TED2018
David Cage: How video games turn players into storytellers
大衛凱吉: 電玩遊戲如何將玩家轉為說故事的人
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你是否曾經在看一部電影或是讀一部小說時，希望你能夠改變故事，來拯救你最喜歡的角色？遊戲設計師大衛凱吉讓你在他的遊戲中能夠做到這件事，在他的遊戲中，玩家要做決定，那些決定會形塑出千變萬化的劇情。在這場演說及現場展示中，凱吉帶來了他的新計畫中的一個場景，讓觀眾改變角色的決策。凱吉說：「互動敘事會像是二十世紀時電影扮演的角色：深深改變該時代的一種藝術。」
David Cage - Interactive storyteller
The creator of emotional, immersive games like "Heavy Rain," "BEYOND: Two Souls" and "Detroit: Become Human," David Cage uses games to push the boundaries of storytelling. Full bio
The creator of emotional, immersive games like "Heavy Rain," "BEYOND: Two Souls" and "Detroit: Become Human," David Cage uses games to push the boundaries of storytelling. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
The way we tell stories
has naturally changed
has naturally changed
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我們說故事的方式
已經很自然地改變了，
已經很自然地改變了，
00:17
since Aristotle defined
the rules of tragedy
the rules of tragedy
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與大約兩千五百年前亞里斯多德
定義的悲劇規則已經不相同了。
00:20
about 2,500 years ago.
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00:24
According to him,
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根據他的定義，
00:26
the role of storytelling is to mimic life
and make us feel emotions.
and make us feel emotions.
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敘事的角色要模仿生命
並讓我們感受到情緒。
00:32
And that's exactly what
storytelling as we know it
storytelling as we know it
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在那之後，我們都知道
如此的陳述方式
一直都表現地很好。
一直都表現地很好。
00:35
has done very well since then.
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00:38
But there is a dimension of life
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但有一種生命的維度，
00:41
that storytelling could
never really reproduce.
never really reproduce.
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是敘事永遠無法複製再現的。
00:44
It is the notion of choices.
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就是「選擇」這個概念。
00:48
Choices are a very
important part of our lives.
important part of our lives.
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選擇是我們人生中
非常重要的一部分。
非常重要的一部分。
00:51
We as individuals are defined
by the choices we make.
by the choices we make.
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我們每個人所做出的選擇，
定義了我們是什麼樣的人。
定義了我們是什麼樣的人。
00:55
Some of our decisions can have
very significant consequences
very significant consequences
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有些決定會造成很顯著的後果，
00:59
and totally change
the courses of our lives.
the courses of our lives.
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完全改變我們人生的軌道。
01:03
But in a play, a novel or a film,
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但在戲劇、小說，或電影中，
01:07
the writer makes all the decisions
in advance for the characters,
in advance for the characters,
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編劇會預先為角色做好決定，
01:11
and as the audience,
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身為觀眾，
01:13
we can only watch, passively,
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我們只能被動地觀看
01:15
the consequences of his decisions.
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他的決定造成什麼後果。
01:19
As a storyteller,
I've always been fascinated
I've always been fascinated
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身為說故事的人，我一直很迷戀
01:23
with the idea of recreating
this notion of choices in fiction.
this notion of choices in fiction.
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以虛構方式重新創造出
「選擇」這個概念的想法。
01:29
My dream was to put the audience
in the shoes of the main protagonists,
in the shoes of the main protagonists,
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我的夢想是要讓觀眾
能站到主角的立場，
01:34
let them make their own decisions,
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讓觀眾自己來做決定，
透過這麼做，
透過這麼做，
01:36
and by doing so,
let them tell their own stories.
let them tell their own stories.
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讓觀眾能說出自己的故事。
01:42
Finding a way to achieve this is what
I did in the past 20 years of my life.
I did in the past 20 years of my life.
