ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Kraft - Physician scientist
Daniel Kraft is a physician-scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. He is the founder and chair of Exponential Medicine and has served as faculty chair for Medicine at Singularity University since its inception, exploring the impact and potential of rapidly developing technologies as applied to health and medicine.

Why you should listen

Dr. Daniel Kraft is a Stanford and Harvard trained physician-scientist with more than 25 years of experience in clinical practice, biomedical research and innovation. He is Faculty Chair for Medicine at Singularity University and is the founder and chair for Exponential Medicine, a program which explores convergent, rapidly developing technologies and their potential to reshape the future of health and biomedicine.

After medical school at Stanford, Kraft was board certified in both Internal Medicine and Pediatrics following residency at the Massachusetts General Hospital & Boston Children's Hospital, and he completed Stanford fellowships in hematology/oncology & bone marrow transplantation. He is a member of the inaugural class of Aspen Institute Health Innovators Fellows.

Kraft has extensive research in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine with multiple scientific publications, medical device, immunology and stem cell-related patents through faculty positions with Stanford University School of Medicine and as clinical faculty for the pediatric bone marrow transplantation service at University of California San Francisco. 

Kraft recently founded IntelliMedicine, focused on connected, data-driven and integrated personalized medicine. He is the inventor of the MarrowMiner, an FDA-approved device for the minimally invasive harvest of bone marrow, and he founded RegenMed Systems, a company developing technologies to enable adult stem cell-based regenerative therapies. He is an advisor the XPRIZE (having conceived of the Medical Tricorder XPRIZE and is helping lead a new Cancer focused prize), and advises several digital health and technology companies.

Kraft is an avid pilot and served for 14 years as an officer and flight surgeon with F-15 and F-16 fighter squadrons in the Air National Guard. He has conducted research on aerospace medicine that was published with NASA, with whom he was a finalist for astronaut selection.

