TED2009
Daniel Kraft: A better way to harvest bone marrow
Daniel Kraft inventa una mejor manera para extraer médula ósea
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Daniel Kraft enseña su recolector de médula -- un nuevo dispositivo que extrae rápidamente médula ósea capaz de salvar vidas, con poco dolor para el donante. Él enfatiza que las células madre encontradas en la médula ósea pueden ser usadas para tratar enfermedades terminales como el Parkinson o enfemedades coronarias.
Daniel Kraft - Physician scientist
Daniel Kraft is a physician-scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. He is the founder and chair of Exponential Medicine and has served as faculty chair for Medicine at Singularity University since its inception, exploring the impact and potential of rapidly developing technologies as applied to health and medicine. Full bio
Daniel Kraft is a physician-scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. He is the founder and chair of Exponential Medicine and has served as faculty chair for Medicine at Singularity University since its inception, exploring the impact and potential of rapidly developing technologies as applied to health and medicine. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
So I am a pediatric cancer doctor
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Soy un pediatra especializado en oncología
00:21
and stem-cell researcher at Stanford University
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e investigo las células madre en la universidad de Stanford
00:25
where my clinical focus has been bone marrow transplantation.
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donde mi objetivo principal ha sido el trasplante de médula ósea.
00:28
Now, inspired by Jill Bolte Taylor last year,
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Ahora, motivado por Jill Bolte Taylor el pasado año,
00:30
I didn't bring a human brain,
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no he traído un cerebro humano,
00:32
but I did bring a liter of bone marrow.
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pero sí he traído un litro de médula ósea.
00:35
And bone marrow is actually what we use
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Y la médula ósea es lo que en realidad usamos
00:38
to save the lives of tens of thousands of patients,
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para salvarle la vida a decenas de miles de pacientes,
00:40
most of whom have advanced malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma
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la mayoría de los cuales tienen enfermedades avanzadas como leucemia y linfomas
00:43
and some other diseases.
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y otras muchas enfermedades.
00:45
So, a few years ago, I'm doing my transplant fellowship at Stanford.
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Hace unos años, estaba haciendo mi entrenamiento de trasplantes en Stanford.
00:49
I'm in the operating room. We have Bob here,
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Estoy en el quirófano. Aquí tenemos a Bob,
00:51
who is a volunteer donor.
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un donante voluntario.
00:53
We're sending his marrow across the country to save the life
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Estamos mandando su médula a través del país para salvarle la vida
00:55
of a child with leukemia.
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a un niño con leucemia.
00:57
So actually how do we harvest this bone marrow?
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Entonces, ¿cómo extraemos esta médula ósea realmente?
00:59
Well we have a whole O.R. team, general anesthesia, nurses,
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Pues tenemos el equipo de O.R., anestesia general, enfermeras,
01:03
and another doctor across from me.
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y otro médico enfrente mío.
01:05
Bob's on the table, and we take this sort of small needle,
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Bob está en la mesa, y tomamos esta pequeña aguja,
01:07
you know, not too big.
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ya saben, no muy grande.
01:09
And the way we do this is we basically
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Y el modo en el que procedemos es básicamente
01:11
place this through the soft tissue,
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introducirla por el tejido suave de la piel,
01:13
and kind of punch it into the hard bone,
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y apretarla contra el duro hueso,
01:15
into the tuchus -- that's a technical term --
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hasta el cóxis -- es el término médico --
01:17
and aspirate about 10 mls of bone marrow out,
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y succionar alrededor de 10 mililitros de médula ósea,
01:21
each time, with a syringe.
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cada vez, con una jeringa.
01:23
And hand it off to the nurse. She squirts it into a tin.
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Y dársela a la enfermera. Ella la vacía en una lata.
01:26
Hands it back to me. And we do that again and again.
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Me la pasa de vuelta. Y repetimos el proceso una y otra vez.
01:29
About 200 times usually.
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Unas 200 veces normalmente.
01:31
And by the end of this my arm is sore, I've got a callus on my hand,
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Y cuando terminamos, tengo el brazo dormido, callos en la mano.
01:33
let alone Bob,
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Dejemos sólo a Bob,
01:35
whose rear end looks something more like this,
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que tiene el trasero parecido a ésto,
01:37
like Swiss cheese.
