TED@BCG London
Yves Morieux: How too many rules at work keep you from getting things done
伊夫．莫里耶: 工作中太多規則如何讓你一事無成
Filmed:
Readability: 4.5
2,117,108 views
現代工作--無論是餐飲服務、玩弄數字、或是憑空想出新產品--都是利用全新的方式，靈活地解決每天遇到的新問題。但正如伊夫‧莫里耶在這場充滿洞見的談話中展現的，有太多時候，過多的流程、簽核、內部衡量方式讓我們無法拿出最佳工作表現。針對工作，他提出了新的思考方式 -- 鼓勵合作、而非競爭。
Yves Morieux - Consultant
BCG's Yves Morieux researches how corporations can adapt to a modern and complex business landscape. Full bio
BCG's Yves Morieux researches how corporations can adapt to a modern and complex business landscape. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Paul Krugman, the Nobel Prize
[winner] in economics, once wrote:
[winner] in economics, once wrote:
0
972
5933
諾貝爾經濟學獎得主
保羅·克魯曼曾經寫道：
保羅·克魯曼曾經寫道：
00:18
"Productivity is not everything,
but in the long run,
but in the long run,
1
6929
5396
「生產力不是一切，但長期而言，
00:24
it is almost everything."
2
12349
2174
它幾乎等於一切。」
00:28
So this is serious.
3
16062
1406
所以這不是開玩笑的。
00:30
There are not that many things on earth
that are "almost everything."
that are "almost everything."
4
18214
4804
地球上還沒有太多事情
可說是「幾乎等於一切」。
可說是「幾乎等於一切」。
00:36
Productivity is the principal driver
of the prosperity of a society.
of the prosperity of a society.
5
24138
6773
生產力是促進社會繁榮的主要驅動力。
00:43
So we have a problem.
6
31560
1555
所以我們遇到麻煩了。
00:45
In the largest European economies,
7
33837
2769
在最大的歐洲經濟體系裡，
00:48
productivity used to grow
five percent per annum
five percent per annum
8
36630
3150
生產力曾經每年成長5%，
00:51
in the '50s, '60s, early '70s.
9
39804
3115
在'50年代、'60年代、'70年代早期。
00:54
From '73 to '83: three percent per annum.
10
42943
4028
而在'73年到'83年：每年3%。
00:58
From '83 to '95: two percent per annum.
11
46995
3289
'83到'95年：每年2%。
01:02
Since 1995: less than
one percent per annum.
one percent per annum.
12
50308
4710
1995年後：每年不到1%。
01:07
The same profile in Japan.
13
55042
2444
同樣的狀況發生在日本。
01:10
The same profile in the US,
14
58115
2870
同樣的狀況也發生在美國，
01:13
despite a momentary rebound 15 years ago,
15
61009
5333
儘管15年前有過短暫的復甦，
01:18
and despite all
the technological innovations
the technological innovations
16
66366
3364
以及我們有這麼多新科技的加持，
01:21
around us: the Internet, the information,
17
69754
2579
包含網際網路、資訊科技、
01:24
the new information
and communication technologies.
and communication technologies.
18
72357
3221
以及新的資訊傳播科技。
01:28
When productivity grows
three percent per annum,
three percent per annum,
19
76155
4579
當生產力以每年3%成長時，
01:32
you double the standard of living
every generation.
every generation.
20
80758
3642
每一代的生活水準都往上加一倍。
01:37
Every generation is twice
as well-off as its parents'.
as well-off as its parents'.
21
85169
5009
每一代都是他們父母輩的兩倍富裕。
01:42
When it grows one percent per annum,
22
90686
3326
而當成長率降到1%時，
01:46
it takes three generations
to double the standard of living.
to double the standard of living.
23
94036
3627
需要經歷三代，生活水準才會加倍。
01:49
And in this process, many people
will be less well-off than their parents.
will be less well-off than their parents.
