TED2018
David Cage: How video games turn players into storytellers
David Cage: Bagaimana permainan video merubah pemain menjadi pencerita
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Pernahkah anda menonton sebuah filem atau membaca sebuah novel, lalu berharap anda boleh mengubah jalan cerita untuk menyelamatkan watak kegemaran anda? Pereka permainan, David Cage, membolehkan anda berbuat begitu dalam permainan videonya, yang mana pemain membuat keputusan yang membentuk plot yang sentiasa berubah-ubah. Dalam ucapan dan demonstrasi langsung, Cage mempersembahkan satu babak daripada projek terbarunya dan membiarkan penonton mengawal keputusan watak. "Penceritaan interaktif boleh menjadi seperti wayang pada abad ke-20: sebuah seni yang mengubah zamannya," kata Cage.
David Cage - Interactive storyteller
The creator of emotional, immersive games like "Heavy Rain," "BEYOND: Two Souls" and "Detroit: Become Human," David Cage uses games to push the boundaries of storytelling. Full bio
The creator of emotional, immersive games like "Heavy Rain," "BEYOND: Two Souls" and "Detroit: Become Human," David Cage uses games to push the boundaries of storytelling. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
The way we tell stories
has naturally changed
has naturally changed
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Cara kita bercerita
telah berubah
sejak Aristotle mendefinisikan
peraturan tragedi
peraturan tragedi
00:17
since Aristotle defined
the rules of tragedy
the rules of tragedy
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kira-kira
2,500 tahun dahulu.
2,500 tahun dahulu.
00:20
about 2,500 years ago.
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Menurut beliau,
00:24
According to him,
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00:26
the role of storytelling is to mimic life
and make us feel emotions.
and make us feel emotions.
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peranan penceritaan ialah untuk
meniru kehidupan
meniru kehidupan
dan membuat kita beremosi.
00:32
And that's exactly what
storytelling as we know it
storytelling as we know it
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Dan itulah penceritaan
seperti yang kita tahu
seperti yang kita tahu
00:35
has done very well since then.
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telah berjaya dilakukan sejak itu.
Tetapi terdapat dimensi kehidupan
00:38
But there is a dimension of life
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yang tidak dapat dicipta semula
oleh penceritaan
oleh penceritaan
00:41
that storytelling could
never really reproduce.
never really reproduce.
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00:44
It is the notion of choices.
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iaitu tanggapan tentang pilihan.
00:48
Choices are a very
important part of our lives.
important part of our lives.
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Pilihan sangat penting
dalam hidup kita.
dalam hidup kita.
00:51
We as individuals are defined
by the choices we make.
by the choices we make.
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Kita didefinisikan oleh
pilihan yang kita buat.
pilihan yang kita buat.
Sesetengah keputusan kita boleh
meninggalkan kesan yang besar
meninggalkan kesan yang besar
00:55
Some of our decisions can have
very significant consequences
very significant consequences
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dan merubah sepenuhnya
hidup kita.
hidup kita.
00:59
and totally change
the courses of our lives.
the courses of our lives.
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Tetapi dalam lakonan, novel atau filem,
01:03
But in a play, a novel or a film,
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01:07
the writer makes all the decisions
in advance for the characters,
in advance for the characters,
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penulis membuat semua keputusan
lebih awal untuk watak,
lebih awal untuk watak,
01:11
and as the audience,
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dan sebagai penonton,
kita hanya boleh melihat
secara pasif,
secara pasif,
01:13
we can only watch, passively,
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akibat daripada keputusannya.
01:15
the consequences of his decisions.
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Sebagai pencerita,
saya selalu tertarik
saya selalu tertarik
01:19
As a storyteller,
I've always been fascinated
I've always been fascinated
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dengan idea untuk mencipta semula
tanggapan tentang pilihan dalam fiksyen.
tanggapan tentang pilihan dalam fiksyen.
01:23
with the idea of recreating
this notion of choices in fiction.
this notion of choices in fiction.
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01:29
My dream was to put the audience
in the shoes of the main protagonists,
in the shoes of the main protagonists,
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Impian saya ialah meletakkan penonton
dalam watak protagonis utama,
dalam watak protagonis utama,
01:34
let them make their own decisions,
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biar mereka
buat keputusan sendiri,
buat keputusan sendiri,
01:36
and by doing so,
let them tell their own stories.
let them tell their own stories.
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dan dengan itu, biarkan mereka
menceritakan cerita mereka sendiri.
menceritakan cerita mereka sendiri.
01:42
Finding a way to achieve this is what
I did in the past 20 years of my life.