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我在過去二十年一直在尋找
有什麼方法能做到這件事。
有什麼方法能做到這件事。
01:49
Today, I would like to introduce you
to this new way of telling stories,
to this new way of telling stories,
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今天，我想要向各位介紹
一種新的說故事方式，
一種新的說故事方式，
01:54
a way that has interactivity at its heart.
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這種方式的核心是互動性。
01:59
Rather than exposing the theory behind it,
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我不想要揭露
這種方式背後的理論，
這種方式背後的理論，
02:03
which could have been kind of abstract
and probably a little bit boring,
and probably a little bit boring,
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因為那有點抽象，可能還有點無聊，
02:07
I thought it would be a great opportunity
to do a little experiment.
to do a little experiment.
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我認為，這是個好機會，
可以做一個小實驗，
可以做一個小實驗，
02:13
I would like you, the people here at TED,
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TED 的朋友們，我希望你們
02:18
to tell your own story.
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能講你們自己的故事。
02:22
So I came with an interactive scene
that we are going to play together.
that we are going to play together.
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所以，我帶來了一個互動場景，
讓我們可以一起玩。
讓我們可以一起玩。
02:27
I've asked Vicky --
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我請維琪——哈囉，維琪——
02:29
hello, Vicky --
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02:30
to control the main character for us.
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為我們控制主角。
02:33
And your role -- you, the audience --
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而你們的角色——你們，觀眾——
02:37
will be to make the choices.
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要負責做出選擇。
02:40
So Vicky and I don't know
what's going to happen,
what's going to happen,
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所以，我和維琪都不知道
會發生什麼事，
會發生什麼事，
02:43
because it will all be based
on your decisions.
on your decisions.
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因為那會依你們的
決定而有所不同。
決定而有所不同。
02:48
This scene comes from our next game,
called "Detroit: Become Human,"
called "Detroit: Become Human,"
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這個場景來自我們的下一個遊戲，
叫做《底特律：變人》，
02:54
and we are in the near future,
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背景是不久後的未來，
02:58
where technology made possible
the creation of androids
the creation of androids
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在這個未來的科技能夠創造出
03:01
that look exactly like human beings.
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外表和人類一樣的機器人。
03:03
We are in the shoes
of this character called Connor,
of this character called Connor,
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我們要扮演的角色
叫做康納，他是機器人，
叫做康納，他是機器人，
03:06
who is an android,
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03:07
and he can do very fancy things
with coins, as you can see.
with coins, as you can see.
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你們可以看到，
他連玩硬幣都可以玩得很炫。
他連玩硬幣都可以玩得很炫。
03:11
He has this blue triangle on this chest,
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他的胸口上有個藍色三角形，
03:15
as all androids do,
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所有的機器人都有，
03:18
and now Vicky is in control
of this character.
of this character.
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現在維琪在控制這個角色。
03:21
She can walk around, she can go anywhere,
she can look around,
she can look around,
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她可以四處走動，
她可以到任何地方，
她可以到任何地方，
她可以到處看看，
她可以和環境互動，
她可以和環境互動，
03:25
she can interact with her environment,
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03:27
and now she can tell her own stories
by making choices.
by making choices.
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現在她可以透過做選擇，
來說她自己的故事。
來說她自己的故事。
03:29
So here we have our first choice.
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這裡是我們的第一個選擇。
03:32
There is a fish on the ground.
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地上有一條魚。我們該怎麼做？
03:34
What should we do?
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03:35
Should we save it or should we leave it?
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我們應該救牠？或是不管牠？
03:37
Remember, we are under time pressure,
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別忘了，我們有時間壓力，
03:39
so we'd better be fast.
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我們最好快點。我們該怎麼做？
03:40
What should we do?
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03:42
Audience: Save it!
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觀眾：救牠！
講者：救牠？救魚？
講者：救牠？救魚？
03:43
David Cage: Save it? Save the fish?
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03:49
(Video) (Fish plops)
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（影片）（撲通聲）
講者：好了。
講者：好了。
03:50
DC: There we go.
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03:53
OK, we have an android who likes animals.
