TEDMED 2009
Aimee Mullins: The opportunity of adversity
Aimee Mullins: Kako pronaći sreću u nesreći
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Leksikon sinonima mogao bi izjednačiti "invaliditet" sa riječima poput "beskoristan" ili "unakažen", no probitačna će Aimee Mullins redefinirati ovaj pojam. Prkoseći ovakvim poredbama, pokazuje nam kako nepovoljne situacije- u njenom slučaju rođenje bez goljeničnih kostiju - u stvari otvara vrata ljudskom potencijalu.
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actor
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics. Full bio
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
I'd like to share with you a discovery that I made a few months ago
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Podijelit ću s vama nedavno saznanje
00:22
while writing an article for Italian Wired.
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dok sam pisala članak za talijansko izdanje Wireda.
00:25
I always keep my thesaurus handy whenever I'm writing anything,
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Dok pišem nešto, leksikon riječi uvijek mi je pri ruci,
00:28
but I'd already finished editing the piece,
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te sam po završetku uređivanja teksta,
00:31
and I realized that I had never once in my life
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shvatila da nikada u životu nisam
00:34
looked up the word "disabled" to see what I'd find.
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pogledala značenje riječi "invaliditet".
00:38
Let me read you the entry.
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Pročitat ću vam što je pisalo.
00:41
"Disabled, adjective: crippled, helpless, useless, wrecked,
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"invaliditet, invalidan": "osakaćen, bespomoćan, beskoristan, uništen,
00:49
stalled, maimed, wounded, mangled, lame, mutilated,
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zaostao, sakat, ranjen, oštećen, hrom, osakaćen,
00:56
run-down, worn-out, weakened, impotent, castrated, paralyzed, handicapped,
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pregažen, iznošen, oslabljen, nemoćan, kastriran, paraliziran, hendikepiran,
01:06
senile, decrepit, laid-up, done-up, done-for, done-in
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senilan, oronuo, povaljen, uništen...
01:12
cracked-up, counted-out;
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polomljen, izdvojen;
01:16
see also hurt, useless and weak.
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također pogledaj pod povrijeđen, beskoristan i slab.
01:20
Antonyms, healthy, strong, capable."
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Oprečno od zdrav, jak, sposoban."
01:26
I was reading this list out loud to a friend and at first was laughing,
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Pročitavši to prijatelju kroz smijeh,
01:30
it was so ludicrous,
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u tom trenutku se činilo smiješnim,
01:32
but I'd just gotten past "mangled," and my voice broke,
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ali kad sam shvatila duboku uvredu, glas mi je pukao,
01:37
and I had to stop and collect myself
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i morala sam se pribrati
01:40
from the emotional shock and impact that the assault from these words unleashed.
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od šoka i uvrede nanešenih ovim riječima.
01:50
You know, of course, this is my raggedy old thesaurus
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Naravno, radilo se o mom starom "ofucanom" leksikonu.
01:53
so I'm thinking this must be an ancient print date, right?
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Mora da je prastar, mislila sam.
01:56
But, in fact, the print date was the early 1980s,
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No, ustvari, bio je izdanje iz ranih osamdesetih,
02:01
when I would have been starting primary school
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iz vremena mog polaska u osnovnu školu
02:03
and forming an understanding of myself outside the family unit
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kada sam počela upoznavati sebe van svoje obitelji
02:07
and as related to the other kids and the world around me.
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i uspoređivati se sa ostalom djecom i novom okolinom.
02:10
And, needless to say, thank God I wasn't using a thesaurus back then.
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I hvala Bogu, što tada nisam koristila taj leksikon.
02:15
I mean, from this entry, it would seem that I was born into a world
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Za mene bi ta definicija značila dolazak na svijet
02:21
that perceived someone like me
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u kojem se za nekog poput mene
02:23
to have nothing positive whatsoever going for them,
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ne može dogoditi ništa pozitivno,
02:28
when in fact, today I'm celebrated for the opportunities and adventures
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no umjesto toga nosim slavu svojih mogućnosti i avantura
02:34
my life has procured.
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koje mi je donio život.
02:36
So, I immediately went to look up the 2009 online edition,
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Stoga sam istog trena pogledala online izdanje iz 2009.,
02:42
expecting to find a revision worth noting.