24
97687
5794
在這過程中，許多人會比父母輩貧窮。
01:55
They will have less of everything:
25
103505
2514
他們在各個層面上，都擁有的較少：
01:58
smaller roofs, or perhaps no roof at all,
26
106043
3491
住比較小的房子、或者根本沒房子住，
02:02
less access to education, to vitamins,
to antibiotics, to vaccination --
to antibiotics, to vaccination --
27
110645
6399
較受限的教育機會，甚至更難取得
維他命、抗生素、疫苗接踵 --
維他命、抗生素、疫苗接踵 --
02:09
to everything.
28
117068
1275
幾乎所有一切。
02:11
Think of all the problems
that we're facing at the moment.
that we're facing at the moment.
29
119502
5861
想想這些現在我們正在面對的問題。
02:18
All.
30
126347
1162
我們全部。
02:20
Chances are that they are rooted
in the productivity crisis.
in the productivity crisis.
31
128692
4439
事情可能是他們正陷於
生產力危機之中。
生產力危機之中。
02:27
Why this crisis?
32
135226
1681
為何會有這個危機?
02:30
Because the basic tenets
about efficiency --
about efficiency --
33
138438
5475
因為關於效率的基本指導原則 --
02:35
effectiveness in organizations,
in management --
in management --
34
143937
4811
也就是組織和管理的作用 --
02:40
have become counterproductive
for human efforts.
for human efforts.
35
148772
4251
已經成為降低人類工作生產力的元凶。
02:45
Everywhere in public services --
in companies, in the way we work,
in companies, in the way we work,
36
153539
4166
在每一個公家機關、私人企業
影響著我們工作的方式，
影響著我們工作的方式，
02:49
the way we innovate, invest --
try to learn to work better.
try to learn to work better.
37
157729
4336
影響著我們創新、發明新東西、
試著學習將工作做好的方式。
試著學習將工作做好的方式。
02:54
Take the holy trinity of efficiency:
38
162954
4486
以效率教條神聖的「三位一體」為例：
03:00
clarity, measurement, accountability.
39
168805
5912
條理分明、衡量指標、專人專責。
03:07
They make human efforts derail.
40
175870
2597
這些都讓人類的努力付出脫軌。
03:11
There are two ways
to look at it, to prove it.
to look at it, to prove it.
41
179650
4072
我們可以透過兩種方式
來看這件事、並證明它。
來看這件事、並證明它。
03:15
One, the one I prefer,
42
183746
2666
第一種，我個人偏好，
03:18
is rigorous, elegant, nice -- math.
43
186436
5545
嚴謹的、優美的、可愛的--數學。
03:24
But the full math version
takes a little while,
takes a little while,
44
192593
3263
但完整的數學分析需要好些時間，
03:27
so there is another one.
45
195880
1795
所以有另一種方式，
03:29
It is to look at a relay race.
46
197699
2466
就是從接力賽來看。
03:32
This is what we will do today.
47
200697
1668
這是今天我們要用的方式，
03:34
It's a bit more animated, more visual
and also faster -- it's a race.
and also faster -- it's a race.
48
202389
6350
更加栩栩如生、更視覺化、
也更快 -- 它是賽跑
也更快 -- 它是賽跑
03:41
Hopefully, it's faster.
49
209572
1294
當然希望會更快。
03:42
(Laughter)
50
210890
1364
(笑聲)
03:44
World championship final -- women.
51
212278
4958
世界冠軍戰 -- 女子組。
03:49
Eight teams in the final.
52
217260
2111
有8支隊伍進入冠軍戰。
03:51
The fastest team is the US team.
53
219395
2805
最快的隊伍是美國隊。
03:55
They have the fastest women on earth.
54
223129
2667
她們有全球最快的女子選手。
03:58
They are the favorite team to win.
55
226153
2775
她們是最有希望獲勝的隊伍。
04:00
Notably, if you compare them
to an average team,
to an average team,
56
228952
4190
特別是，如果你和一個
平均水準的隊伍比較，
平均水準的隊伍比較，
04:05
say, the French team,
57
233166
1374
例如法國隊，
04:06
(Laughter)
58
234564
1587
(笑聲)
04:08
based on their best performances
in the 100-meter race,
in the 100-meter race,
59
236175
5195
以她們百米賽跑的最佳成績為基準，
04:13
if you add the individual times
of the US runners,
of the US runners,
60
241394
5769
如果你把美國選手的個人時間加進來，
04:19
they arrive at the finish line
3.2 meters ahead of the French team.
