可愛 way to put it.
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這個解釋非常到位。
03:37
The I is integrity廉正, being存在 your word,
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「I」代表言行一致(Integrity),
03:40
actually其實 doing what you say,
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不能說一套做一套,
03:41
and being存在 somebody people can trust相信.
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做一個能讓人信任的人。
03:44
And the L is love.
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「L」代表愛(Love),
03:47
I don't mean romantic浪漫 love,
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這不是指男女之間的愛情,
03:49
but I do mean wishing希望 people well, for two reasons原因.
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而是希望幫助別人、成就別人。
原因有二:首先,
03:52
First of all, I think absolute絕對 honesty誠實
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我們也許不需要絕對的誠實。
03:55
may可能 not be what we want.
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03:56
I mean, my goodness善良, you look ugly醜陋 this morning早上.
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「天哪,你今早真是難看」之類的話,
03:58
Perhaps也許 that's not necessary必要.
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是沒有必要的。
04:02
Tempered煉成 with love, of course課程,
honesty誠實 is a great thing.
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如果你內心充滿慈愛,
那麼誠實就是很大的優點。
04:05
But also, if you're really wishing希望 somebody well,
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如果你真心希望別人受益,
04:08
it's very hard to judge法官 them at the same相同 time.
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你就不會指摘別人的不是,
04:11
I'm not even sure you can do those two things
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因為你無法同時做到這兩件事。
04:13
simultaneously同時.
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04:15
So hail冰雹.
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這就是「HAIL」。
04:17
Also, now that's what you say,
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以上介紹的是講話的內容,
04:18
and it's like the old song歌曲, it is what you say,
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就像一首老歌裡唱的,你說的話重要,
04:20
it's also the way that you say it.
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你說話的方式也很重要。
04:22
You have an amazing驚人 toolbox工具箱.
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我們每個人都擁有智慧的寶庫,
04:24
This instrument儀器 is incredible難以置信,
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寶庫裡藏著十分有用的工具,
04:26
and yet然而 this is a toolbox工具箱 that very
few少數 people have ever opened打開.
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但很少有人開啟這座寶庫。
04:29
I'd like to have a little rummage臨檢 in there
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接下來我將與各位一起進入寶庫探索,
04:31
with you now and just pull a few少數 tools工具 out
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尋找一些大家都樂於使用的工具,
04:33
that you might威力 like to take away and play with,
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04:35
which哪一個 will increase增加 the power功率 of your speaking請講.
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就能藉此增強你說話的力量。
04:38
Register寄存器, for example.
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首先是音區。
04:40
Now, falsetto假聲 register寄存器 may可能 not
be very useful有用 most of the time,
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在講話時,假音往往不太有效,
04:44
but there's a register寄存器 in between之間.
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因此我們應當使用較為適中的聲區。
04:46
I'm not going to get very technical技術 about this
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我不想說得太專業,以免班門弄斧,
04:47
for any of you who are voice語音 coaches教練.
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因為在座有很多是聲樂導師。
04:49
You can locate定位 your voice語音, however然而.
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其實,我們可以自己調整發聲位置。
04:51
So if I talk up here in my nose鼻子,
you can hear the difference區別.
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如果我透過鼻腔發聲,你就會聽出不同;
04:53
If I go down here in my throat,
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透過喉嚨發聲是這樣的,
04:55
which哪一個 is where most of us
speak說話 from most of the time.
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在座大多數人通常都透過喉嚨發聲。
04:58
But if you want weight重量,
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但如果你想加強聲音的厚重感,
05:00
you need to go down here to the chest胸部.
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就可以透過胸腔發聲。
05:03
You hear the difference區別?
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你能聽出區別嗎?
05:04
We vote投票 for politicians政治家 with lower降低 voices聲音, it's true真正,
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我們會把票投給嗓音低沉的候選人,
這是真的,因為低沉的嗓音
05:08
because we associate關聯 depth深度 with power功率
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會讓人們想到力量和權威。
05:11
and with authority權威.
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05:14
That's register寄存器.
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這是「聲區」。
05:16
Then we have timbre音色.
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下面我們介紹「音色」,
05:17
It's the way your voice語音 feels感覺.
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也就是嗓音帶給別人的感覺。
05:19
Again, the research研究 shows節目 that we prefer比較喜歡 voices聲音
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研究顯示,我們偏好
如同熱巧克力一般
豐富、流暢、溫暖的嗓音。
05:21
which哪一個 are rich豐富, smooth光滑, warm, like hot chocolate巧克力.
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05:26
Well if that's not you, that's not the end結束 of the world世界,
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你沒有這種嗓音也不要緊,
05:30
because you can train培養.
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可以透過訓練改變,
05:31
Go and get a voice語音 coach教練.
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可以尋求聲樂導師的幫助。
05:32
And there are amazing驚人 things you can do
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你也可以在很多方面下功夫,
05:34
with breathing呼吸, with posture姿勢, and with exercises演習
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比如呼吸、姿勢以及勤奮的練習,
05:37
to improve提高 the timbre音色 of your voice語音.
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這樣你就能改善自己的音色。
05:39
Then prosody韻律學. I love prosody韻律學.