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očekujući izmjene.
02:46
Here's the updated version of this entry.
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Evo i dorađene inačice iste definicije.
02:49
Unfortunately, it's not much better.
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Nažalost, bez poboljšanja.
02:52
I find the last two words under "Near Antonyms," particularly unsettling:
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Posebno pogođena riječima pod "Bliski oprečni pojmovi",
02:58
"whole" and "wholesome."
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"potpun" i "potpunost".
03:02
So, it's not just about the words.
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Ovdje nije samo problem u riječima.
03:05
It's what we believe about people when we name them with these words.
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Nego o našem uvjerenju kad ih koristimo.
03:09
It's about the values behind the words, and how we construct those values.
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Bit je u vrijednosti iza tih riječi, i kako stvaramo vrijednosti.
03:14
Our language affects our thinking and how we view the world
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Jezik utječe na naša razmišljanja i stavove,
03:18
and how we view other people.
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i način kako gledamo na druge.
03:21
In fact, many ancient societies, including the Greeks and the Romans,
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Stare civilizacije, poput grčke i rimske,
03:24
believed that to utter a curse verbally was so powerful,
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vjerovale su u snagu izrečenog uroka,
03:29
because to say the thing out loud brought it into existence.
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jer reći nešto je značilo oživiti to isto.
03:35
So, what reality do we want to call into existence:
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Što ustvari želimo da se obistini,
03:40
a person who is limited, or a person who's empowered?
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ograničena ili osnažena osoba?
03:46
By casually doing something as simple as naming a person, a child,
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Imenujemo li tako osobu ili dijete,
03:52
we might be putting lids and casting shadows on their power.
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bacamo sjenu na njihovu snagu,
03:59
Wouldn't we want to open doors for them instead?
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Zašto im ne otvoriti vrata umjesto toga?
04:03
One such person who opened doors for me was my childhood doctor
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Onaj, tko je meni otvorio vrata, bio je moj liječnik
04:06
at the A.I. duPont Institute in Wilmington, Delaware.
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iz A.I. Dupont instituta u Wilmingtonu, Delaware.
04:11
His name was Dr. Pizzutillo,
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Njegovo ime je dr. Pizzutillo.
04:14
an Italian American, whose name, apparently,
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Talijan, čije ime je bilo
04:16
was too difficult for most Americans to pronounce,
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suviše teško za izgovor,
04:18
so he went by Dr. P.
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pa je prozvan dr. P.
04:20
And Dr. P always wore really colorful bow ties
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Dr. P. je uvijek nosio šarene leptir kravate
04:24
and had the very perfect disposition to work with children.
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i bio je vješt u ophođenju sa djecom.
04:30
I loved almost everything about my time spent at this hospital,
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Voljela sam sve vezano za moj boravak u toj bolnici,
04:35
with the exception of my physical therapy sessions.
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izuzev fizikalne terapije.
04:39
I had to do what seemed like innumerable repetitions of exercises
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Koja se sastojala od bezbroj ponavljanja istih vježbi
04:43
with these thick, elastic bands -- different colors,
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sa debelim, elastičnim trakama -- raznih boja --
04:47
you know -- to help build up my leg muscles,
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za jačanje nožnih mišića.
04:51
and I hated these bands more than anything --
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Te trake bile su mi nadasve mrske.
04:53
I hated them, had names for them. I hated them.
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Mrzila sam ih, zvala ih pogrdno. Mrzila sam ih.
04:56
And, you know, I was already bargaining, as a five year-old child,
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Već kao petogodišnje dijete, cjenkala sam se
05:00
with Dr. P to try to get out of doing these exercises,
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sa dr. P. ne bih li izbjegla te vježbe,
05:03
unsuccessfully, of course.
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neuspješno, naravno.
05:05
And, one day, he came in to my session --
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Jednog dana, došao je na terapiju --
05:10
exhaustive and unforgiving, these sessions --
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iscrpljujuću terapiju --
05:14
and he said to me, "Wow. Aimee, you are such a strong and powerful little girl,
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i rekao mi, "Aimee, ti si toliko jaka, snažna mala djevojčica,
05:20
I think you're going to break one of those bands.
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da ćeš potrgati jednu od traka.