I did in the past 20 years of my life.
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Mencari kaedah untuk mencapai impian ini
mengisi masa saya selama 20 tahun.
mengisi masa saya selama 20 tahun.
01:49
Today, I would like to introduce you
to this new way of telling stories,
to this new way of telling stories,
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Hari ini, saya ingin memperkenal
kaedah baru bercerita.
kaedah baru bercerita.
Kaedah yang berasaskan interaktiviti.
01:54
a way that has interactivity at its heart.
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Daripada mendedahkan teori
di sebalik kaedah ini,
di sebalik kaedah ini,
01:59
Rather than exposing the theory behind it,
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yang mungkin agak abstrak
dan sedikit membosankan,
dan sedikit membosankan,
02:03
which could have been kind of abstract
and probably a little bit boring,
and probably a little bit boring,
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02:07
I thought it would be a great opportunity
to do a little experiment.
to do a little experiment.
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saya rasa ini peluang terbaik
untuk membuat sedikit uji kaji.
untuk membuat sedikit uji kaji.
Saya ingin anda, peserta TED,
02:13
I would like you, the people here at TED,
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menceritakan cerita anda sendiri.
02:18
to tell your own story.
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02:22
So I came with an interactive scene
that we are going to play together.
that we are going to play together.
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Maka saya bawakan babak interaktif
yang kita akan mainkan bersama-sama.
yang kita akan mainkan bersama-sama.
02:27
I've asked Vicky --
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Saya telah meminta Vicky --
Hello, Vicky --
02:29
hello, Vicky --
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02:30
to control the main character for us.
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untuk mengawal watak utama untuk kita.
02:33
And your role -- you, the audience --
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Dan peranan anda, para penonton,
adalah untuk membuat pilihan.
02:37
will be to make the choices.
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02:40
So Vicky and I don't know
what's going to happen,
what's going to happen,
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Vicky dan saya tidak tahu
apa yang akan berlaku
apa yang akan berlaku
kerana semuanya berdasarkan
keputusan anda.
keputusan anda.
02:43
because it will all be based
on your decisions.
on your decisions.
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Babak ini daripada permainan kami
yang akan datang, "Detroit: Become Human,"
yang akan datang, "Detroit: Become Human,"
02:48
This scene comes from our next game,
called "Detroit: Become Human,"
called "Detroit: Become Human,"
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dan kita berada di masa hadapan,
02:54
and we are in the near future,
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02:58
where technology made possible
the creation of androids
the creation of androids
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yang mana teknologi telah membolehkan
penciptaan android
penciptaan android
03:01
that look exactly like human beings.
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yang kelihatan seperti manusia.
Kita memainkan watak bernama Connor,
03:03
We are in the shoes
of this character called Connor,
of this character called Connor,
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sebuah android,
03:06
who is an android,
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03:07
and he can do very fancy things
with coins, as you can see.
with coins, as you can see.
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dan dia boleh membuat perkara ragam
dengan syiling, seperti yang anda lihat.
dengan syiling, seperti yang anda lihat.
03:11
He has this blue triangle on this chest,
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Dia mempunyai segitiga berwarna biru
di dadanya,
di dadanya,
03:15
as all androids do,
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seperti semua android,
dan sekarang Vicky mengawal
watak ini.
watak ini.
03:18
and now Vicky is in control
of this character.
of this character.
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03:21
She can walk around, she can go anywhere,
she can look around,
she can look around,
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Dia boleh berjalan-jalan,
pergi ke mana-mana, melihat-lihat,
pergi ke mana-mana, melihat-lihat,
03:25
she can interact with her environment,
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berinteraksi
dengan persekitarannya,
dengan persekitarannya,
03:27
and now she can tell her own stories
by making choices.
by making choices.
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dan sekarang dia boleh bercerita
dengan membuat pilihan.
dengan membuat pilihan.
03:29
So here we have our first choice.
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Di sini kita boleh membuat
pilihan pertama kita.
pilihan pertama kita.
Ada ikan di atas lantai.
03:32
There is a fish on the ground.
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03:34
What should we do?
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Apa perlu kita buat?
03:35
Should we save it or should we leave it?
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Selamatkan atau biarkan ikan itu?
03:37
Remember, we are under time pressure,
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Ingat, kita mempunyai tekanan masa,
03:39
so we'd better be fast.
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kita perlu bertindak pantas.
03:40
What should we do?
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Apa perlu kita buat?
Penonton: Selamatkan! Biarkan!
03:42
Audience: Save it!
