TEDMED 2009
Aimee Mullins: The opportunity of adversity
Aimee Mullins: Nedaća kao prilika
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Rječnik sinonima može izjednačavati "onesposobljen" sa sinonimima poput "beskoristan" i "obogaljen", ali inovativna trkačica Aimee Mullins namjerava redefinirati tu riječ. Prkoseći ovakvom pristupu, ona pokazuje kako nedaća - u njenom slučaju, rodivši se bez cjevanica - zapravo otvara vrata ljudskom potencijalu.
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actor
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics. Full bio
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
I'd like to share with you a discovery that I made a few months ago
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Voljela bih podijeliti sa vama nešto što sam otkrila prije par mjeseci,
00:22
while writing an article for Italian Wired.
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pišući članak za italijansko izdanje magazina Wired.
00:25
I always keep my thesaurus handy whenever I'm writing anything,
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Uvijek imam svoj rječnik sinonima pri ruci kad nešto pišem,
00:28
but I'd already finished editing the piece,
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ali sam već završila uređivanje teksta
00:31
and I realized that I had never once in my life
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i shvatila da nikad u životu nisam
00:34
looked up the word "disabled" to see what I'd find.
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potražila riječ "onesposobljen"
00:38
Let me read you the entry.
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Dopustite da vam pročitam unos.
00:41
"Disabled, adjective: crippled, helpless, useless, wrecked,
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"Onesposobljen," pridjev: "osakaćen, bespomoćan, beskoristan, ruiniran,
00:49
stalled, maimed, wounded, mangled, lame, mutilated,
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ugašen, oštećen, ranjen, manjkav, defektan, obogaljen,
00:56
run-down, worn-out, weakened, impotent, castrated, paralyzed, handicapped,
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uveo, potrošen, onemoćao, impotentan, kastriran, paraliziran, hendikepiran,
01:06
senile, decrepit, laid-up, done-up, done-for, done-in
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senilan, oronuo, oboljeo, iznuren, iscrpljen, izmoren,
01:12
cracked-up, counted-out;
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polomljen, otpisan;
01:16
see also hurt, useless and weak.
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također vidi: povrijeđen, nekoristan i slab.
01:20
Antonyms, healthy, strong, capable."
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Antonimi: zdrav, jak, sposoban."
01:26
I was reading this list out loud to a friend and at first was laughing,
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Ovu listu sam pročitala prijatelju na glas i prvo sam se smijala,
01:30
it was so ludicrous,
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bilo je tako komično,
01:32
but I'd just gotten past "mangled," and my voice broke,
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ali sam naprosto odjedanput bila shrvana i ostala bez glasa,
01:37
and I had to stop and collect myself
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i morala sam stati da se saberem
01:40
from the emotional shock and impact that the assault from these words unleashed.
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od emocionalnog šoka i udara izazvanog napasnošću ovih riječi.
01:50
You know, of course, this is my raggedy old thesaurus
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Znate, to je naravno moj stari ofucani rječnik sinonima.
01:53
so I'm thinking this must be an ancient print date, right?
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Mislim da to mora biti neko prastaro izdanje, zar ne.
01:56
But, in fact, the print date was the early 1980s,
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Ali, u stvari, izdanje datira iz ranih osamdesetih,
02:01
when I would have been starting primary school
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kad sam polazila u osnovnu školu
02:03
and forming an understanding of myself outside the family unit
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i oblikovala shvatanje sebe same izvan porodičnog kruga
02:07
and as related to the other kids and the world around me.
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te u odnosu prema drugoj djeci i svijetu koji me okružuje.
02:10
And, needless to say, thank God I wasn't using a thesaurus back then.
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I naravno, hvala Bogu da tada nisam koristila rječnik sinonima.
02:15
I mean, from this entry, it would seem that I was born into a world
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Mislim da bi, iz ovog unosa, izgledalo da sam rođena u svijetu
02:21
that perceived someone like me
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koji nekoga poput mene percepira
02:23
to have nothing positive whatsoever going for them,
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bez ikakve pozitivne osobine,
02:28
when in fact, today I'm celebrated for the opportunities and adventures
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a ja sam danas, u stvari, slavna zbog mogućnosti i uzbudljivih iskustava koje
02:34
my life has procured.
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je moj život kreirao.
02:36
So, I immediately went to look up the 2009 online edition,
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Pa sam tako odmah potražila online izdanje iz 2009.
02:42
expecting to find a revision worth noting.
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očekujući da ću naći neku reviziju vrijednu pažnje.
02:46
Here's the updated version of this entry.
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Evo ažurirane verzije ovog unosa.
02:49
Unfortunately, it's not much better.
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Nažalost, nije puno bolja.