05:23
When you do break it, I'm going to give you a hundred bucks."
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Ako uspiješ, dat ću ti 100 dolara."
05:26
Now, of course, this was a simple ploy on Dr. P's part
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Naravno, dr. P. me tek motivirao
05:30
to get me to do the exercises I didn't want to do
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da odradim toliko mrske mi vježbe
05:33
before the prospect of being the richest five-year-old in the second floor ward,
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umjesto da me učini malom bogatašicom 2. kata,
05:38
but what he effectively did for me was reshape an awful daily occurrence
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i zamijenio ružnu svakodnevicu
05:46
into a new and promising experience for me.
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novim i obećavajućim iskustvom.
05:50
And I have to wonder today to what extent his vision
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Pitam se, do koje je mjere njegovo viđenje
05:54
and his declaration of me as a strong and powerful little girl
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jake i snažne djevojčice
06:00
shaped my own view of myself
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oblikovalo mene
06:02
as an inherently strong, powerful and athletic person well into the future.
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kao jaku i snažnu atletičarku današnjice.
06:08
This is an example of how adults in positions of power
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Ovo je primjer kako odrasli
06:11
can ignite the power of a child.
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mogu potaknuti djetetovu snagu.
06:15
But, in the previous instances of those thesaurus entries,
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No, vratimo li se na značenje iz leksikona,
06:19
our language isn't allowing us to evolve into the reality that we would all want,
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shvaćamo da nam jezik ne dopušta budućnost kakvu želimo,
06:26
the possibility of an individual to see themselves as capable.
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mogućnost da se osoba vidi kao sposobna.
06:32
Our language hasn't caught up with the changes in our society,
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Jezik se ne mijenja brzinom promjena u društvu,
06:37
many of which have been brought about by technology.
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od kojih su mnoge uvjetovane tehnologijom.
06:40
Certainly, from a medical standpoint,
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S medicinskog stajališta,
06:42
my legs, laser surgery for vision impairment,
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moje noge, laserske operacije vida,
06:48
titanium knees and hip replacements for aging bodies
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umetci za koljeno i kukove od titana
06:51
that are allowing people to more fully engage with their abilities,
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omogućili su ljudima da aktiviraju svoje mogućnosti,
06:54
and move beyond the limits that nature has imposed on them --
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i pređu granice koje im je postavila priroda,
07:00
not to mention social networking platforms
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da ne spominjem društvene mreže,
07:03
allow people to self-identify, to claim their own descriptions of themselves,
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koje omogućuju vlastitu identifikaciju i opis samoga sebe,
07:08
so they can go align with global groups of their own choosing.
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i daju mogućnost odabira u povezivanju sa ljudima.
07:13
So, perhaps technology is revealing more clearly to us now
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Tehnologija nam uistinu otkriva ono
07:17
what has always been a truth:
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što je oduvijek bila istina,
07:20
that everyone has something rare and powerful to offer our society,
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da svatko nudi nešto rijetko i moćno,
07:28
and that the human ability to adapt is our greatest asset.
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i da je prilagodba naša najveća vrijednost.
07:33
The human ability to adapt, it's an interesting thing,
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Mogućnost prilagodbe u čovjeka je zanimljiva
07:36
because people have continually wanted to talk to me about overcoming adversity,
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jer je prevladavanje teškoća vrlo česta tema mojih razgovora,
07:42
and I'm going to make an admission:
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i stoga ću reći.
07:45
This phrase never sat right with me,
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Prevladavanje teškoća, termin je
07:47
and I always felt uneasy trying to answer people's questions about it,
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koji ne volim i teško mi je objasniti ga,
07:51
and I think I'm starting to figure out why.
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i mislim da shvaćam zbog čega.
07:55
Implicit in this phrase of "overcoming adversity"
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Ovaj termin u sebi sadrži
07:59
is the idea that success, or happiness,
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poimanje uspjeha ili sreće,
08:03
is about emerging on the other side of a challenging experience
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kao prolaz kroz izazovno iskustvo
08:06
unscathed or unmarked by the experience,
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koje ne ostavlja trag i ožiljke,
08:11
as if my successes in life have come about from an ability
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i da li je moj uspjeh pronikao iz sposobnosti
08:15
to sidestep or circumnavigate the presumed pitfalls of a life with prosthetics,
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da zaobiđem poteškoće u životu uz pomoć proteza,
08:20
or what other people perceive as my disability.