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David Cage: Baik, mari selamatkan ikan?
03:43
David Cage: Save it? Save the fish?
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(Video) (Ikan masuk dalam air)
03:49
(Video) (Fish plops)
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DC: Baiklah.
03:50
DC: There we go.
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03:53
OK, we have an android who likes animals.
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OK, kita ada android yang sukakan haiwan.
03:56
OK, let's move on.
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OK, mari teruskan.
Ingat, kita ada situasi tebusan.
03:57
Remember, we have a hostage situation.
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(Video) Wanita: Tolong, tolong,
kamu perlu selamatkan anak saya!
kamu perlu selamatkan anak saya!
03:59
(Video) Woman: Please, please,
you've got to save my little girl!
you've got to save my little girl!
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04:03
Wait -- you're sending an android?
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Tunggu -- kamu hantar android?
Pegawai: Baik, puan. Puan perlu pergi.
04:06
Officer: All right, ma'am, you need to go.
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04:09
W: You can't do that!
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W: Kamu tak boleh buat begitu!
Kenapa kamu tak hantar orang sebenar?
04:11
Why aren't you sending a real person?
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04:14
DC: OK, she's not really happy.
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DC: OK, dia tak gembira.
04:16
Her daughter's been
taken hostage by an android,
taken hostage by an android,
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Anaknya telah dijadikan
tebusan oleh android.
tebusan oleh android.
dan tentu dia dalam keadaan terkejut.
04:18
and of course, she's in a state of shock.
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Sekarang kita boleh
periksa pangsapuri ini.
periksa pangsapuri ini.
04:21
Now we can continue
to explore this apartment.
to explore this apartment.
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Kita melihat pasukan SWAT
dalam kedudukan mereka.
dalam kedudukan mereka.
04:23
We see all the SWAT forces in place.
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Tetapi kita perlu mencari
Kapten Allen dahulu.
Kapten Allen dahulu.
04:26
But we need to find
this Captain Allen first.
this Captain Allen first.
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04:28
That's the first thing we need to do.
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Itu perkara pertama kita perlu buat.
04:30
So, again, we can go anywhere.
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Sekali lagi, kita boleh ke mana-mana.
Vicky masih mengawal watak.
04:32
Vicky's still in control of the character.
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04:34
Let's see -- oh, I think this
is Captain Allen. He's on the phone.
is Captain Allen. He's on the phone.
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Mari lihat -- oh, saya rasa
ini Kapten Allen. Dia bercakap di telefon?
ini Kapten Allen. Dia bercakap di telefon?
04:39
(Video) Connor: Captain Allen,
my name is Connor.
my name is Connor.
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(Video) Connor: Kapten Allen,
nama saya, Connor.
nama saya, Connor.
04:42
I'm the android sent by CyberLife.
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Saya android yang dihantar oleh CyberLife.
04:47
Captain Allen: Let's fire
at everything that moves.
at everything that moves.
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Kapten Allen: Ia menembak apa-apa
yang bergerak.
yang bergerak.
Ia telah menembak dua pegawai saya.
04:49
It already shot down two of my men.
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04:52
We could easily get it,
but they're on the edge of the balcony --
but they're on the edge of the balcony --
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Kami boleh tembaknya,
tetapi mereka di hujung beranda.
tetapi mereka di hujung beranda.
Jika ia jatuh,
04:55
it if falls,
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budak itu jatuh.
04:56
she falls.
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DC: OK, kita perlu memilih soalan
untuk ditanyakan kepada kapten.
untuk ditanyakan kepada kapten.
04:57
DC: OK, now we need to decide
what we want to ask the captain.
what we want to ask the captain.
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Apa pilihan kita?
05:00
What should be our choice?
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05:02
Deviant's name? Deviant's
behavior? Emotional shock?
behavior? Emotional shock?
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Nama devian? Tingkah laku devian?
Kejutan emosi?
Kejutan emosi?
05:05
(Video) C: Has it experienced
an emotional shock recently?
an emotional shock recently?
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(Video)C: Adakah ia mengalami
tekanan emosi baru-baru ini?
tekanan emosi baru-baru ini?
Kapt A: Saya tak tahu. Pentingkah?
05:09
Capt A: I haven't got
a clue. Does it matter?
a clue. Does it matter?
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05:11
C: I need information
to determine the best approach.
to determine the best approach.
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C: Saya perlukan maklumat
untuk menentukan langkah terbaik.
untuk menentukan langkah terbaik.
DC: OK, pilihan kedua.
Mungkin kita boleh belajar sesuatu.