3.2 meters ahead of the French team.
61
247187
6912
她們到達終點線時，
可以領先法國隊3.2公尺。
可以領先法國隊3.2公尺。
04:26
And this year, the US team
is in great shape.
is in great shape.
62
254438
3024
而今年，美國隊狀況極佳。
04:30
Based on their best performance this year,
63
258034
2386
以她們今年的最佳成績為基準，
04:32
they arrive 6.4 meters
ahead of the French team,
ahead of the French team,
64
260444
4905
可以領先法國隊6.4公尺，
04:37
based on the data.
65
265373
1365
數據上看來如此。
04:39
We are going to look at the race.
66
267274
1579
我們等等來看這場比賽，
04:40
At some point you will see,
towards the end,
towards the end,
67
268877
2423
在某個時間點你會看到，逼近終點時
04:43
that Torri Edwards,
the fourth US runner, is ahead.
the fourth US runner, is ahead.
68
271324
6306
美國隊第四棒選手
托里·愛德華絲仍然領先。
托里·愛德華絲仍然領先。
04:49
Not surprising -- this year she got
the gold medal in the 100-meter race.
the gold medal in the 100-meter race.
69
277654
6489
並不令人感到意外 --
今年她拿下百米金牌。
今年她拿下百米金牌。
04:56
And by the way, Chryste Gaines,
the second runner in the US team,
the second runner in the US team,
70
284167
4942
順道一提，美國隊第二棒的
克萊斯特·蓋恩斯
克萊斯特·蓋恩斯
05:01
is the fastest woman on earth.
71
289133
2637
是全世界最快的女子選手。
05:03
So, there are 3.5 billion women on earth.
72
291794
5153
所以，地球上有35億個女人，
05:09
Where are the two fastest? On the US team.
73
297890
3173
最快的兩個在哪裡? 在美國隊裡。
05:13
And the two other runners
on the US team are not bad, either.
on the US team are not bad, either.
74
301087
3273
而美國隊另外兩個選手當然也不差啦。
05:16
(Laughter)
75
304384
1716
(笑聲)
05:18
So clearly, the US team has won
the war for talent.
the war for talent.
76
306124
4671
所以很清楚地，美國隊
是人才爭奪戰中的贏家。
是人才爭奪戰中的贏家。
05:24
But behind, the average team
is trying to catch up.
is trying to catch up.
77
312391
3981
但在她們背後，平均水準
的隊伍正試著迎頭趕上。
的隊伍正試著迎頭趕上。
05:28
Let's watch the race.
78
316396
1349
我們來看看比賽。
05:30
(Video: French sportscasters narrate race)
79
318300
5025
(影片：法國播報員講述比賽內容)
06:18
(Video: Race narration ends)
80
366886
2000
(影片：比賽播報結束)
06:22
Yves Morieux: So what happened?
81
370112
1495
所以發生了什麼事?
06:23
The fastest team did not win;
the slower one did.
the slower one did.
82
371631
4411
最快的隊伍並未取得勝利，
比較慢的隊伍贏了。
比較慢的隊伍贏了。
06:28
By the way, I hope you appreciate
83
376809
1937
對了，希望你們喜歡
06:30
the deep historical research I did
to make the French look good.
to make the French look good.
84
378770
5926
我為了讓法國隊看起來不錯
所做的深入歷史研究。
所做的深入歷史研究。
06:36
(Laughter)
85
384720
2295
(笑聲) (掌聲)
06:41
But let's not exaggerate --
it's not archeology, either.
it's not archeology, either.
86
389485
4419
不過我們不用言過其實--
畢竟這也不是考古學。
畢竟這也不是考古學。
06:45
(Laughter)
87
393928
1981
(笑聲)
06:47
But why?
88
395933
1166
但為什麼?
06:49
Because of cooperation.
89
397123
1540
因為合作。
06:50
When you hear this sentence:
90
398687
1834
當你聽到這句話：
06:52
"Thanks to cooperation, the whole
is worth more than the sum of the parts."
is worth more than the sum of the parts."