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ili je rezultat onog što se smatralo mojim nedostatkom.
08:23
But, in fact, we are changed. We are marked, of course, by a challenge,
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Mi se mijenjamo. Obilježeni izazovima,
08:29
whether physically, emotionally or both.
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tjelesnim, emocionalnim ili oboje.
08:32
And I'm going to suggest that this is a good thing.
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Smatram to dobrim.
08:35
Adversity isn't an obstacle that we need to get around
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Poteškoća nije ono što bismo trebali zaobići
08:39
in order to resume living our life.
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kako bi nastavili živjeti.
08:42
It's part of our life.
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Ona je dio nas.
08:45
And I tend to think of it like my shadow.
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I ja je smatram svojom sjenom.
08:48
Sometimes I see a lot of it, sometimes there's very little,
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Ponekad je velika, a ponekad jedva vidljiva,
08:51
but it's always with me.
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no uvijek je uz mene.
08:53
And, certainly, I'm not trying to diminish the impact, the weight, of a person's struggle.
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Naravno, ne umanjujući težinu i važnost nečije borbe.
09:00
There is adversity and challenge in life,
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U životu postoje i nedaće i izazovi,
09:03
and it's all very real and relative to every single person,
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stvarne i osobne za svakog od nas,
09:06
but the question isn't whether or not you're going to meet adversity,
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i nije bitno hoćemo li se susresti sa nedaćama,
09:10
but how you're going to meet it.
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već kako ćemo ih dočekati.
09:13
So, our responsibility is not simply shielding those we care for from adversity,
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Dužnost nam nije samo zaštititi voljene od nedaća,
09:20
but preparing them to meet it well.
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već ih i pripremiti za njih.
09:23
And we do a disservice to our kids
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Naš odnos spram djece je loš
09:27
when we make them feel that they're not equipped to adapt.
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ako ih činimo nespremnima za promjene.
09:34
There's an important difference and distinction
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Bitna je razlika
09:37
between the objective medical fact of my being an amputee
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između mog objektivnog oštećenja
09:42
and the subjective societal opinion of whether or not I'm disabled.
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i subjektivne prosudbe društva o mojim teškoćama.
09:48
And, truthfully, the only real and consistent disability I've had to confront
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Iskreno, jedina stvarna prepreka u mom životu jest
09:53
is the world ever thinking that I could be described by those definitions.
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strah da ću biti opisana jednom od onih definicija.
09:59
In our desire to protect those we care about
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U želji da zaštitimo voljene
10:02
by giving them the cold, hard truth about their medical prognosis,
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dajući im surovu istinu o medicinskoj prognozi,
10:06
or, indeed, a prognosis on the expected quality of their life,
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ili prognozirajući kvalitetu njihova života,
10:10
we have to make sure that we don't put the first brick in a wall
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moramo biti obzirni i ne povrijediti ih
10:14
that will actually disable someone.
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i time ih učiniti nesposobnima.
10:19
Perhaps the existing model of only looking at what is broken in you
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Možda sam model traženja greške u nekome
10:24
and how do we fix it, serves to be more disabling to the individual
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i ispravljanja iste, čini više zla osobi
10:28
than the pathology itself.
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nego samo oštećenje.
10:31
By not treating the wholeness of a person,
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Ne uzeti u obzir cjelovitost osobe,
10:36
by not acknowledging their potency,
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ne priznati njen potencijal,
10:38
we are creating another ill on top of whatever natural struggle they might have.
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čini nekog bolesnijim nego što u stvari jest.
10:45
We are effectively grading someone's worth to our community.
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Pre olako određujemo vrijednost ljudi za društvo.
10:51
So we need to see through the pathology
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Stoga treba pogledati dalje od poremećaja
10:54
and into the range of human capability.
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i uvidjeti ljudski potencijal.
11:00
And, most importantly, there's a partnership
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I iznad svega uvidjeti bliskost
11:04
between those perceived deficiencies
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utvrđenih nedostataka
11:06
and our greatest creative ability.
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i naših najboljih sposobnosti.