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como queso suizo.
01:39
So I'm thinking, you know, this procedure hasn't changed in about 40 years.
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Entonces me puse a pensar que éste procedimiento no había cambiado en 40 años.
01:43
And there is probably a better way to do this.
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Y seguramente hay una forma mejor de hacerlo.
01:45
So I thought of a minimally invasive approach,
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Así que me imaginé una manera mínimamente invasiva para hacerlo.
01:48
and a new device that we call the Marrow Miner.
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Y un nuevo instrumento que llamamos el recolector de médula.
01:50
This is it.
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Ésto es.
01:52
And the Marrow Miner, the way it works is shown here.
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Y el recolector de médula, aquí enseñamos cómo funciona.
01:55
Our standard see-through patient.
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A nuestro paciente transparente estándar,
01:57
Instead of entering the bone dozens of times,
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en vez de agujerear su hueso docenas de veces,
01:59
we enter just once, into the front of the hip or the back of the hip.
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simplemente lo hacemos una vez, por delante o por detrás de la cadera.
02:01
And we have a flexible, powered catheter
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Y tenemos un catéter flexible
02:04
with a special wire loop tip that stays inside the crunchy part of the marrow
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con una punta de cable enrollado especial que se queda dentro de la parte crujiente de la médula
02:07
and follows the contours of the hip, as it moves around.
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y sigue la forma de la cadera, tal y como lo muevas.
02:10
So it enables you to very rapidly aspirate,
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Así que te permite succionar rápidamente,
02:12
or suck out, rich bone marrow very quickly through one hole.
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o sacar, médula ósea de calidad muy rápido a través de un solo agujero.
02:15
We can do multiple passes through that same entry.
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Podemos hacer más de una pasada para el mismo agujero.
02:17
No robots required.
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Sin necesidad de robots.
02:19
And, so, very quickly, Bob can just get one puncture, local anesthesia,
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Y así, tan rápido, a Bob le hacemos una sola punción, con anestesia local,
02:22
and do this harvest as an outpatient.
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y en calidad de paciente no ingresado.
02:26
So I did a few prototypes. I got a small little grant at Stanford.
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Hice unos cuantos prototipos. Stanford me dio una pequeña subvención.
02:29
And played around with this a little bit.
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Y fui probando lo que era capaz de hacer.
02:31
And our team members developed this technology.
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Y nuestro equipo ha desarrollado esta tecnología.
02:33
And eventually we got two large animals, and pig studies.
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Y luego hicimos pruebas con grandes animales, como los cerdos.
02:37
And we found, to our surprise, that we not only got bone marrow out,
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Y para nuestra sorpresa, encontramos no sólo que extraímos médula ósea,
02:39
but we got 10 times the stem cell activity
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sino que en ella había 10 veces más actividad de células madre
02:42
in the marrow from the Marrow Miner, compared to the normal device.
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en la médula de nuestro recolector, que comparada con el método tradicional.
02:44
This device was just FDA approved in the last year.
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Este aparato fue aprobado por la Administración de alimentos y fármacos (FDA) el pasado año.
02:47
Here is a live patient. You can see it following the flexible curves around.
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Aquí tenemos un paciente vivo. Pueden ver como se curva gracias a su flexibilidad.
02:50
There will be two passes here, in the same patient, from the same hole.
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Aquí habrá dos pasadas, en el mismo paciente, en el mismo agujero.
02:53
This was done under local anesthesia, as an outpatient.
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Ésto lo hicimos con anestesia local, y en calidad de paciente externo.
02:55
And we got, again, about three to six times more stem cells
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Y obtuvimos, de nuevo, de 3 a 6 veces más células madre
02:58
than the standard approach done on the same patient.
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que con el procedimiento tradicional en el mismo paciente.
03:01
So why should you care? Bone marrow is a very rich source of adult stem cells.
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Entonces, ¿por qué debería importarles? La médula ósea es una fuente abundante de células madre.
03:04
You all know about embryonic stem cells.
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Todos conocen las células madre embrionarias.
03:06
They've got great potential but haven't yet entered clinical trials.
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Tienen un gran potencial pero todavía no se investiga clínicamente con ellas.