91
400545
4401
「謝謝合作，整體的力量
大於個體的總和。」
大於個體的總和。」
06:57
This is not poetry;
this is not philosophy.
this is not philosophy.
92
405707
3315
這不是詩歌、也不是哲學。
07:01
This is math.
93
409046
1515
這是算數。
07:03
Those who carry the baton are slower,
94
411196
3280
那些拿著接力棒的人
本身跑得比別人慢，
本身跑得比別人慢，
07:06
but their baton is faster.
95
414500
1697
但她們的接力棒卻比別人的快。
07:08
Miracle of cooperation:
96
416848
1635
合作的神奇之處：
07:11
it multiplies energy,
intelligence in human efforts.
intelligence in human efforts.
97
419057
5280
它將人類努力的能量和智慧相乘。
07:16
It is the essence of human efforts:
98
424361
2975
它是人類所努力付出的本質：
07:19
how we work together, how each effort
contributes to the efforts of others.
contributes to the efforts of others.
99
427360
5816
我們如何一起工作、我們的付出
如何為別人的付出帶來貢獻。
如何為別人的付出帶來貢獻。
07:26
With cooperation,
we can do more with less.
we can do more with less.
100
434017
3248
透過合作，我們可以用
更少資源完成更多事情。
更少資源完成更多事情。
07:29
Now, what happens to cooperation
when the holy grail --
when the holy grail --
101
437788
5548
接下來，看看這些聖杯--
07:35
the holy trinity, even --
102
443360
2438
或者說，這三位一體--
07:37
of clarity, measurement, accountability --
103
445822
6221
條理分明、衡量指標、專人專責
-- 當它們出現時
-- 當它們出現時
07:44
appears?
104
452067
1169
對合作產生什麼影響?
07:46
Clarity.
105
454952
1152
「條理分明」
07:48
Management reports are full of complaints
about the lack of clarity.
about the lack of clarity.
106
456128
4581
管理報告充滿對於缺乏條理的抱怨。
07:53
Compliance audits,
consultants' diagnostics.
consultants' diagnostics.
107
461424
3717
合規性審計、顧問診斷。
07:58
We need more clarity, we need
to clarify the roles, the processes.
to clarify the roles, the processes.
108
466490
4532
我們需要更多條理，
我們需要澄清角色和流程。
我們需要澄清角色和流程。
08:04
It is as though the runners
on the team were saying,
on the team were saying,
109
472092
4016
這很困難，這就像接力賽的選手們說：
08:08
"Let's be clear -- where does my role
really start and end?
really start and end?
110
476132
5948
「我們講清楚...我的角色到底
從哪裡開始、到哪裡結束?
從哪裡開始、到哪裡結束?
08:14
Am I supposed to run for 95 meters,
96, 97...?"
96, 97...?"
111
482938
4832
我應該要跑95公尺
還是96、97...?」
還是96、97...?」
08:19
It's important, let's be clear.
112
487794
1790
這很重要，所以我們說清楚。
08:22
If you say 97, after 97 meters,
113
490885
3006
如果你說97，那麼97公尺後，
08:25
people will drop the baton, whether
there is someone to take it or not.
there is someone to take it or not.
114
493915
3532
她們就會直接放掉接力棒，
不管是否有人接住。
不管是否有人接住。
08:31
Accountability.
115
499145
1222
「專人專責」
08:33
We are constantly trying
to put accountability
to put accountability
116
501084
3450
我們不斷試著把責任
08:36
in someone's hands.
117
504558
1573
放進某人的手裡。
08:38
Who is accountable for this process?
118
506559
2573
誰要對這個流程負責?
08:41
We need somebody accountable
for this process.
for this process.
119
509156
3121
我們需要能對這個流程負責的人。
08:44
So in the relay race,
since passing the baton is so important,
since passing the baton is so important,
120
512634
4461
所以在接力賽中，因為
傳遞接力棒這麼重要，
傳遞接力棒這麼重要，
08:49
then we need somebody
clearly accountable for passing the baton.
clearly accountable for passing the baton.