11:09
So it's not about devaluing, or negating, these more trying times
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Ne govorim o obezvrjeđivanju i negiranju problema
11:14
as something we want to avoid or sweep under the rug,
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kao nečeg što bismo voljeli sakriti,
11:18
but instead to find those opportunities wrapped in the adversity.
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nego o mogućnostima koje se kriju u problemima.
11:24
So maybe the idea I want to put out there is
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Cilj ovog govora nije
11:26
not so much overcoming adversity
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nadvladati probleme
11:31
as it is opening ourselves up to it,
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već biti otvoren za njih,
11:35
embracing it,
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prigrliti ih,
11:38
grappling with it,
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uhvatiti se u koštac,
11:40
to use a wrestling term,
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da iskoristim žargon,
11:42
maybe even dancing with it.
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možda čak i zaplesati sa njima.
11:46
And, perhaps, if we see adversity as natural, consistent and useful,
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I ako ih doživimo kao prirodne, stalne i korisne,
11:54
we're less burdened by the presence of it.
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možda nas manje optereti njihovo prisustvo.
11:57
This year we celebrate the 200th birthday of Charles Darwin,
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Ove godine slavimo 200-ti rođendan C. Darwina,
12:00
and it was 150 years ago, when writing about evolution,
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koji je prije 150 g. pišući o evoluciji,
12:04
that Darwin illustrated, I think, a truth about the human character.
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rekao sljedeće o ljudskom karakteru.
12:09
To paraphrase: It's not the strongest of the species that survives,
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Da parafraziram, ne preživljavaju najjači,
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nor is it the most intelligent that survives;
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ni najinteligentniji,
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it is the one that is most adaptable to change.
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već oni koji se prilagođavaju promjenama.
12:21
Conflict is the genesis of creation.
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Problem ustvari potiče kreativnost.
12:26
From Darwin's work, amongst others, we can recognize that
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Darwinov rad nam između ostalog otkriva
12:29
the human ability to survive and flourish
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da se čovjekova sposobnost preživljavanja i napretka
12:34
is driven by the struggle of the human spirit through conflict
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ogleda u borbi ljudskog duha s težnjom
12:39
into transformation.
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ka promjenama.
12:41
So, again, transformation, adaptation, is our greatest human skill.
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I ponovno, promjena, prilagodba, najveće su ljudske sposobnosti.
12:48
And, perhaps, until we're tested, we don't know what we're made of.
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Bez kušnje, nitko ne zna kakav je.
12:54
Maybe that's what adversity gives us:
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Možda nam upravo nesreća daje,
12:56
a sense of self, a sense of our own power.
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taj osjećaj vlastitog JA, osjećaj snage.
13:00
So, we can give ourselves a gift.
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Darujmo ga sami sebi.
13:03
We can re-imagine adversity as something more than just tough times.
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Nesreća ne mora označavati samo teška vremena.
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Maybe we can see it as change.
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Možda je možemo smatrati promjenom.
13:13
Adversity is just change that we haven't adapted ourselves to yet.
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Promjenom na koju nismo spremni.
13:19
I think the greatest adversity that we've created for ourselves
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Ono što nas čini nesretnima jest
13:22
is this idea of normalcy.
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naša predodžba normalnosti.
13:24
Now, who's normal?
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I, tko je normalan?
13:27
There's no normal.
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Normalno ne postoji.
13:29
There's common, there's typical. There's no normal,
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Postoji uobičajeno, tipično, ali ne i normalno.
13:32
and would you want to meet that poor, beige person if they existed?
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Biste li voljeli upoznati takvu jadnu, bezličnu osobu?
13:35
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
13:37
I don't think so.
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Sumnjam.
13:39
If we can change this paradigm from one of achieving normalcy
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Promijenimo li paradigmu od postizanja normalnosti
13:44
to one of possibility -- or potency, to be even a little bit more dangerous --
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u onu otvaranja mogućnosti, ili snage, i učiniti to izazovom,
13:49
we can release the power of so many more children,
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oslobodit ćemo snagu mnoge djece,
13:52
and invite them to engage their rare and valuable abilities with the community.
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i omogućiti im da uključe svoje potencijale i sposobnosti.