02:52
I find the last two words under "Near Antonyms," particularly unsettling:
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Nalazim da su dvije zadnje riječi "Bliski Antonimi" posebno konfuzne,
02:58
"whole" and "wholesome."
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"cjelovit" i "zdrav."
03:02
So, it's not just about the words.
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Tako da se tu ne radi samo o riječima.
03:05
It's what we believe about people when we name them with these words.
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To je ono što vjerujemo kad su u pitanju ljudi koje imenujemo ovim riječima.
03:09
It's about the values behind the words, and how we construct those values.
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Tu se radi o vrijednostima koje stoje iza riječi i na koji način mi postavljamo ove vrijednosti.
03:14
Our language affects our thinking and how we view the world
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Naš jezik utiče na naše mišljenje i naš svjetonazor
03:18
and how we view other people.
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i našu percepciju drugih ljudi.
03:21
In fact, many ancient societies, including the Greeks and the Romans,
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U stvari, mnoga antička društva, uključujući Grke i Rimljane,
03:24
believed that to utter a curse verbally was so powerful,
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su vjerovala u moć verbalnog izricanja kletve,
03:29
because to say the thing out loud brought it into existence.
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zato što glasno izgovaranje nečega tu stvar čini postojećom.
03:35
So, what reality do we want to call into existence:
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Pa, koju stvarnost mi želimo kreirati,
03:40
a person who is limited, or a person who's empowered?
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osobu sa ograničenjima ili osnaženu osobu?
03:46
By casually doing something as simple as naming a person, a child,
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Ležerno čineći nešto tako jednostavno poput imenovanja osobe, djeteta,
03:52
we might be putting lids and casting shadows on their power.
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mogli bi smo ugasiti ili prigušiti njihovu moć.
03:59
Wouldn't we want to open doors for them instead?
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Zar ne bismo umjesto toga željeli da im otvorimo vrata?
04:03
One such person who opened doors for me was my childhood doctor
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Jedna takva osoba, koja je meni otvorila vrata, je bio moj doktor kad sam bila dijete
04:06
at the A.I. duPont Institute in Wilmington, Delaware.
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na A.I. Dupont Institutu u Wilmingtonu, Delaware.
04:11
His name was Dr. Pizzutillo,
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Zove se Dr. Pizzutillo.
04:14
an Italian American, whose name, apparently,
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Amerikanac italijanskog porijekla, čije je ime očito
04:16
was too difficult for most Americans to pronounce,
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većini Amerikanaca preteško za izgovoriti,
04:18
so he went by Dr. P.
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tako da ga znaju kao Dr. P.
04:20
And Dr. P always wore really colorful bow ties
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A Dr. P. je uvijek nosio mašne sa veselim bojama
04:24
and had the very perfect disposition to work with children.
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i imao savršene predispozicije za rad sa djecom.
04:30
I loved almost everything about my time spent at this hospital,
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Voljela sam gotovo u cijelosti vrijeme provedeno u ovoj bolnici,
04:35
with the exception of my physical therapy sessions.
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sa izuzetkom mojih fizikalnih terapija.
04:39
I had to do what seemed like innumerable repetitions of exercises
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Morala sam raditi nešto što je ličilo na bezbrojna ponavljanja vježbi
04:43
with these thick, elastic bands -- different colors,
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sa ovim glomaznim, elastičnim trakama -- različitih boja --
04:47
you know -- to help build up my leg muscles,
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da se pomogne izgradnja mojih nožnih mišića.
04:51
and I hated these bands more than anything --
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A ja sam mrzila te trake više od bilo čega drugog.
04:53
I hated them, had names for them. I hated them.
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Mrzila sam ih, pogrdno ih zvala. Mrzila sam ih.
04:56
And, you know, I was already bargaining, as a five year-old child,
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I, znate, već sam pregovarala, kao petogodišnja djevojčica,
05:00
with Dr. P to try to get out of doing these exercises,
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sa dr. P. da se izvučem iz ovog vježbanja,
05:03
unsuccessfully, of course.
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bez uspjeha, naravno.
05:05
And, one day, he came in to my session --
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I, jednog dana, on je došao na moje vježbe --
05:10
exhaustive and unforgiving, these sessions --
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iscrpljujuće i nemilosrdne, te vježbe --
05:14
and he said to me, "Wow. Aimee, you are such a strong and powerful little girl,
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i rekao mi je, "Opa. Aimee, ti si tako jaka i snažna mala djevojčica,
05:20
I think you're going to break one of those bands.
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mislim da ćeš pokidati ove trake.
05:23
When you do break it, I'm going to give you a hundred bucks."
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Ako ih pokidaš, ja ću ti dati sto dolara."