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好，我們有一位
喜歡動物的機器人。
喜歡動物的機器人。
好，繼續吧。別忘了，
我們有一個人質事件要處理。
我們有一個人質事件要處理。
03:56
OK, let's move on.
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03:57
Remember, we have a hostage situation.
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03:59
(Video) Woman: Please, please,
you've got to save my little girl!
you've got to save my little girl!
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（影片）女子：拜託，拜託，
請你救救我的小女兒！
請你救救我的小女兒！
04:03
Wait -- you're sending an android?
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等等——你們要派機器人去處理？
04:06
Officer: All right, ma'am, you need to go.
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警官：好了，女士，你得離開了。
女：你不能那麼做！
女：你不能那麼做！
04:09
W: You can't do that!
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04:11
Why aren't you sending a real person?
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為什麼你們不派真人來處理？
04:14
DC: OK, she's not really happy.
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講者：好，她不太高興。
04:16
Her daughter's been
taken hostage by an android,
taken hostage by an android,
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她的女兒被一個機器人
挾持當作人質，
挾持當作人質，
04:18
and of course, she's in a state of shock.
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當然，她正在驚嚇的狀態中。
04:21
Now we can continue
to explore this apartment.
to explore this apartment.
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現在我們可以繼續探索這間公寓。
04:23
We see all the SWAT forces in place.
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我們看到所有
霹靂小組隊員都就位了。
霹靂小組隊員都就位了。
04:26
But we need to find
this Captain Allen first.
this Captain Allen first.
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但我們得要先找到艾倫隊長。
那是我們最先要做的事。
那是我們最先要做的事。
04:28
That's the first thing we need to do.
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04:30
So, again, we can go anywhere.
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所以，同樣的，
我們走可以到任何地方。
我們走可以到任何地方。
04:32
Vicky's still in control of the character.
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維琪仍然在控制這個角色。
04:34
Let's see -- oh, I think this
is Captain Allen. He's on the phone.
is Captain Allen. He's on the phone.
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咱們來瞧瞧——喔，我想這就是
艾倫隊長。他在講電話。
艾倫隊長。他在講電話。
04:39
(Video) Connor: Captain Allen,
my name is Connor.
my name is Connor.
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（影片）康納：
艾倫隊長，我是康納。
艾倫隊長，我是康納。
04:42
I'm the android sent by CyberLife.
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我是由「電腦生命」
派來的機器人。
派來的機器人。
04:47
Captain Allen: Let's fire
at everything that moves.
at everything that moves.
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艾倫隊長：咱們對所有
會動的東西開火。
會動的東西開火。
04:49
It already shot down two of my men.
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它已經槍殺了我的兩個手下。
04:52
We could easily get it,
but they're on the edge of the balcony --
but they're on the edge of the balcony --
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我們很容易就能殺了它，
但他們位在陽台的邊緣——
但他們位在陽台的邊緣——
如果它掉下去，她也會掉下去。
04:55
it if falls,
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04:56
she falls.
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04:57
DC: OK, now we need to decide
what we want to ask the captain.
what we want to ask the captain.
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講者：好，現在我們得要
決定我們要問隊長什麼。
決定我們要問隊長什麼。
我們要選什麼？暴走機器人的
名字？它的行為？情緒衝擊？
名字？它的行為？情緒衝擊？
05:00
What should be our choice?
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05:02
Deviant's name? Deviant's
behavior? Emotional shock?
behavior? Emotional shock?
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05:05
(Video) C: Has it experienced
an emotional shock recently?
an emotional shock recently?
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（影片）康納：它最近
有遇到任何情緒衝擊嗎？
有遇到任何情緒衝擊嗎？
05:09
Capt A: I haven't got
a clue. Does it matter?
a clue. Does it matter?
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隊長：我不清楚。這很重要嗎？
05:11
C: I need information
to determine the best approach.
to determine the best approach.
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康納：我需要這項資訊
來決定最好的處理方式。
來決定最好的處理方式。
05:14
DC: OK, a second choice.