14:00
Anthropologists tell us that the one thing
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Antropolozi tvrde
14:03
we as humans have always required of our community members
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da ljudsko društvo oduvijek očekuje od svojih članova
14:06
is to be of use, to be able to contribute.
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da budu korisni, da pridonose.
14:10
There's evidence that Neanderthals, 60,000 years ago,
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Činjenica da su Neandertalci prije 60 000 g.
14:14
carried their elderly and those with serious physical injury,
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nosili svoje stare i nemoćne,
14:20
and perhaps it's because the life experience of survival of these people
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možda je značilo da je svaki član
14:26
proved of value to the community.
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važan zajednici:
14:28
They didn't view these people as broken and useless;
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te ljude nisu smatrali bezvrijednima;
14:33
they were seen as rare and valuable.
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smatrali su ih rijetkima i važnima.
14:36
A few years ago, I was in a food market in the town where I grew up
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Prije nekoliko godina, našla sam se u mome rodnom gradu
14:39
in that red zone in northeastern Pennsylvania,
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u trgovini u samome centru,
14:43
and I was standing over a bushel of tomatoes.
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stojeći uz sanduk rajčica.
14:45
It was summertime: I had shorts on.
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Bilo je ljeto. Imala sam kratke hlače.
14:47
I hear this guy, his voice behind me say, "Well, if it isn't Aimee Mullins."
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Začula sam glas, "Nije li to Aimee Mullins."
14:52
And I turn around, and it's this older man. I have no idea who he is.
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Okrenuvši se, ugledala sam nepoznatog muškarca.
14:56
And I said, "I'm sorry, sir, have we met? I don't remember meeting you."
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Odgovorih, "Oprostite, poznajemo li se? Niste mi poznati."
15:02
He said, "Well, you wouldn't remember meeting me.
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Odgovorio je, "Niste me ni mogli upamtiti.
15:04
I mean, when we met I was delivering you from your mother's womb."
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Jer ja sam vas pomogao donijeti na svijet."
15:07
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
15:09
Oh, that guy.
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Aaaaa, taj tip.
15:12
And, but of course, actually, it did click.
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Shvatila sam.
15:14
This man was Dr. Kean,
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Čovjek je bio dr. Kean,
15:17
a man that I had only known about through my mother's stories of that day,
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čovjek o kojem sam čula mnogo od svoje majke,
15:21
because, of course, typical fashion, I arrived late for my birthday by two weeks.
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jer, meni svojstveno, odgodila sam svoje rođenje dva tjedna.
15:27
And so my mother's prenatal physician had gone on vacation,
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Majčin porodničar otišao je na godišnji,
15:31
so the man who delivered me was a complete stranger to my parents.
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tako da me porodio potpuni neznanac, kažu roditelji.
15:36
And, because I was born without the fibula bones,
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Zato što sam se rodila bez goljeničnih kostiju,
15:39
and had feet turned in, and a few toes in this foot and a few toes in that,
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uvrnutih stopala sa tek nekoliko prstiju,
15:42
he had to be the bearer -- this stranger had to be the bearer of bad news.
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on, potpuni stranac, morao je izreći lošu vijest.
15:47
He said to me, "I had to give this prognosis to your parents
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Rekao mi je, "Tvojim sam roditeljima morao reći
15:51
that you would never walk,
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da nikada nećeš hodati,
15:53
and you would never have the kind of mobility that other kids have
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i da nećeš biti pokretna poput ostale djece
15:57
or any kind of life of independence,
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i da ćeš biti ovisna o drugima,
15:59
and you've been making liar out of me ever since."
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a ti si dokazala da sam lažov."
16:01
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
16:03
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
16:09
The extraordinary thing is that he said he had saved
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Iznenadilo me kada je rekao da čuva
16:13
newspaper clippings throughout my whole childhood,
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sve novinske odreske iz moje mladosti,
16:16
whether winning a second grade spelling bee,
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bilo kada sam pobijedila u slovkanju,
16:18
marching with the Girl Scouts, you know, the Halloween parade,
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bila u izviđačima, bila na paradi za Noć vještica,
16:21
winning my college scholarship, or any of my sports victories,
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dobila stipendiju, ili o sportskim uspjesima,
16:26
and he was using it, and integrating it into teaching resident students,
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i primijenio ih u obuci stažista,
16:32
med students from Hahnemann Medical School and Hershey Medical School.