Mungkin kita boleh belajar sesuatu.
05:14
DC: OK, a second choice.
Maybe we can learn something.
Maybe we can learn something.
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05:17
What should we choose?
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Apa perlu kita pilih?
05:18
Audience: Behavior.
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Penonton: Tingkah laku.
05:19
DC: OK, deviant behavior, Vicky.
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DC: Tingkah laku devian, Vicky.
05:21
(Video) C: Do you know if it's been
behaving strangely before this?
behaving strangely before this?
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(Video)C: Adakah ia pernah
berkelakuan pelik sebelum ini?
berkelakuan pelik sebelum ini?
Kapt A: Dengar... menyelamatkan budak itu
perkara paling penting.
perkara paling penting.
05:24
Capt A: Listen ... saving that kid
is all that matters.
is all that matters.
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DC: OK, kita tak akan tahu apa-apa
daripada lelaki ini.
daripada lelaki ini.
05:29
DC: OK, we are not going to learn
anything from this guy.
anything from this guy.
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Kita perlu buat sesuatu.
05:31
We need to do something.
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Mari cuba ke lobi semula.
05:33
Let's try to go back in the lobby.
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05:37
Oh, wait -- there's a room over there
on your right, Vicky, I think.
on your right, Vicky, I think.
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Oh, tunggu -- ada bilik di sebelah kanan,
Vicky, saya rasa.
Vicky, saya rasa.
Mungkin ada sesuatu
yang boleh kita pelajari di sini.
yang boleh kita pelajari di sini.
05:41
Maybe there's something we can learn here.
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05:44
Oh, there's a tablet.
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Oh, ada tablet.
05:46
Let's have a look.
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Mari kita lihat.
(Video) Gadis: Ini Daniel,
android terhebat di dunia.
android terhebat di dunia.
05:53
(Video) Girl: This is Daniel,
the coolest android in the world.
the coolest android in the world.
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Cakap "Hi, Daniel."
05:57
Say "Hi," Daniel.
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05:58
Daniel: Hello!
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Daniel: Hello!
05:59
G: You're my bestie,
we'll always be together!
we'll always be together!
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G: Awak kawan baik saya,
kita akan sentiasa bersama-sama!
kita akan sentiasa bersama-sama!
06:02
DC: That was just one way
of playing the scenes,
of playing the scenes,
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DC: Ini salah satu cara untuk
mainkan babak itu,
mainkan babak itu,
06:05
but there are many
other ways of playing it.
other ways of playing it.
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tetapi terdapat banyak lagi cara
untuk memainkannya.
untuk memainkannya.
06:07
Depending on the choices you make,
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Bergantung pada pilihan anda,
kita boleh lihat
pelbagai tindakan berbeza,
pelbagai tindakan berbeza,
06:09
we could have seen many different actions,
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pelbagai akibat berbeza,
06:11
many different consequences,
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pelbagai hasil berbeza.
06:13
many different outcomes.
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Jadi, itu memberi anda gambaran tentang
tugas saya sebagai penulis interaktif.
tugas saya sebagai penulis interaktif.
06:15
So that gives you an idea of what
my work is about as an interactive writer.
my work is about as an interactive writer.
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Sementara seorang penulis linear perlu
bermain dengan masa dan ruang,
bermain dengan masa dan ruang,
06:19
Where a linear writer needs
to deal with time and space,
to deal with time and space,
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06:24
as an interactive writer,
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sebagai penulis interaktif,
06:25
I need to deal with time,
space and possibilities.
space and possibilities.
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saya perlu bermain dengan masa,
ruang dan kemungkinan.
ruang dan kemungkinan.
06:30
I have to manage massive tree structures,
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Saya perlu menguruskan
struktur pokok yang besar,
struktur pokok yang besar,
yang mana setiap dahan
merupakan variasi baru cerita tersebut.
merupakan variasi baru cerita tersebut.
06:35
where each branch
is a new variation of the story.
is a new variation of the story.
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Saya perlu fikirkan semua
kemungkinan dalam setiap babak
kemungkinan dalam setiap babak
06:38
I need to think about all
the possibilities in a given scene
the possibilities in a given scene
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06:41
and try to imagine
everything that can happen.
everything that can happen.
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dan bayangkan semua perkara
yang boleh berlaku.
yang boleh berlaku.
06:43
I need to deal with thousands
and thousands of variables,
and thousands of variables,
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Saya perlu berkerja
dengan beribu-ribu pembolehubah,
dengan beribu-ribu pembolehubah,
keadaan dan kemungkinan.