05:26
Now, of course, this was a simple ploy on Dr. P's part
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To je naravno bio mali trik dr. P-a
05:30
to get me to do the exercises I didn't want to do
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da me nagovori da radim vježbe koje nisam htjela raditi
05:33
before the prospect of being the richest five-year-old in the second floor ward,
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zbog mogućnosti da ću biti najbogatija petogodišnjakinja na drugom spratu bolnice,
05:38
but what he effectively did for me was reshape an awful daily occurrence
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ali ono što je on ustvari učinio za mene je preoblikovanje jednog groznog svakodnevnog događaja
05:46
into a new and promising experience for me.
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u novo i obećavajuće iskustvo za mene.
05:50
And I have to wonder today to what extent his vision
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I danas se moram zapitati, do koje mjere su njegova vizija
05:54
and his declaration of me as a strong and powerful little girl
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i njegovo deklarisanje mene kao snažne i moćne male djevojčice,
06:00
shaped my own view of myself
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oblikovali moju osobnu predstavu o samoj sebi
06:02
as an inherently strong, powerful and athletic person well into the future.
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kao prirodno snažnoj, moćnoj i atletskoj osobi u poodmakloj budućnosti.
06:08
This is an example of how adults in positions of power
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Ovo je primjer kako odrasli na pozicijama moći
06:11
can ignite the power of a child.
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mogu potaknuti moć djeteta.
06:15
But, in the previous instances of those thesaurus entries,
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Ali u prethodnim primjerima iz ovog rječnika sinonima,
06:19
our language isn't allowing us to evolve into the reality that we would all want,
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naš jezik nam ne dopušta da ostvarimo sebe onako kako bi smo svi željeli,
06:26
the possibility of an individual to see themselves as capable.
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mogućnost da pojedinac sebe vidi kao sposobnog.
06:32
Our language hasn't caught up with the changes in our society,
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Naš jezik nije išao u korak sa promjenama u našem društvu,
06:37
many of which have been brought about by technology.
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od kojih su mnoge vezane za tehnologiju.
06:40
Certainly, from a medical standpoint,
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Uistinu, sa medicinske tačke gledišta,
06:42
my legs, laser surgery for vision impairment,
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moje noge, laserska korekcija vida,
06:48
titanium knees and hip replacements for aging bodies
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koljeno od titanijuma i umjetni kuk za tijela izložena procesu starenja
06:51
that are allowing people to more fully engage with their abilities,
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koji dopuštaju ljudima da potpuno koriste svoje sposobnosti,
06:54
and move beyond the limits that nature has imposed on them --
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i nadilaze ograničenja koja im je priroda nametnula,
07:00
not to mention social networking platforms
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a da ne pominjemo platforme društvenog umrežavanja,
07:03
allow people to self-identify, to claim their own descriptions of themselves,
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koje dopuštaju ljudima da se samostalno identificiraju, definirajući lično svoj opis,
07:08
so they can go align with global groups of their own choosing.
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tako da mogu postati dio globalnih grupa po vlastitom izboru.
07:13
So, perhaps technology is revealing more clearly to us now
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Tako nam tehnologija danas možda jasnije otkriva
07:17
what has always been a truth:
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ono što je oduvijek bila istina,
07:20
that everyone has something rare and powerful to offer our society,
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da svako ima nešto osobito i snažno da ponudi našem društvu,
07:28
and that the human ability to adapt is our greatest asset.
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i da je ljudska sposobnost prilagođavanja naše najveće dobro.
07:33
The human ability to adapt, it's an interesting thing,
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Ljudska sposobnost prilagođavanja, to je jedna interesantna stvar,
07:36
because people have continually wanted to talk to me about overcoming adversity,
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zato što ljudi neprestano žele da sa mnom razgovaraju o prevazilaženju nedaće,
07:42
and I'm going to make an admission:
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i ja ću nešto priznati.
07:45
This phrase never sat right with me,
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Ova fraza mi nikad nije bila razumljiva,
07:47
and I always felt uneasy trying to answer people's questions about it,
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i uvijek sam osjećala nelagodu pokušavajući odgovoriti ljudima na njihova pitanja u vezi s tim,
07:51
and I think I'm starting to figure out why.
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i mislim da počinjem shvatati zašto je to tako.
07:55
Implicit in this phrase of "overcoming adversity"
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Implicitna u ovoj frazi o prevazilaženju nedaće
07:59
is the idea that success, or happiness,
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je ideja da se uspjeh ili sreća
08:03
is about emerging on the other side of a challenging experience
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događaju s onu stranu izazovnog iskustva
08:06
unscathed or unmarked by the experience,
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neozlijeđeni ili neobilježeni iskustvom,
08:11
as if my successes in life have come about from an ability
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kao da su se moji uspjesi u životu dogodili zahvaljujući sposobnosti
08:15
to sidestep or circumnavigate the presumed pitfalls of a life with prosthetics,
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da izbjegnem ili zaobiđem pretpostavljene zamke života sa protezama
08:20
or what other people perceive as my disability.