121
517119
3747
我們得找個人非常清楚地
負責傳遞接力棒。
負責傳遞接力棒。
08:53
So between each runner,
122
521786
2179
所以在每兩個選手之間，
08:55
now we will have a new dedicated athlete,
123
523989
4724
我們需要一個新的專職運動員，
09:00
clearly dedicated to taking
the baton from one runner,
the baton from one runner,
124
528737
4545
專門從一個選手手中接過接力棒，(笑聲)
09:05
and passing it to the next runner.
125
533306
2296
然後把它傳遞給下一個選手。
09:08
And we will have at least two like that.
126
536284
2509
而且我們需要至少兩個。
09:12
Well, will we, in that case, win the race?
127
540381
6460
好，如果是這樣，我們能贏得比賽嗎?
09:19
That I don't know, but for sure,
128
547903
2001
我不知道，但可以確定的是，
09:21
we would have a clear interface,
129
549928
3270
我們會有個清楚的交界，
09:25
a clear line of accountability.
130
553222
2644
清楚的責任劃分。
09:27
We will know who to blame.
131
555890
1928
我們會知道輸了該怪誰，
09:30
But we'll never win the race.
132
558834
2241
但我們永遠贏不了比賽
09:33
If you think about it,
we pay more attention
we pay more attention
133
561099
4987
如果你仔細想想，我們把較多注意力
09:38
to knowing who to blame in case we fail,
134
566110
4155
放在找出失敗時要怪罪的人，
09:42
than to creating
the conditions to succeed.
the conditions to succeed.
135
570289
3721
而不是創造成功的條件。
09:47
All the human intelligence
put in organization design --
put in organization design --
136
575384
3363
所有人類投入在組織設計--
09:50
urban structures, processing systems --
137
578771
2785
還有都市結構、處理系統--的智慧，
09:53
what is the real goal?
138
581580
1624
真正的目標是什麼?
09:56
To have somebody guilty in case they fail.
139
584347
2930
讓有人會在失敗時感到罪惡。
10:00
We are creating
organizations able to fail,
organizations able to fail,
140
588499
4887
我們正在創造有能力失敗的組織，
10:05
but in a compliant way,
141
593410
2977
但與此並存的，
10:08
with somebody clearly
accountable when we fail.
accountable when we fail.
142
596411
3442
是在失敗時能有人清楚地負責。
10:11
And we are quite effective
at that -- failing.
at that -- failing.
143
599877
3824
而我們總能相當有效地在--失敗。
10:16
Measurement.
144
604892
1161
「衡量指標」
10:18
What gets measured gets done.
145
606674
1428
衡量什麼，人們就做什麼。
10:20
Look, to pass the baton,
you have to do it at the right time,
you have to do it at the right time,
146
608126
4391
聽著，要傳遞接力棒，
必須要在正確的時機、
必須要在正確的時機、
10:24
in the right hand, at the right speed.
147
612541
2475
用正確的手、正確的速度。
10:27
But to do that, you have to put
energy in your arm.
energy in your arm.
148
615457
2559
要做到這樣，你得將精力放在手上，
10:30
This energy that is in your arm
will not be in your legs.
will not be in your legs.
149
618040
2991
而這些在你手上的精力，
無法同時放在你腳上。
無法同時放在你腳上。
10:33
It will come at the expense
of your measurable speed.
of your measurable speed.
150
621491
2979
這會對你能測得的速度造成一些損耗。
10:37
You have to shout early enough
to the next runner
to the next runner
151
625367
3453
你也得在傳遞接力棒前
10:40
when you will pass the baton,
to signal that you are arriving,
to signal that you are arriving,
152
628844
3311
及早向下一棒喊叫，
做為你已經接近的訊號，
做為你已經接近的訊號，
10:44
so that the next runner
can prepare, can anticipate.
can prepare, can anticipate.
153
632179
3205
讓她得以準備、預期你到達的時間。
10:47
And you have to shout loud.