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第三是注意「抑揚頓挫」。
05:41
This is the sing-song唱歌, the meta-language元語言
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這就好比是歌唱,
05:43
that we use in order訂購 to impart傳授 meaning含義.
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它能使語意層次分明,
05:45
It's root one for meaning含義 in conversation會話.
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這是談話中表達意義的根本。
05:48
People who speak說話 all on one note注意
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單一的語調
05:50
are really quite相當 hard to listen to
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很不利於他人聆聽。
05:52
if they don't have any prosody韻律學 at all.
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缺乏抑揚頓挫就不會收到理想效果,
05:54
That's where the world世界 monotonic單調 comes from,
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這會讓世界變得
05:57
or monotonous單調, monotone單調.
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平淡而單調。
06:00
Also we have repetitive重複 prosody韻律學 now coming未來 in,
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但也不要頻繁而重複地使用語調,
06:03
where every一切 sentence句子 ends結束 as if it were a question
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不要在每句話的結尾使用升調,
讓人誤以為是疑問句,
06:06
when it's actually其實 not a question, it's a statement聲明.
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其實那只不過是陳述句而已。
06:08
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:11
And if you repeat重複 that one over and over,
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重複地使用語調
06:12
it's actually其實 restricting限制 your ability能力
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會侷限原本該有的溝通效果,
06:14
to communicate通信 through通過 prosody韻律學,
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06:15
which哪一個 I think is a shame恥辱,
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那就可惜了,
06:17
so let's try and break打破 that habit習慣.
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所以我們要改掉這種習慣。
06:20
Pace步伐. I can get very, very excited興奮
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「語速」。我能表現得非常興奮,
06:22
by saying something really, really quickly很快,
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只要用極快的語速講話;
06:24
or I can slow right down to emphasize注重,
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也可以放慢語速,就能有強調的效果。
06:28
and at the end結束 of that, of course課程, is our old friend朋友
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接下來,我要介紹經典的一招:
06:31
silence安靜.
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「沉默」。
06:34
There's nothing wrong錯誤 with a bit of silence安靜
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在講話中適時地沉默片刻
06:36
in a talk, is there?
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並無不可,對吧?
06:38
We don't have to fill it with umsUMS and ahsAHS.
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為什麼要使用無謂的「嗯」和「啊」呢?
06:41
It can be very powerful強大.
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沉默才更有力量。
06:43
Of course課程, pitch瀝青 often經常 goes along沿 with pace步伐
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並用「音高」與「語速」時,
06:46
to indicate表明 arousal覺醒, but you can do it just with pitch瀝青.
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往往能喚起聽者的注意,
只有音高也有效。
06:48
Where did you leave離開 my keys按鍵?
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你把我的鑰匙放在哪兒了?
06:50
Where did you leave離開 my keys按鍵?
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你把我的鑰匙放在哪兒了?
06:52
So slightly different不同 meaning含義
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這兩句話的意思
06:54
in those two deliveries交付.
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是略有不同的。
06:56
And finally最後, volume.
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最後是「音量」。
06:58
I can get really excited興奮 by using運用 volume.
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這樣大的音量讓我顯得非常興奮,
07:01
Sorry about that if I startled anybody任何人.
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非常抱歉嚇了你們一跳。
07:04
Or, I can have you really pay工資 attention注意
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我也可以把聲音放輕,
07:06
by getting得到 very quiet安靜.
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吸引你們的注意力。
07:08
Some people broadcast廣播 the whole整個 time.
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有些人總是聲大如雷,
07:10
Try not to do that.
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請不要這樣,
07:12
That's called sodcastingsodcasting,
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這就像在公共場所用手機放音樂,
07:15
imposing威風 your sound聲音 on people around you
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漫不經心地強迫他人聽你的音樂,
07:17
carelessly不經意 and inconsiderately輕率. Not nice不錯.
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這不太好。
07:21
Of course課程, where this all comes into play most of all
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當然,這些方法要起作用
07:23
is when you've got something really important重要 to do.
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得要是你做重要的事才行。
07:25
It might威力 be standing常設 on a stage階段 like this
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比如像現在這樣站在舞台上
07:27
and giving a talk to people.
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對大家演講,
07:29
It might威力 be proposing建議 marriage婚姻,
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也可能是求婚、請求加薪,
07:31
asking for a raise提高, a wedding婚禮 speech言語.
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或者在婚禮上致賀詞等等,
07:34
Whatever隨你 it is, if it's really important重要,
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這些都屬於重要場合。
07:36
you owe it to yourself你自己 to look at this toolbox工具箱
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大家有必要看看
這個能夠派上用場的寶庫和引擎。
07:40
and the engine發動機 that it's going to work on,
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07:42
and no engine發動機 works作品 well without being存在 warmed溫暖 up.
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但機器工作前都需要預熱,
否則就不能發揮性能。
07:45
Warm up your voice語音.
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聲音也需要熱身。
07:47
Actually其實, let me show顯示 you how to do that.
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我來示範如何為嗓子做體操。
07:49