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ili onoga što drugi ljudi percepiraju kao moju nesposobnost.
08:23
But, in fact, we are changed. We are marked, of course, by a challenge,
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Ali, u stvari, mi smo se promijenili. Naravno, mi smo obilježeni izazovom,
08:29
whether physically, emotionally or both.
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bilo fizički, emocionalno ili i jedno i drugo.
08:32
And I'm going to suggest that this is a good thing.
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I predložiću da je to dobra stvar.
08:35
Adversity isn't an obstacle that we need to get around
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Nedaća nije prepreka koju trebamo zaobići
08:39
in order to resume living our life.
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u cilju da obnovimo življnje naših života.
08:42
It's part of our life.
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To je dio našeg života.
08:45
And I tend to think of it like my shadow.
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I nastojim misliti o tome kao o svojoj sijenci.
08:48
Sometimes I see a lot of it, sometimes there's very little,
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Ponekad je vidim kao ogromnu, a ponekad je skoro neprimjetna,
08:51
but it's always with me.
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ali je uvijek sa mnom.
08:53
And, certainly, I'm not trying to diminish the impact, the weight, of a person's struggle.
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I, svakako, ja ne pokušavam umanjiti uticaj, težinu nečije borbe.
09:00
There is adversity and challenge in life,
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U životu postoji nedaća i izazov,
09:03
and it's all very real and relative to every single person,
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i to je sve veoma realno i odnosi se na svakoga,
09:06
but the question isn't whether or not you're going to meet adversity,
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ali pitanje nije da li ćete se suočiti sa nedaćom ili ne,
09:10
but how you're going to meet it.
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nego kako ćete se suočiti.
09:13
So, our responsibility is not simply shielding those we care for from adversity,
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Tako naša odgovornost nije da naprosto štitimo one do kojih nam je stalo od nedaće,
09:20
but preparing them to meet it well.
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nego da ih dobro pripremimo za taj izazov.
09:23
And we do a disservice to our kids
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Mi činimo medvjeđu uslugu našoj djeci
09:27
when we make them feel that they're not equipped to adapt.
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ako im stvaramo osjećaj da oni nisu opremljeni za prilagođavanje.
09:34
There's an important difference and distinction
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Postoji jedna važna razlika i distinkcija
09:37
between the objective medical fact of my being an amputee
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između objektivne medicinske činjenice da sam ja amputirac
09:42
and the subjective societal opinion of whether or not I'm disabled.
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i subjektivnog društvenog mišljenja da li sam ja nesposobna ili ne.
09:48
And, truthfully, the only real and consistent disability I've had to confront
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I, zbilja, jedina realna i konzistentna nesposobnost sa kojom sam se morala suočiti
09:53
is the world ever thinking that I could be described by those definitions.
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je taj svijet koji misli da me može svesti na te definicije.
09:59
In our desire to protect those we care about
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U našoj želji da zaštitimo one do kojih nam je stalo
10:02
by giving them the cold, hard truth about their medical prognosis,
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dajući im hladne, surove istine o njihovim medicinskim prognozama,
10:06
or, indeed, a prognosis on the expected quality of their life,
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ili, uistinu, prognozu o očekivanom kvalitetu njihovog života,
10:10
we have to make sure that we don't put the first brick in a wall
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moramo paziti da ne uzidamo prvu ciglu u zid
10:14
that will actually disable someone.
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koji će zapravo onesposobiti nekoga.
10:19
Perhaps the existing model of only looking at what is broken in you
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Možda postojeći model koji samo gleda šta je neispravno u vama
10:24
and how do we fix it, serves to be more disabling to the individual
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i kako to popraviti, ide više na ruku onesposobljavanja neke individue
10:28
than the pathology itself.
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nego samo to oboljenje.
10:31
By not treating the wholeness of a person,
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Ne tretirajući cjelovitost jedne osobe,
10:36
by not acknowledging their potency,
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ne priznavajući njenu potencijalnu snagu,
10:38
we are creating another ill on top of whatever natural struggle they might have.
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mi stvaramo još jednu bolest na površini prirodne borbe koju ona proživljava.
10:45
We are effectively grading someone's worth to our community.
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Mi efektvno rangiramo nečiju vrijednost za našu zajednicu.
10:51
So we need to see through the pathology
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Tako mi trebamo istražiti patologiju
10:54
and into the range of human capability.
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i uvidjeti opseg ljudske sposobnosti.
11:00
And, most importantly, there's a partnership
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I što je najvažnije, postoji partnerstvo
11:04
between those perceived deficiencies
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između onoga što poimamo kao nedostatak
11:06
and our greatest creative ability.