06:48
conditions and possibilities.
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06:50
As a consequence, where a film script
is about 100 pages,
is about 100 pages,
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Akibatnya, sementara skrip filem
mempunyai 100 muka surat,
mempunyai 100 muka surat,
skrip interaktif seperti ini mempunyai
antara empat hingga lima ribu muka surat.
antara empat hingga lima ribu muka surat.
06:55
an interactive script like this
is between four and five thousand pages.
is between four and five thousand pages.
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07:03
So that gives you an idea
of what this work is about.
of what this work is about.
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Anda kini mendapat gambaran
tentang tugas ini.
tentang tugas ini.
Tetapi saya fikir, pada akhirnya,
pengalaman ini amat unik
pengalaman ini amat unik
07:07
But I think, in the end,
the experience is very unique,
the experience is very unique,
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kerana ini adalah hasil daripada kerjasama
07:12
because it is the result
of the collaboration
of the collaboration
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07:17
between a writer creating
this narrative landscape
this narrative landscape
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antara penulis yang mencipta
landskap naratif ini
landskap naratif ini
dan pemain yang membuat
keputusan sendiri,
keputusan sendiri,
07:22
and the player making his own decisions,
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07:24
telling his own story
and becoming the cowriter
and becoming the cowriter
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menceritakan ceritanya
dan menjadi penulis bersama,
dan menjadi penulis bersama,
tetapi juga pelakon bersama
dan pengarah bersama cerita ini.
dan pengarah bersama cerita ini.
07:28
but also the coactor
and the codirector of the story.
and the codirector of the story.
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Penceritaan interaktif merupakan
revolusi dalam cara kita bercerita.
revolusi dalam cara kita bercerita.
07:34
Interactive storytelling is a revolution
in the way we tell stories.
in the way we tell stories.
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07:39
With the emergence of new platforms
like interactive television,
like interactive television,
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Dengan kemunculan platform baharu
seperti televisyen interaktif,
seperti televisyen interaktif,
realiti maya dan permainan video,
07:44
virtual reality and video games,
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07:46
it can become a new form of entertainment
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ia boleh menjadi bentuk hiburan baharu
dan mungkin juga bentuk seni baharu.
07:48
and maybe even a new form of art.
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07:53
I am convinced that in the coming years,
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Saya yakin bahawa
dalam tahun yang mendatang,
dalam tahun yang mendatang,
lebih banyak pengalaman interaktif
yang menyentuh dan bermakna
yang menyentuh dan bermakna
07:56
we will see more and more moving
and meaningful interactive experiences,
and meaningful interactive experiences,
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08:02
created by a new generation of talents.
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akan dicipta oleh generasi bakat baharu.
08:06
This is a medium
waiting for its Orson Welles
waiting for its Orson Welles
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Ini adalah medium
yang menunggu Orson Welles-nya
yang menunggu Orson Welles-nya
08:09
or its Stanley Kubrick,
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atau Stanley Kubrick-nya,
08:10
and I have no doubt
that they will soon emerge
that they will soon emerge
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dan saya yakin bahawa mereka
akan muncul tidak lama lagi
akan muncul tidak lama lagi
dan dikenali seperti mereka.
08:14
and be recognized as such.
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Saya percaya bahawa penceritaan
interaktif boleh menjadi
interaktif boleh menjadi
08:18
I believe that interactive
storytelling can be
storytelling can be
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seperti wayang pada abad ke-20:
08:21
what cinema was in the 20th century:
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08:24
an art that deeply changes its time.
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sebuah seni yang mengubah zamannya.
08:28
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
08:29
(Applause)
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(Tepukan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Cage - Interactive storytellerThe creator of emotional, immersive games like "Heavy Rain," "BEYOND: Two Souls" and "Detroit: Become Human," David Cage uses games to push the boundaries of storytelling.
Why you should listen
Today, storytelling is all around us, but more and more people don't want to be spectators anymore -- they want to be actors of their own fiction. From social networks to interactive TV, virtual reality to immersive theatre, interactive storytelling is the next frontier for a new generation of writers.
Many people have preconceived ideas about video games, and sometimes they are right. But few people know that games can also be a wonderful creative medium capable of telling a new kind of narrative. In most art forms, the audience is watching passively. With interactive storytelling, the spectator becomes the hero of his own story.
David Cage dedicated his career to trying to understand how to tell interactive stories. Convinced that games can be more than entertainment, he tries to show that they can be a new form of expression, maybe even a new form of art, capable of emulating the interactive nature of life itself.
David Cage | Speaker | TED.com