154
635408
2163
你必須大聲喊叫，
10:50
But the blood, the energy
that will be in your throat
that will be in your throat
155
638182
3973
但你的血液和精力會被放在喉嚨裡，
10:54
will not be in your legs.
156
642179
1400
而不是在腳上。
10:55
Because you know, there are
eight people shouting at the same time.
eight people shouting at the same time.
157
643603
3756
因為你知道，會有8個人同時喊叫，
10:59
So you have to recognize the voice
of your colleague.
of your colleague.
158
647383
2639
所以你得認出隊友的聲音。
11:02
You cannot say, "Is it you?"
159
650372
1753
你不能說：「是妳嗎?」
11:04
Too late!
160
652570
1154
來不及了！
11:05
(Laughter)
161
653748
1206
(笑聲)
11:06
Now, let's look at the race
in slow motion,
in slow motion,
162
654978
4976
接下來，我們來看看比賽的慢動作，
11:11
and concentrate on the third runner.
163
659978
2548
並將注意力放在第三棒的選手。
11:14
Look at where she allocates her efforts,
164
662550
4423
看看她如何分配自己的氣力、
11:18
her energy, her attention.
165
666997
2707
精力和注意力。
11:22
Not all in her legs -- that would
be great for her own speed --
be great for her own speed --
166
670878
3144
並非全在雙腳上--
那只對自己的速度有幫助--
那只對自己的速度有幫助--
11:26
but in also in her throat,
arm, eye, brain.
arm, eye, brain.
167
674046
3490
而是同時在喉嚨、手臂、眼睛和大腦。
11:29
That makes a difference in whose legs?
168
677560
2346
這對誰的雙腳有所幫助?
11:32
In the legs of the next runner.
169
680314
2112
下一棒的雙腳。
11:34
But when the next runner runs super-fast,
170
682728
2834
但當下一棒得以用超快速度前進時，
11:37
is it because she made a super effort,
171
685586
2128
是因為她自己花了超多力氣，
11:39
or because of the way
the third runner passed the baton?
the third runner passed the baton?
172
687738
3237
還是因為第三棒有效地傳遞接力棒?
11:43
There is no metric on earth
that will give us the answer.
that will give us the answer.
173
691403
3855
世上沒有任何衡量方式
可以告訴我們答案。
可以告訴我們答案。
11:48
And if we reward people on the basis
of their measurable performance,
of their measurable performance,
174
696310
4511
而如果我們以量化的績效指標
為基準給予人們獎勵，
為基準給予人們獎勵，
11:52
they will put their energy,
their attention, their blood
their attention, their blood
175
700845
3054
她們就會將她們的精力、注意力、血液
11:55
in what can get measured -- in their legs.
176
703923
2023
放在能被衡量的地方--她們的雙腳。
11:58
And the baton will fall and slow down.
177
706581
2246
然後接力棒會掉落，速度會慢下來。
12:01
To cooperate is not a super effort,
178
709534
2572
合作並不是一個超大量的付出，
12:04
it is how you allocate your effort.
179
712130
2023
而是如何分配自己的付出。
12:07
It is to take a risk,
180
715280
1840
它是一種風險的承擔，
12:09
because you sacrifice
the ultimate protection
the ultimate protection
181
717144
4230
犧牲客觀的個人量化績效指標
12:13
granted by objectively measurable
individual performance.
individual performance.
182
721398
5427
所給予你的終極保護，
這是為了讓別人的表現
能有很大的不同，
能有很大的不同，
12:20
It is to make a super difference
in the performance of others,
in the performance of others,
183
728516
3877
12:24
with whom we are compared.
184
732417
1690
那些被拿來和我們比較的人。
12:26
It takes being stupid to cooperate, then.
185
734757
2334
如此說來，合作是件很笨的事，
12:29
And people are not stupid;
they don't cooperate.
they don't cooperate.
186
737551
2730
不笨的人就不會想合作。
12:32
You know, clarity, accountability,
measurement were OK
measurement were OK
187
740738
5140
你知道，條理分明、專人專責、衡量指標
在世界比較簡單時尚可運作，
12:37
when the world was simpler.
188
745902
2416
12:40
But business has become much more complex.