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i naše najveće kreativne sposobnosti.
11:09
So it's not about devaluing, or negating, these more trying times
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Ne radi se ovdje o devalviranju ili negiranju ovih nastojanja
11:14
as something we want to avoid or sweep under the rug,
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kao nečega što hoćemo da izbjegnemo ili pometemo pod tepih,
11:18
but instead to find those opportunities wrapped in the adversity.
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nego da umjesto toga prepoznamo mogućnsti upakovane u nedaću.
11:24
So maybe the idea I want to put out there is
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Tako da možda ideja koju želim da izložim je
11:26
not so much overcoming adversity
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ne u tolikoj mjeri savladavanje nedaće,
11:31
as it is opening ourselves up to it,
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koliko je to naše otvaranje prema njoj,
11:35
embracing it,
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njeno prigrljivanje,
11:38
grappling with it,
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gombanje sa njom,
11:40
to use a wrestling term,
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da upotrijebim hrvački termin,
11:42
maybe even dancing with it.
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možda čak i plesanje sa njom.
11:46
And, perhaps, if we see adversity as natural, consistent and useful,
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I ako možda nedaću posmatramo kao prirodnu, konzistentnu i korisnu,
11:54
we're less burdened by the presence of it.
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manje smo opterećeni njenim prisustvom.
11:57
This year we celebrate the 200th birthday of Charles Darwin,
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Ove godine slavimo dvjestoti rođendan Čarlsa Darvina,
12:00
and it was 150 years ago, when writing about evolution,
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a prije 150 godina, kad je pisao o evoluciji,
12:04
that Darwin illustrated, I think, a truth about the human character.
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mislim da je Darvin ilustrirao jednu istinu o ljudskom karakteru.
12:09
To paraphrase: It's not the strongest of the species that survives,
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Da parafraziram, ne preživljavaju najjače vrste,
12:13
nor is it the most intelligent that survives;
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niti preživljavaju najinteligentniji,
12:16
it is the one that is most adaptable to change.
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nego oni koji se najbolje adaptiraju na promjenu.
12:21
Conflict is the genesis of creation.
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Konflikt je geneza stvaranja.
12:26
From Darwin's work, amongst others, we can recognize that
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Iz Darvinovog rada, između ostalog, možemo prepoznati da se
12:29
the human ability to survive and flourish
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ljudska sposobnost da preživi i napreduje
12:34
is driven by the struggle of the human spirit through conflict
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pokreće borbom ljudskog duha kroz konflikt
12:39
into transformation.
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u transformaciju.
12:41
So, again, transformation, adaptation, is our greatest human skill.
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Tako, ponovo, transformacija, adaptacija, je naša najveća ljudska vještina.
12:48
And, perhaps, until we're tested, we don't know what we're made of.
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I, možda, dok se ne testiramo, ne znamo od čega smo napravljeni.
12:54
Maybe that's what adversity gives us:
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Možda je to ono što nam nedaća pruža,
12:56
a sense of self, a sense of our own power.
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osjećaj sebe, osjećaj naše sopstvene snage.
13:00
So, we can give ourselves a gift.
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Mi tako možemo sami sebi nešto pokloniti.
13:03
We can re-imagine adversity as something more than just tough times.
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Nedaću možemo nanovo promišljati kao nešto izvan i iznad pukog mučenja.
13:10
Maybe we can see it as change.
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Možda je možemo posmatrati kao promjenu.
13:13
Adversity is just change that we haven't adapted ourselves to yet.
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Nedaća je upravo promjena na koju se još nismo prilagodili.
13:19
I think the greatest adversity that we've created for ourselves
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Mislim da je najveća nedaća koju smo sami sebi kreirali
13:22
is this idea of normalcy.
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ta ideja normalnosti.
13:24
Now, who's normal?
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Pa, ko je sad normalan?
13:27
There's no normal.
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Ne postoji normalno.
13:29
There's common, there's typical. There's no normal,
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Postoji zajedničko. Postoji tipično. Ne postoji normalno.
13:32
and would you want to meet that poor, beige person if they existed?
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I da li biste željeli upoznati tu jadnu, monotonu osobu ako bi takva postojala?
13:35
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
13:37
I don't think so.
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Ne mislim da bi.
13:39
If we can change this paradigm from one of achieving normalcy
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Ako možemo promijeniti ovu paradigmu postizanja normalnosti
13:44
to one of possibility -- or potency, to be even a little bit more dangerous --
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u onu koja se tiče mogućnosti ili potencijala, uz čak malo više rizika,
13:49
we can release the power of so many more children,
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možemo osloboditi snagu većeg broja djece,
13:52
and invite them to engage their rare and valuable abilities with the community.
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i pozvati ih da kroz svoje nesvakidašnje i vrijedne sposobnosti doprinesu zajednici.