Would you all like to stand up for a moment時刻?
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大家能夠站起來嗎?不會耽誤很久。
07:52
I'm going to show顯示 you the
six vocal聲音的 warmup暖身 exercises演習
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我將示範口腔體操「六部曲」。
07:55
that I do before every一切 talk I ever do.
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每次演說前我都會這麼做。
07:59
Anytime任何時候 you're going to talk to
anybody任何人 important重要, do these.
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如果你要和別人談重要的事情,
就做以下練習:
08:01
First, arms武器 up, deep breath呼吸 in,
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首先舉起雙手,深呼吸。
08:04
and sigh out, ahhhhhAHHHHH, like that.
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然後吐氣,「呵……」就像這樣。
08:07
One more time.
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再來一次。
08:09
AhhhhAHHHH, very good.
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「呵……」,非常好。
08:12
Now we're going to warm up our lips嘴唇,
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現在要鍛煉嘴脣了。
08:14
and we're going to go baBA, baBA, baBA, baBA,
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像這樣「啵、啵、啵、啵」,
08:16
baBA, baBA, baBA, baBA. Very good.
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「啵、啵、啵、啵」,非常好。
08:19
And now, brrrrrrrrrrbrrrrrrrrrr,
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現在是「噗……」,
08:22
just like when you were a kid孩子.
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就像個小孩子一樣,
08:24
BrrrrBrrrr. Now your lips嘴唇 should be coming未來 alive.
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「噗……」,你的嘴脣就會靈活了。
08:26
We're going to do the tongue next下一個
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現在是舌尖上的體操。
08:28
with exaggerated誇張的 la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la.
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用誇張的嘴型說「啦、啦、啦、啦」,
08:32
Beautiful美麗. You're getting得到 really good at this.
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大家都做得非常好。
08:34
And then, roll an R. RrrrrrrRRRRRRR.
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現在是捲舌的「日…日…日…」,
08:38
That's like champagne香檳酒 for the tongue.
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這是舌尖上的華爾滋。
08:40
Finally最後, and if I can only do one,
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最後一個練習,「六部曲」的壓軸戲,
08:42
the pros利弊 call this the siren警笛.
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專家們稱之為「誘人的歌聲」。
08:44
It's really good. It starts啟動 with "we" and goes to "awAW."
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這是非常精彩的體操。
從「嗚伊」開始進入「噢」,
08:46
The "we" is high, the "awAW" is low.
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「嗚伊」是高音,「噢」是低音。
08:48
So you go, weeeaawwwweeeaawww, weeeaawwwweeeaawww.
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我們開始「嗚伊…噢…嗚伊…噢…」,
08:54
Fantastic奇妙. Give yourselves你自己 a round回合 of applause掌聲.
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非常棒。請給自己一些掌聲吧。
08:56
Take a seat座位, thank you. (Applause掌聲)
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請坐,謝謝各位。(掌聲)
08:59
Next下一個 time you speak說話, do those in advance提前.
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下次在您講話前別忘了先做口腔體操。
09:02
Now let me just put this in context上下文 to close.
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讓我回到主題來做個總結,
09:05
This is a serious嚴重 point here.
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我們提出了一個重要的主題。
09:07
This is where we are now, right?
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我們現在是這樣吧?
09:09
We speak說話 not very well
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我們講的話,
09:10
into people who simply只是 aren't listening
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讓別人聽不進去。
09:12
in an environment環境 that's all
about noise噪聲 and bad acoustics聲學.
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這不是由於噪音、
聲學環境不佳所造成的。
09:15
I have talked about that on this stage階段
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我在演講的過程中
09:17
in different不同 phases.
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曾多次提到:
09:18
What would the world世界 be like
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如果我們講的話影響力強大,
09:20
if we were speaking請講 powerfully有力
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讓別人樂於傾聽,
09:22
to people who were listening consciously自覺
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而且各種外在條件也適合我們講話,
09:24
in environments環境 which哪一個 were actually其實 fit適合 for purpose目的?
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那麼世界將會如何?
09:27
Or to make that a bit larger,
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如果擴大範圍來講,
09:30
what would the world世界 be like
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如果我們有意識地發出聲音、
09:31
if we were creating創建 sound聲音 consciously自覺
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有意識地接受聲音,
09:34
and consuming消費 sound聲音 consciously自覺
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並且很好地設置
09:36
and designing設計 all our environments環境
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各種外在條件方便聲音傳播,
09:38
consciously自覺 for sound聲音?
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那麼這個世界將會如何?
09:39
That would be a world世界 that does sound聲音 beautiful美麗,
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這個世界將處處洋溢著美好的音符。
09:42
and one where understanding理解
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在這個世界中,
09:44
would be the norm規範,
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相互理解就是標準和規範。
09:46
and that is an idea理念 worth價值 spreading傳播.
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這是個值得分享的點子。
09:49
Thank you.
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感謝大家。
09:51
Thank you. (Applause掌聲)
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謝謝!(掌聲)
Translated by Fred Lee
Reviewed by Marssi Draw

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.

Why you should listen

Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?

Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.

More profile about the speaker
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com

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