03:09
Adult stem cells are throughout our body,
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Las células madre están por todo nuestro cuerpo,
03:11
including the blood-forming stem cells in our bone marrow,
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incluyendo las que fabrican sangre en nuestra médula ósea.
03:13
which we've been using as a form of stem-cell therapy
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Las cuales hemos estado utilizando como terapia de células madre
03:15
for over 40 years.
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desde hace más de 40 años.
03:17
In the last decade there's been an explosion of use
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En la pasada década ha habido un gran crecimiento del uso
03:20
of bone marrow stem cells to treat the patient's other diseases
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de células madre de médula ósea para tratar otras enfermedades del paciente,
03:23
such as heart disease, vascular disease,
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como enfermedades coronarias, enfermedades vasculares,
03:25
orthopedics, tissue engineering,
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ortopédicas, para la regeneración de tejido,
03:27
even in neurology to treat Parkinson's
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incluso en neurología para tratar el Parkinson,
03:29
and diabetes.
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y la diabetes.
03:31
We've just come out, we're commercializing, this year,
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Acabamos de sacarlo, vamos a comercializar este año
03:33
generation 2.0 of the Marrow Miner.
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la versión 2.0 del recolector de médula.
03:35
The hope is that this gets more stem cells out,
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Espero que este invento extraiga muchas células madre.
03:37
which translates to better outcomes.
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Lo que significa mejores resultados.
03:39
It may encourage more people to sign up to be
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Puede convencer a más gente para hacerse
03:41
potential live-saving bone marrow donors.
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donante de médula ósea y salvar vidas.
03:43
It may even enable you to bank
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Tambíen les permitiría guardar
03:45
your own marrow stem cells, when you're younger and healthier,
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sus propias células madre, cuando son jóvenes y saludables,
03:47
to use in the future should you need it.
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para utilizarlas en el futuro, en caso de necesitarlas.
03:50
And ultimately -- and here's a picture of our
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Y por último -- aquí tenemos una foto de nuestros
03:52
bone marrow transplant survivors,
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trasplantados de médula ósea
03:54
who come together for a reunion each year at Stanford.
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que se reúnen cada año en Stanford.
03:56
Hopefully this technology will let us
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Espero que esta tecnología nos permita
03:58
have more of these survivors in the future.
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tener más de estos sobrevivientes en el futuro.
04:00
Thanks.
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Gracias.
04:02
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Kraft - Physician scientistDaniel Kraft is a physician-scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. He is the founder and chair of Exponential Medicine and has served as faculty chair for Medicine at Singularity University since its inception, exploring the impact and potential of rapidly developing technologies as applied to health and medicine.
Why you should listen
Dr. Daniel Kraft is a Stanford and Harvard trained physician-scientist with more than 25 years of experience in clinical practice, biomedical research and innovation. He is Faculty Chair for Medicine at Singularity University and is the founder and chair for Exponential Medicine, a program which explores convergent, rapidly developing technologies and their potential to reshape the future of health and biomedicine.
After medical school at Stanford, Kraft was board certified in both Internal Medicine and Pediatrics following residency at the Massachusetts General Hospital & Boston Children's Hospital, and he completed Stanford fellowships in hematology/oncology & bone marrow transplantation. He is a member of the inaugural class of Aspen Institute Health Innovators Fellows.
Kraft has extensive research in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine with multiple scientific publications, medical device, immunology and stem cell-related patents through faculty positions with Stanford University School of Medicine and as clinical faculty for the pediatric bone marrow transplantation service at University of California San Francisco.
Kraft recently founded IntelliMedicine, focused on connected, data-driven and integrated personalized medicine. He is the inventor of the MarrowMiner, an FDA-approved device for the minimally invasive harvest of bone marrow, and he founded RegenMed Systems, a company developing technologies to enable adult stem cell-based regenerative therapies. He is an advisor the XPRIZE (having conceived of the Medical Tricorder XPRIZE and is helping lead a new Cancer focused prize), and advises several digital health and technology companies.
Kraft is an avid pilot and served for 14 years as an officer and flight surgeon with F-15 and F-16 fighter squadrons in the Air National Guard. He has conducted research on aerospace medicine that was published with NASA, with whom he was a finalist for astronaut selection.
Daniel Kraft | Speaker | TED.com