14:00
Anthropologists tell us that the one thing
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Antropolozi nam govore da nešto što
14:03
we as humans have always required of our community members
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mi kao ljudska bića uvijek tražimo od članova zajednice
14:06
is to be of use, to be able to contribute.
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je da budu od koristi, da budu sposobni da doprinose.
14:10
There's evidence that Neanderthals, 60,000 years ago,
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Postoji dokaz da su neandertalci prije 60.000 godina,
14:14
carried their elderly and those with serious physical injury,
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nosili svoje starije članove i one sa ozbiljnim fizičkim ozljedama,
14:20
and perhaps it's because the life experience of survival of these people
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i možda zato što se životno iskustvo opstanka ovih ljudi
14:26
proved of value to the community.
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pokazalo vrijednim za zajednicu:
14:28
They didn't view these people as broken and useless;
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oni nisu ove ljude posmatrali kao polomljene i beskorisne:
14:33
they were seen as rare and valuable.
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oni su smatrani posebnim i vrijednim.
14:36
A few years ago, I was in a food market in the town where I grew up
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Prije nekoloko godina, bila sam na pijaci u gradu u kojem sam odrasla
14:39
in that red zone in northeastern Pennsylvania,
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u toj crvenoj zoni Sjeveroistočne Pensilvanije,
14:43
and I was standing over a bushel of tomatoes.
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i stajala nad hrpom paradaiza.
14:45
It was summertime: I had shorts on.
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Bilo je ljeto. Nosila sam šorc.
14:47
I hear this guy, his voice behind me say, "Well, if it isn't Aimee Mullins."
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Čujem sam glas čovjeka iza mene koji govori, "Pa dobro, ako to nije Aimee Mullins."
14:52
And I turn around, and it's this older man. I have no idea who he is.
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I ja se okrećem, vidim starijeg čovjeka. Nemam pojma ko je on.
14:56
And I said, "I'm sorry, sir, have we met? I don't remember meeting you."
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Rekla sam, "Izvinite gospodine, da li se mi poznajemo? Ne sjećam se da sam vas upoznala."
15:02
He said, "Well, you wouldn't remember meeting me.
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On reče, "Pa dobro, i ne možeš se sjećati da si me upoznala.
15:04
I mean, when we met I was delivering you from your mother's womb."
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Mislim, kad smo se upoznavali ja sam te izvlačio iz maternice tvoje majke."
15:07
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
15:09
Oh, that guy.
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O, taj čovjek.
15:12
And, but of course, actually, it did click.
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I, ali naravno, zapravo, ukapirala sam.
15:14
This man was Dr. Kean,
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Taj čovjek je bio dr. Kean,
15:17
a man that I had only known about through my mother's stories of that day,
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čovjek kojeg sam sam znala samo kroz priče moje majke o tom danu,
15:21
because, of course, typical fashion, I arrived late for my birthday by two weeks.
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zato što sam naravno, u svom tipičnom stilu, stigla sa dvije sedmice zakašnjenja na svoj rođendan.
15:27
And so my mother's prenatal physician had gone on vacation,
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I tako je, majčin ginekolog otišao na odmor,
15:31
so the man who delivered me was a complete stranger to my parents.
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pa je čovjek koji je izvršio porođaj bio potpuno nepoznat mojim roditeljima.
15:36
And, because I was born without the fibula bones,
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I zato što sam rođena bez lisne kosti,
15:39
and had feet turned in, and a few toes in this foot and a few toes in that,
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i imala uvrnuta stopala, i par nožnih prsta u ovom stopalu i par u ovom drugom,
15:42
he had to be the bearer -- this stranger had to be the bearer of bad news.
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on je morao da bude taj, ovaj stranac je morao da bude taj koji je donio loše vijesti.
15:47
He said to me, "I had to give this prognosis to your parents
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Rekao mi je, "Morao sam dati ovu prognozu tvojim roditeljima
15:51
that you would never walk,
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da ti nikad nećeš prohodati,
15:53
and you would never have the kind of mobility that other kids have
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i da nikad nećeš imati vrstu mobilnosti koju imaju druga djeca
15:57
or any kind of life of independence,
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ili neku neovisnost u životu,
15:59
and you've been making liar out of me ever since."
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i ti si me sve od tada pravila lažovom."