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studenata medicine raznih fakulteta.
16:37
And he called this part of the course the X Factor,
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Što je nazvao, taj X faktor,
16:40
the potential of the human will.
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potencijal ljudske volje.
16:43
No prognosis can account for how powerful this could be
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Jer ni jedna prognoza ne može predvidjeti tu snagu
16:47
as a determinant in the quality of someone's life.
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kao odrednicu kvalitete nečijeg života.
16:51
And Dr. Kean went on to tell me,
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I još je rekao,
16:54
he said, "In my experience, unless repeatedly told otherwise,
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"Iskustvo mi govori, osim ako stalno ne ponavljamo suprotno,
17:02
and even if given a modicum of support,
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čak i uz malu podršku,
17:06
if left to their own devices, a child will achieve."
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dijete će postići mnogo i samo."
17:12
See, Dr. Kean made that shift in thinking.
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Dr. Kean učinio je taj pomak u mišljenju.
17:16
He understood that there's a difference between the medical condition
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Shvatio je razliku između zdravstvenog stanja
17:19
and what someone might do with it.
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i onoga što čovjek može.
17:22
And there's been a shift in my thinking over time,
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Ta promjena u mišljenju nije ni mene zaobišla,
17:25
in that, if you had asked me at 15 years old,
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jer da ste me sa 15 godina pitali,
17:29
if I would have traded prosthetics for flesh-and-bone legs,
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bih li mijenjala proteze za noge od krvi i mesa,
17:33
I wouldn't have hesitated for a second.
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ne bih ni trena oklijevala.
17:36
I aspired to that kind of normalcy back then.
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Tada sam težila onom -- "normalnom".
17:42
But if you ask me today, I'm not so sure.
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Pitate li me danas, nisam više sigurna.
17:45
And it's because of the experiences I've had with them,
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Zbog svega što sam sa njima prošla (protezama),
17:50
not in spite of the experiences I've had with them.
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a ne usprkos njima.
17:56
And perhaps this shift in me has happened
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Promjena u meni dogodila se
17:59
because I've been exposed to more people who have opened doors for me
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zbog okruženosti ljudima koji su mi otvarali mogućnosti,
18:04
than those who have put lids and cast shadows on me.
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a ne zbog onih koji su mi to onemogućavali.
18:11
See, all you really need is one person
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Sve što trebate je jedna osoba
18:13
to show you the epiphany of your own power, and you're off.
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koja će vam pokazati veličinu vaše snage, i nema vam kraja.
18:18
If you can hand somebody the key to their own power --
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Možete li kome predati ključ njegove snage,
18:23
the human spirit is so receptive -- if you can do that
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a svi znamo primati, ako to možete
18:25
and open a door for someone at a crucial moment,
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i u ključnom trenutku otvoriti im nove mogućnosti,
18:28
you are educating them in the best sense.
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učite ih u najboljem smislu te riječi.
18:31
You're teaching them to open doors for themselves.
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Učite ih kako da sami sebi pomognu.
18:36
In fact, the exact meaning of the word "educate"
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Promotrimo li riječ obrazovati
18:42
comes from the root word "educe."
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čiji je korijen "obraz".
18:44
It means "to bring forth what is within,
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Što može značiti uobličiti, dati lik, oblik
18:48
to bring out potential."
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potaknuti potencijal.
18:50
So again, which potential do we want to bring out?
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Kakav potencijal mi želimo potaknuti?
18:55
There was a case study done in 1960s Britain,
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60-tih godina u Britaniji provedena je studija,
18:58
when they were moving from grammar schools to comprehensive schools.
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u vrijeme prelaska sa sustava gimnazija na srednje škole.
19:03
It's called the streaming trials. We call it "tracking" here in the States.
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I naziva se usmjeravanje prema sposobnostima.
19:06
It's separating students from A, B, C, D and so on.
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Učenici se odvajaju prema razinama.
19:11
And the "A students" get the tougher curriculum, the best teachers, etc.
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Učenici razine A imaju teži kurikulum, najbolje učitelje itd.