Maybe we can learn something.
Maybe we can learn something.
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講者：好，第二個選擇。
也許我們能得到點資訊。
也許我們能得到點資訊。
05:17
What should we choose?
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我們該選擇什麼？
觀眾：行為。
觀眾：行為。
05:18
Audience: Behavior.
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05:19
DC: OK, deviant behavior, Vicky.
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講者：暴走機器人行為，維琪。
05:21
(Video) C: Do you know if it's been
behaving strangely before this?
behaving strangely before this?
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（影片）康納：它在此事之前
有沒有奇怪的行為？
有沒有奇怪的行為？
05:24
Capt A: Listen ... saving that kid
is all that matters.
is all that matters.
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隊長：聽著……唯一重要的
就是救出那個小孩。
就是救出那個小孩。
05:29
DC: OK, we are not going to learn
anything from this guy.
anything from this guy.
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講者：好，我們從這個傢伙身上
是無法得到什麼資訊了。
是無法得到什麼資訊了。
05:31
We need to do something.
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我們得做點什麼。
05:33
Let's try to go back in the lobby.
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咱們試試看回到大廳。
05:37
Oh, wait -- there's a room over there
on your right, Vicky, I think.
on your right, Vicky, I think.
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喔，等等——我好像看到在你的
右邊有一個房間，維琪。
右邊有一個房間，維琪。
05:41
Maybe there's something we can learn here.
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也許從那裡能得到一些資訊。
05:44
Oh, there's a tablet.
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喔，有個平板電腦。
05:46
Let's have a look.
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咱們來看看。
05:53
(Video) Girl: This is Daniel,
the coolest android in the world.
the coolest android in the world.
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（影片）女孩：這是丹尼爾，
世界上最酷的機器人。
世界上最酷的機器人。
說「嗨」，丹尼爾。
丹尼爾：哈囉！
丹尼爾：哈囉！
05:57
Say "Hi," Daniel.
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05:58
Daniel: Hello!
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女孩：你是我最好的朋友，
我們會永遠在一起！
我們會永遠在一起！
05:59
G: You're my bestie,
we'll always be together!
we'll always be together!
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06:02
DC: That was just one way
of playing the scenes,
of playing the scenes,
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講者：這只是玩
這個場景的一種方式，
這個場景的一種方式，
06:05
but there are many
other ways of playing it.
other ways of playing it.
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但還有很多其它方式可以玩它。
06:07
Depending on the choices you make,
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根據你所做的選擇，
我們可以看到很多不同的行為，
我們可以看到很多不同的行為，
06:09
we could have seen many different actions,
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06:11
many different consequences,
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許多不同的後果，
06:13
many different outcomes.
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許多不同的結果。
06:15
So that gives you an idea of what
my work is about as an interactive writer.
my work is about as an interactive writer.
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所以這應該能讓你們稍微了解
我身為互動編劇的工作是什麼。
我身為互動編劇的工作是什麼。
06:19
Where a linear writer needs
to deal with time and space,
to deal with time and space,
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線性編劇需要處理的是
時間和空間，
時間和空間，
06:24
as an interactive writer,
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而我身為互動編劇，
06:25
I need to deal with time,
space and possibilities.
space and possibilities.
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我需要處理的就是
時間、空間，和可能性。
時間、空間，和可能性。
06:30
I have to manage massive tree structures,
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我得要管理很大的樹狀結構，
06:35
where each branch
is a new variation of the story.
is a new variation of the story.
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每一條分枝都是
故事的一個新變化。
故事的一個新變化。
06:38
I need to think about all
the possibilities in a given scene
the possibilities in a given scene
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針對一個場景，我需要
想出當中所有的可能性，
想出當中所有的可能性，
06:41
and try to imagine
everything that can happen.
everything that can happen.
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並想像所有可能會發生的事。
06:43
I need to deal with thousands
and thousands of variables,
and thousands of variables,
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我需要處理數以千計的
變數、條件，和可能性。
06:48
conditions and possibilities.