189
748929
3024
但今天的商業情勢遠比過去複雜。
12:43
With my teams, we have measured
190
751977
2031
我和我的團隊針對
12:46
the evolution of complexity in business.
191
754032
3024
商業複雜度的演化進行了評估。
12:49
It is much more demanding today
to attract and retain customers,
to attract and retain customers,
192
757080
5603
今天許多事情遠比以往更吃力，
包含吸引並留住客戶、
包含吸引並留住客戶、
12:54
to build advantage on a global scale,
193
762707
3311
建立全球化的優勢、
12:58
to create value.
194
766042
1459
還有創造價值。
13:00
And the more business gets complex,
195
768691
2757
而商業情勢越複雜，
13:03
the more, in the name of clarity,
accountability, measurement
accountability, measurement
196
771472
5301
我們就越以條理分明、
專人專責、衡量指標為名，
專人專責、衡量指標為名，
13:08
we multiply structures,
processes, systems.
processes, systems.
197
776797
3664
將架構、流程、系統一直往上疊加。
13:13
You know, this drive for clarity
and accountability triggers
and accountability triggers
198
781083
4809
你知道的，條理分明、
專人專責的推動，
專人專責的推動，
13:17
a counterproductive multiplication
of interfaces, middle offices,
of interfaces, middle offices,
199
785916
5355
很容易造成生產力降低的疊加效應，
因為它會產生許多介面、中間部門
因為它會產生許多介面、中間部門
13:23
coordinators that do not only
mobilize people and resources,
mobilize people and resources,
200
791295
5037
和協調角色，他們不全然
讓人們和資源更加活化，
讓人們和資源更加活化，
13:28
but that also add obstacles.
201
796356
2309
往往還會增加阻礙。
13:31
And the more complicated the organization,
202
799276
4570
而組織架構越複雜，
13:35
the more difficult it is to understand
what is really happening.
what is really happening.
203
803870
3653
就越難瞭解真正發生了什麼事情。
13:39
So we need summaries, proxies, reports,
204
807547
5420
所以我們需要許多
摘要簡報、代理人、報告、
摘要簡報、代理人、報告、
13:44
key performance indicators, metrics.
205
812991
3300
關鍵績效指標(KPI)和各種衡量方式。
13:48
So people put their energy
in what can get measured,
in what can get measured,
206
816315
4712
所以人們會將精力
放在能被衡量的部分，
放在能被衡量的部分，
13:53
at the expense of cooperation.
207
821051
2095
犧牲彼此的合作。
13:55
And as performance deteriorates,
208
823170
2532
而當組織績效惡化時，
13:57
we add even more structure,
process, systems.
process, systems.
209
825726
3129
我們甚至增加更多的
架構、流程、系統。
架構、流程、系統。
14:00
People spend their time in meetings,
210
828879
2832
人們花更多時間在開會、
14:03
writing reports they have
to do, undo and redo.
to do, undo and redo.
211
831735
4126
寫報告說明他們要做什麼、
不做什麼、需重做什麼。
不做什麼、需重做什麼。
14:08
Based on our analysis,
teams in these organizations
teams in these organizations
212
836289
3422
根據我們的分析，這些組織裡的團隊
14:11
spend between 40 and 80 percent
of their time wasting their time,
of their time wasting their time,
213
839735
6171
大約浪費掉40%到80%的時間，
14:17
but working harder and harder,
longer and longer,
longer and longer,
214
845930
3993
得到的卻是越來越辛苦的工作、
越來越長的工時、
越來越長的工時、
14:21
on less and less value-adding activities.
215
849947
2943
越來越少真正有價值的活動。
14:26
This is what is killing productivity,
216
854242
2310
就是這些東西殺了生產力、
14:28
what makes people suffer at work.
217
856576
2198
讓人們在工作中感到痛苦。
14:31
Our organizations are wasting
human intelligence.
human intelligence.
218
859226
4537
我們的組織正在浪費人類的智慧，
14:35
They have turned against human efforts.