19:16
Well, they took, over a three-month period,
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Kroz period od 3 mjeseca praćeni su
19:18
D-level students, gave them A's,
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učenici D razine i ocijenjeni s odličnim,
19:21
told them they were "A's," told them they were bright,
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rečeno im je da su odlični i bistri,
19:24
and at the end of this three-month period,
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I zaista, na kraju tog razdoblja,
19:26
they were performing at A-level.
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Učenici su zaista bili odlični.
19:29
And, of course, the heartbreaking, flip side of this study,
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Šokantno je, u obrnutoj situaciji,
19:32
is that they took the "A students" and told them they were "D's."
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odlični učenici ocijenjeni su dovoljnim.
19:37
And that's what happened at the end of that three-month period.
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To je ono što se dogodilo na kraju razdoblja.
19:40
Those who were still around in school, besides the people who had dropped out.
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Jedan dio učenika je nastavio školovanje, a jedan dio se ispisao.
19:46
A crucial part of this case study was that the teachers were duped too.
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Bitno je napomenuti da su i učitelji nasamareni.
19:55
The teachers didn't know a switch had been made.
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Nisu znali za eksperiment.
19:57
They were simply told, "These are the 'A-students,' these are the 'D-students.'"
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Rečeno im je samo- ovo su odlični, a ovo dovoljni.
20:01
And that's how they went about teaching them and treating them.
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Te su ih kao takve i tretirali.
20:07
So, I think that the only true disability is a crushed spirit,
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Stoga mislim da je slomljeni duh najveći problem,
20:16
a spirit that's been crushed doesn't have hope,
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slomljen duh ne gaji nadu.
20:21
it doesn't see beauty,
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Ne vidi ljepotu.
20:23
it no longer has our natural, childlike curiosity
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Nema onu dječju radoznalost
20:29
and our innate ability to imagine.
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i urođenu sposobnost maštanja.
20:32
If instead, we can bolster a human spirit to keep hope,
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Podupremo li ljudski duh da gaji nadu,
20:37
to see beauty in themselves and others,
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da vidi svoju i ljepotu drugih,
20:41
to be curious and imaginative,
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da bude radoznao i maštovit,
20:44
then we are truly using our power well.
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tada mu istinski pomažemo.
20:48
When a spirit has those qualities, we are able to create new realities
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Kada duh ima sve ove kvalitete, stvarnost se mijenja
20:54
and new ways of being.
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i stvara novi život.
20:57
I'd like to leave you with a poem
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Pročitala bih vam pjesmu
20:59
by a fourteenth-century Persian poet named Hafiz
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Hafiza, Perzijskog pjesnika iz 14. stoljeća
21:03
that my friend, Jacques Dembois told me about,
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na kojeg me uputio moj prijatelj.
21:06
and the poem is called "The God Who Only Knows Four Words":
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Naslov pjesme je "Bog koji zna samo četiri riječi".
21:11
"Every child has known God,
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"Dijete ne upoznaše Boga,
21:15
not the God of names,
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Boga od imena,
21:17
not the God of don'ts,
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Boga od zabrana,
21:20
but the God who only knows four words and keeps repeating them,
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već Boga četiriju riječi opetovanih,
21:25
saying, 'Come dance with me.
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on pjeva, dođi pleši sa mnom"
21:32
Come, dance with me. Come, dance with me.'"
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Dođite, plešite sa mnom.
21:35
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
21:37
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actorA record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics.
Why you should listen
Aimee Mullins was born without fibular bones, and had both of her legs amputated below the knee when she was an infant. She learned to walk on prosthetics, then to run -- competing at the national and international level as a champion sprinter, and setting world records at the 1996 Paralympics in Atlanta. At Georgetown, where she double-majored in history and diplomacy, she became the first double amputee to compete in NCAA Division 1 track and field.
After school, Mullins did some modeling -- including a legendary runway show for Alexander McQueen -- and then turned to acting, appearing as the Leopard Queen in Matthew Barney's Cremaster Cycle. In 2008 she was the official Ambassador for the Tribeca/ESPN Sports Film Festival.
She's a passionate advocate for a new kind of thinking about prosthetics, and recently mentioned to an interviewer that she's been looking closely at MIT's in-development powered robotic ankle, "which I fully plan on having."
Aimee Mullins | Speaker | TED.com