16:01
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
16:03
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
16:09
The extraordinary thing is that he said he had saved
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Čudesna stvar je to što je rekao da je sakupljao
16:13
newspaper clippings throughout my whole childhood,
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novinske isječke tokom cijelog mog djetinjstva,
16:16
whether winning a second grade spelling bee,
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bilo da se radilo o odlikovanju za pravopis drugom razredu osnovne,
16:18
marching with the Girl Scouts, you know, the Halloween parade,
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maršu sa djevojkama skautima, kao što znate, Halloween parada,
16:21
winning my college scholarship, or any of my sports victories,
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kad sam dobila stipendiju za koledž, ili bilo koja moja sportska pobjeda,
16:26
and he was using it, and integrating it into teaching resident students,
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i on je to koristio i integrirao u predavanja za redovne studente,
16:32
med students from Hahnemann Medical School and Hershey Medical School.
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studente medicine sa Hahnemann i Hershey medicinskih škola.
16:37
And he called this part of the course the X Factor,
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I nazvao je ovaj dio predavanja X Factor,
16:40
the potential of the human will.
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potencijal ljudske volje.
16:43
No prognosis can account for how powerful this could be
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Nijedna prognoza ne može objasniti koliko ovo može biti snažno
16:47
as a determinant in the quality of someone's life.
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kao odrednica u kvalitetu nečijeg života.
16:51
And Dr. Kean went on to tell me,
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I dr. Kean je nastavio da mi govori,
16:54
he said, "In my experience, unless repeatedly told otherwise,
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rekao je, "Po mom iskustvu, ukoliko nije drugačije rečeno više puta,
17:02
and even if given a modicum of support,
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i čak ako je mu dato nešto malo podrške,
17:06
if left to their own devices, a child will achieve."
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ako je prepušteno vlastitim mehanizmima, dijete će uspjeti."
17:12
See, Dr. Kean made that shift in thinking.
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Vidite, dr. Kean je napravio taj pomak u mišljenju.
17:16
He understood that there's a difference between the medical condition
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On je shvatio da postoji razlika između medicinskog stanja
17:19
and what someone might do with it.
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i onoga šta neko može učiniti sa tim.
17:22
And there's been a shift in my thinking over time,
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I bio je pomak u mom mišljenju tokom vremena,
17:25
in that, if you had asked me at 15 years old,
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u tome, da ste me pitali kad sam imala 15 godina,
17:29
if I would have traded prosthetics for flesh-and-bone legs,
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ja bih zamijenila proteze sa nogama od kosti i mesa,
17:33
I wouldn't have hesitated for a second.
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ne bih oklijevala ni sekundu.
17:36
I aspired to that kind of normalcy back then.
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Čeznula sam tada za tom vrstom normalnosti.
17:42
But if you ask me today, I'm not so sure.
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Ako me danas pitate, nisam tako sigurna.
17:45
And it's because of the experiences I've had with them,
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A to je zbog iskustava koje sam imala s njima,
17:50
not in spite of the experiences I've had with them.
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ne uprkos iskustvima koje sam imala sa njima.
17:56
And perhaps this shift in me has happened
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Možda se ovaj pomak u meni desio
17:59
because I've been exposed to more people who have opened doors for me
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zato što sam bila u dodiru sa više ljudi koji su otvorili vrata za mene
18:04
than those who have put lids and cast shadows on me.
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nego sa onima koji su me sputavali i bacali sjenke na mene.
18:11
See, all you really need is one person
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Vidite, sve što vam zaista treba, je jedna osoba
18:13
to show you the epiphany of your own power, and you're off.
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koja će vam otkriti vašu osobnu moć i vi letite.
18:18
If you can hand somebody the key to their own power --
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Ako nekome možete dati ključ njegove osobne moći,
18:23
the human spirit is so receptive -- if you can do that
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ljudski duh je tako receptivan, ako to možete učiniti
18:25
and open a door for someone at a crucial moment,
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i otvoriti vrata za nekoga u odsudnom momentu,
18:28
you are educating them in the best sense.
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vi ga educirate u najboljem smislu.
18:31
You're teaching them to open doors for themselves.
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Vi ih učite da otvore vrata za sebe same.
18:36
In fact, the exact meaning of the word "educate"
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U stvari, tačno značenje riječi "educirati"
18:42
comes from the root word "educe."
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potiče iz korjena riječi "izvući"
18:44
It means "to bring forth what is within,
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To znači, iznijeti na vidjelo ono što je unutar,
18:48
to bring out potential."
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izvući potencijal.
18:50
So again, which potential do we want to bring out?
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Tako ponovo, koji potencijal želimo izvući?
18:55
There was a case study done in 1960s Britain,
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Bila je jedna studija slučaja 1960 u Britaniji,
18:58
when they were moving from grammar schools to comprehensive schools.
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sa učenicima osnovnih škola i gimnazijalcima.
19:03
It's called the streaming trials. We call it "tracking" here in the States.
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Zove se probe toka. Mi to ovdje u SAD zovemo praćenje.
19:06
It's separating students from A, B, C, D and so on.
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Učenici su podijeljeni na grupe A, B, C, D itd.