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06:50
As a consequence, where a film script
is about 100 pages,
is about 100 pages,
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就結果來說，一般
電影劇本大約一百頁，
電影劇本大約一百頁，
06:55
an interactive script like this
is between four and five thousand pages.
is between four and five thousand pages.
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像這樣的互動式劇本
大約是四千到五千頁。
大約是四千到五千頁。
07:03
So that gives you an idea
of what this work is about.
of what this work is about.
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這樣你們就對
這項工作有點概念了。
這項工作有點概念了。
07:07
But I think, in the end,
the experience is very unique,
the experience is very unique,
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但，我認為，最終，
這段體驗是非常獨一無二的，
07:12
because it is the result
of the collaboration
of the collaboration
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因為它是合作的結果，
07:17
between a writer creating
this narrative landscape
this narrative landscape
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由編劇來創造這個
敘述故事的地景，
敘述故事的地景，
07:22
and the player making his own decisions,
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再由玩家做他自己的決定，
說他自己的故事，
說他自己的故事，
07:24
telling his own story
and becoming the cowriter
and becoming the cowriter
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成為共同編劇，
07:28
but also the coactor
and the codirector of the story.
and the codirector of the story.
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同時也是這個故事的
共同演員和共同導演。
共同演員和共同導演。
07:34
Interactive storytelling is a revolution
in the way we tell stories.
in the way we tell stories.
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互動敘事是說故事方式的革命。
07:39
With the emergence of new platforms
like interactive television,
like interactive television,
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隨著新平台的出現，如：
互動式電視、虛擬實境，
以及電玩遊戲，
以及電玩遊戲，
07:44
virtual reality and video games,
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07:46
it can become a new form of entertainment
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它變成了娛樂的一種新形式，
07:48
and maybe even a new form of art.
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甚至是藝術的一種新形式。
07:53
I am convinced that in the coming years,
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我深信，在接下來幾年，
07:56
we will see more and more moving
and meaningful interactive experiences,
and meaningful interactive experiences,
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我們將會看到更多更多
感人的且有意義的互動式體驗，
08:02
created by a new generation of talents.
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由新一代的才子創造出來。
08:06
This is a medium
waiting for its Orson Welles
waiting for its Orson Welles
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這是一種媒體，
在等它的奧森威爾斯，
在等它的奧森威爾斯，
08:09
or its Stanley Kubrick,
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或是它的史丹利庫柏，
08:10
and I have no doubt
that they will soon emerge
that they will soon emerge
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且我不懷疑它們很快就會出現
08:14
and be recognized as such.
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並得到這樣的認可。
08:18
I believe that interactive
storytelling can be
storytelling can be
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我相信，互動敘事會像是
08:21
what cinema was in the 20th century:
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二十世紀時電影扮演的角色：
08:24
an art that deeply changes its time.
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深深改變該時代的一種藝術。
08:28
Thank you.
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謝謝。
08:29
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Cage - Interactive storytellerThe creator of emotional, immersive games like "Heavy Rain," "BEYOND: Two Souls" and "Detroit: Become Human," David Cage uses games to push the boundaries of storytelling.
Why you should listen
Today, storytelling is all around us, but more and more people don't want to be spectators anymore -- they want to be actors of their own fiction. From social networks to interactive TV, virtual reality to immersive theatre, interactive storytelling is the next frontier for a new generation of writers.
Many people have preconceived ideas about video games, and sometimes they are right. But few people know that games can also be a wonderful creative medium capable of telling a new kind of narrative. In most art forms, the audience is watching passively. With interactive storytelling, the spectator becomes the hero of his own story.
David Cage dedicated his career to trying to understand how to tell interactive stories. Convinced that games can be more than entertainment, he tries to show that they can be a new form of expression, maybe even a new form of art, capable of emulating the interactive nature of life itself.
David Cage | Speaker | TED.com