219
863787
3648
和人類的努力付出背道而馳。
14:40
When people don't cooperate,
220
868673
2890
當大家不合作時，
14:43
don't blame their mindsets,
their mentalities, their personality --
their mentalities, their personality --
221
871587
4395
不要怪他們觀念、心態、個性不佳--
14:48
look at the work situations.
222
876006
2151
先看看工作環境吧。
14:51
Is it really in their personal interest
to cooperate or not,
to cooperate or not,
223
879125
4249
它是否讓人們有合作的興趣?
14:55
if, when they cooperate,
they are individually worse off?
they are individually worse off?
224
883398
3985
如果他們合作會讓個人表現變差，
14:59
Why would they cooperate?
225
887914
1619
那他們為什麼要合作?
15:01
When we blame personalities
226
889922
3592
當我們怪罪人們的個性，
15:05
instead of the clarity,
the accountability, the measurement,
the accountability, the measurement,
227
893538
6158
而非條理分明、專人專責、
衡量指標這三大元兇時，
衡量指標這三大元兇時，
15:11
we add injustice to ineffectiveness.
228
899720
3658
就沒有真正公平地
看待效率低落這件事。
看待效率低落這件事。
15:17
We need to create organizations
229
905654
1913
我們需要創造一種組織，
15:19
in which it becomes individually useful
for people to cooperate.
for people to cooperate.
230
907591
4314
讓互相合作變成對個人有益。
15:24
Remove the interfaces,
the middle offices --
the middle offices --
231
912807
4795
去掉那些介面、中間部門--
15:29
all these complicated
coordination structures.
coordination structures.
232
917626
3058
這些複雜的協調用架構。
15:33
Don't look for clarity; go for fuzziness.
233
921573
4380
不要尋求條理分明；接受模糊地帶。
15:37
Fuzziness overlaps.
234
925977
2015
模糊地帶會有所重疊。
15:41
Remove most of the quantitative metrics
to assess performance.
to assess performance.
235
929244
4480
去除衡量績效的大部分量化指標。
15:46
Speed the "what."
236
934200
1532
快速通過問「你做了什麼」的階段。
15:48
Look at cooperation, the "how."
237
936414
2817
把眼光放在合作，「怎麼做」的觀點。
15:51
How did you pass the baton?
238
939255
1601
你怎麼傳遞接力棒?
15:52
Did you throw it,
or did you pass it effectively?
or did you pass it effectively?
239
940880
3562
你是把它丟出去，還是有效地傳遞它?
15:58
Am I putting my energy
in what can get measured --
in what can get measured --
240
946569
6058
我是將精力放在可以被衡量的部分--
16:04
my legs, my speed --
or in passing the baton?
or in passing the baton?
241
952651
4135
我的雙腳、我的速度--
還是放在接力棒的傳遞?
還是放在接力棒的傳遞?
16:08
You, as leaders, as managers,
242
956810
4343
在座各位，身為領導人、身為管理人，
16:13
are you making it individually useful
for people to cooperate?
for people to cooperate?
243
961177
5552
你們是否讓人們覺得合作
對他們個人有所幫助?
對他們個人有所幫助?
16:20
The future of our organizations,
244
968205
3138
我們的組織、
16:23
our companies, our societies
245
971367
3793
公司、社會的未來，
16:27
hinges on your answer to these questions.
246
975184
5093
和你們針對這些問題的回答密不可分。
16:33
Thank you.
247
981035
1181
謝謝各位。
16:34
(Applause)
248
982240
3485
(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Yves Morieux - ConsultantBCG's Yves Morieux researches how corporations can adapt to a modern and complex business landscape.
Why you should listen
Yves Morieux thinks deeply about what makes organizations work effectively. A senior partner in BCG’s Washington D.C. office and director of the BCG Institute for Organization, Morieux considers how overarching changes in structure can improve motivation for all who work there. His calls his approach "Smart Simplicity." Using six key rules, it encourages employees to cooperate in order to solve long-term problems. It isn’t just about reducing costs and increasing profit -- it’s about maximizing engagement through all levels of a company. Morieux has been featured in articles on organizational evolution in Harvard Business Review, The Economist, The Wall Street Journal, Fast Company and Le Monde.
Yves Morieux | Speaker | TED.com