19:11
And the "A students" get the tougher curriculum, the best teachers, etc.
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Tako da A učenici imaju najteži nastavni program, najbolje nastavnike itd.
19:16
Well, they took, over a three-month period,
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Dakle, oni su uzeli, tokom tromjesečnog perioda,
19:18
D-level students, gave them A's,
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učenike D nivoa i dali im A program,
19:21
told them they were "A's," told them they were bright,
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rekli im da su oni A i rekli im da su pametni.
19:24
and at the end of this three-month period,
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I na kraju ovog tromjesečnog perioda,
19:26
they were performing at A-level.
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oni su imali rezultate A nivoa.
19:29
And, of course, the heartbreaking, flip side of this study,
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I, naravno, tužno naličje ove studije,
19:32
is that they took the "A students" and told them they were "D's."
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je da su oni uzeli A učenike i rekli im da su D.
19:37
And that's what happened at the end of that three-month period.
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I ono što se dogodilo na kraju tromjesečnog perioda.
19:40
Those who were still around in school, besides the people who had dropped out.
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Neki su se još motali po školi, a neki su je napustili.
19:46
A crucial part of this case study was that the teachers were duped too.
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Krucijalni dio ove studije je da su i nastavnici zavarani.
19:55
The teachers didn't know a switch had been made.
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Nastavnici nisu znali da je izvršena zamjena.
19:57
They were simply told, "These are the 'A-students,' these are the 'D-students.'"
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Jednostavno im je rečeno ovo su A učenici, ovo su D učenici.
20:01
And that's how they went about teaching them and treating them.
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I oni su ih na taj način učili i tretirali.
20:07
So, I think that the only true disability is a crushed spirit,
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Tako da mislim da je jedina nesposobnost slomljeni duh,
20:16
a spirit that's been crushed doesn't have hope,
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duh koji je slomljen nema nade.
20:21
it doesn't see beauty,
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Ne vidi ljepotu.
20:23
it no longer has our natural, childlike curiosity
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Više ne posjeduje prirodnu, dječju radoznalost
20:29
and our innate ability to imagine.
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i našu unutrašnju sposobnost imaginacije.
20:32
If instead, we can bolster a human spirit to keep hope,
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Ako umjesto toga, možemo ojačati ljudski duh da održava nadu,
20:37
to see beauty in themselves and others,
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da vidi ljepotu u sebi i drugima,
20:41
to be curious and imaginative,
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da bude radoznao i imaginativan,
20:44
then we are truly using our power well.
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onda mi istinski dobro koristimo našu snagu.
20:48
When a spirit has those qualities, we are able to create new realities
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Kada duh ima te kvalitete, u stanju smo da kreiramo nove stvarnosti
20:54
and new ways of being.
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i nove načine bitisanja.
20:57
I'd like to leave you with a poem
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Želim da vam ostavim jednu pjesmu
20:59
by a fourteenth-century Persian poet named Hafiz
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čiji je autor perzijski pjesnik iz četrnaestog stoljeća po imenu Hafiz
21:03
that my friend, Jacques Dembois told me about,
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o kojoj mi je pričao moj prijatelj Jacques Dembois.
21:06
and the poem is called "The God Who Only Knows Four Words":
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A pjesma se zove "Bog koji samo četiri riječi zna."
21:11
"Every child has known God,
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"Svako dijete je upoznalo Boga,
21:15
not the God of names,
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ne Boga imena,
21:17
not the God of don'ts,
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ne Boga nemogućnosti,
21:20
but the God who only knows four words and keeps repeating them,
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nego Boga koji samo četiri riječi zna i stalno ih ponavlja,
21:25
saying, 'Come dance with me.
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govoreći, dođite zaplesati sa mnom"
21:32
Come, dance with me. Come, dance with me.'"
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Dođite zaplesati sa mnom.
21:35
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
21:37
(Applause)
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Aplauz
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actorA record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics.
Why you should listen
Aimee Mullins was born without fibular bones, and had both of her legs amputated below the knee when she was an infant. She learned to walk on prosthetics, then to run -- competing at the national and international level as a champion sprinter, and setting world records at the 1996 Paralympics in Atlanta. At Georgetown, where she double-majored in history and diplomacy, she became the first double amputee to compete in NCAA Division 1 track and field.
After school, Mullins did some modeling -- including a legendary runway show for Alexander McQueen -- and then turned to acting, appearing as the Leopard Queen in Matthew Barney's Cremaster Cycle. In 2008 she was the official Ambassador for the Tribeca/ESPN Sports Film Festival.
She's a passionate advocate for a new kind of thinking about prosthetics, and recently mentioned to an interviewer that she's been looking closely at MIT's in-development powered robotic ankle, "which I fully plan on having."
Aimee Mullins | Speaker | TED.com