More profile about the speaker
Daniel Kraft | Speaker | TED.com
TED2009

Daniel Kraft: A better way to harvest bone marrow

Daniel Kraft: Uma melhor forma de colher medula óssea

Filmed:
525,001 views

Daniel Kraft faz uma demonstração do seu Marrow Miner (Mineiro de Medula), um novo dispositivo que rapidamente colhe medula óssea com um mínimo de dor para o doador. Salienta também a ideia de que as células estaminais adultas que se encontram na medula óssea podem ser usadas para tratar muitas condições terminais, desde a Doença de Parkinson até doenças cardíacas.
- Physician scientist
Daniel Kraft is a physician-scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. He is the founder and chair of Exponential Medicine and has served as faculty chair for Medicine at Singularity University since its inception, exploring the impact and potential of rapidly developing technologies as applied to health and medicine. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:18
So I am a pediatricpediátrica cancerCâncer doctormédico
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Sou um pediatra oncologista
00:21
and stem-cellcélulas-tronco researcherPesquisador at StanfordStanford UniversityUniversidade
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e investigador de células estaminais
na Universidade de Stanford
00:25
where my clinicalclínico focusfoco has been boneosso marrowmedula transplantationtransplante de.
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onde me tenho dedicado
ao transplante de medula óssea.
00:28
Now, inspiredinspirado by JillJill BolteBolte TaylorTaylor last yearano,
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Inspirado por Jill Bolte Taylor
no ano passado,
00:30
I didn't bringtrazer a humanhumano braincérebro,
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não trouxe um cérebro humano,
00:32
but I did bringtrazer a literlitro of boneosso marrowmedula.
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mas trouxe um litro de medula óssea.
00:35
And boneosso marrowmedula is actuallyna realidade what we use
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A medula óssea é aquilo que usamos
para salvar a vida
de dezenas de milhares de pacientes,
00:38
to saveSalve  the livesvidas of tensdezenas of thousandsmilhares of patientspacientes,
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00:40
mosta maioria of whomo qual have advancedavançado malignanciesneoplasias malignas like leukemialeucemia and lymphomalinfoma
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na maioria com neoplasias malignas
em estado avançado,
como leucemia e linfoma
e outras doenças.
00:43
and some other diseasesdoenças.
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00:45
So, a fewpoucos yearsanos agoatrás, I'm doing my transplanttransplante fellowshipbolsa de estudo at StanfordStanford.
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Aqui há uns anos, eu estava
a fazer o meu internato em Stanford.
00:49
I'm in the operatingoperativo roomquarto. We have BobBob here,
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Estava na sala de operações.
Tínhamos lá o Bob
que é um doador voluntário.
00:51
who is a volunteervoluntário donordador.
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00:53
We're sendingenviando his marrowmedula acrossatravés the countrypaís to saveSalve  the life
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Enviámos a medula óssea dele
ao outro extremo do país
00:55
of a childcriança with leukemialeucemia.
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para salvar a vida
de uma criança com leucemia.
00:57
So actuallyna realidade how do we harvestcolheita this boneosso marrowmedula?
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Como é que colhemos esta medula óssea?
00:59
Well we have a wholetodo O.R. teamequipe, generalgeral anesthesiaanestesia, nursesenfermeiros,
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Tínhamos toda a equipa cirúrgica,
anestesistas, enfermeiros,
01:03
and anotheroutro doctormédico acrossatravés from me.
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e um outro médico à minha frente.
01:05
Bob'sDe Bob on the tablemesa, and we take this sortordenar of smallpequeno needleagulha,
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O Bob está na marquesa, pegamos
numa agulha pequena,
01:07
you know, not too biggrande.
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não muito grande
01:09
And the way we do this is we basicallybasicamente
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e inserimo-la através do tecido mole.
01:11
placeLugar, colocar this throughatravés the softsuave tissuelenço de papel,
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01:13
and kindtipo of punchsoco it into the hardDifícil boneosso,
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Perfuramos o osso, até às nádegas
01:15
into the tuchusbumbum -- that's a technicaltécnico termprazo --
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— é o termo técnico —
01:17
and aspirateAspire about 10 mlsMLS of boneosso marrowmedula out,
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e aspiramos cerca
de 10 ml de medula óssea,
01:21
eachcada time, with a syringeseringa.
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de cada vez, com uma seringa.
01:23
And handmão it off to the nurseenfermeira. She squirtsesguicha it into a tinestanho.
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Entregamo-la à enfermeira.
Ela esguicha o conteúdo para uma lata
e devolve-ma.
01:26
HandsMãos it back to me. And we do that again and again.
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E voltamos a fazer o mesmo,
01:29
About 200 timesvezes usuallygeralmente.
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cerca de 200 vezes.
01:31
And by the endfim of this my armbraço is soredorido, I've got a calluscalo ósseo on my handmão,
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Quando isto acaba tenho o braço dorido,
um calo na mão.
01:33
let alonesozinho BobBob,
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Quem fica pior é o Bob,
01:35
whosede quem reartraseira endfim looksparece something more like this,
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cujo traseiro se parece com isto,
01:37
like SwissSuíço cheesequeijo.
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como um queijo suíço.
01:39
So I'm thinkingpensando, you know, this procedureprocedimento hasn'tnão tem changedmudou in about 40 yearsanos.
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Este procedimento não mudou
em cerca de 40 anos.
Provavelmente, há
uma forma melhor de fazer isto.
01:43
And there is probablyprovavelmente a better way to do this.
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01:45
So I thought of a minimallyminimamente invasiveinvasiva approachabordagem,
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Então pensei numa abordagem
minimamente invasiva.
01:48
and a newNovo devicedispositivo that we call the MarrowMedula MinerMiner.
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Um novo dispositivo
a que chamamos Marrow Miner
01:50
This is it.
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[Mineiro de Medula]
01:52
And the MarrowMedula MinerMiner, the way it workstrabalho is shownmostrando here.
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É isto. O Marrow Miner trabalha
da forma que mostramos aqui.
01:55
Our standardpadrão see-throughSee-Through patientpaciente.
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O nosso paciente é transparente.
01:57
InsteadEm vez disso of enteringentrando the boneosso dozensdezenas of timesvezes,
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Em vez de entrarmos
no osso dezenas de vezes,
01:59
we enterentrar just onceuma vez, into the frontfrente of the hipquadril or the back of the hipquadril.
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entramos só uma vez,
pela frente ou por trás da anca.
02:01
And we have a flexibleflexível, poweredalimentado cathetercateter
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Temos um cateter flexível,
02:04
with a specialespecial wirefio looploop tipgorjeta that staysfica insidedentro the crunchycrocante partparte of the marrowmedula
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com um anel de arame
que fica no interior da medula
02:07
and followssegue the contourscontornos of the hipquadril, as it movesse move around.
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e segue os contornos da anca,
à medida que se mova.
02:10
So it enableshabilita you to very rapidlyrapidamente aspirateAspire,
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Isso permite-nos aspirar rapidamente,
02:12
or suckchupar out, richrico boneosso marrowmedula very quicklyrapidamente throughatravés one holeburaco.
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a medula óssea muito rapidamente.
através de um orifício.
Podemos fazê-lo várias vezes
através da mesma entrada.
02:15
We can do multiplemúltiplo passespassa throughatravés that samemesmo entryentrada.
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02:17
No robotsrobôs requiredrequeridos.
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Não são necessários robôs.
02:19
And, so, very quicklyrapidamente, BobBob can just get one puncturepunção, locallocal anesthesiaanestesia,
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E, rapidamente, o Bob pode ter apenas
uma punção, anestesia local,
02:22
and do this harvestcolheita as an outpatientambulatório.
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e fazemos esta recolha
sem internar o doador.
02:26
So I did a fewpoucos prototypesprotótipos. I got a smallpequeno little grantconceder at StanfordStanford.
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Fiz alguns protótipos.
Obtive um pequeno subsídio de Stanford.
02:29
And playedreproduziu around with this a little bitpouco.
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E brinquei com isto um pouco.
02:31
And our teamequipe membersmembros developeddesenvolvido this technologytecnologia.
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A nossa equipa
desenvolveu esta tecnologia.
02:33
And eventuallyeventualmente we got two largeampla animalsanimais, and pigporco studiesestudos.
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Por fim, conseguimos obter
dois animais grandes e estudar porcos.
Descobrimos que não só
conseguimos extrair a medula,
02:37
And we foundencontrado, to our surprisesurpresa, that we not only got boneosso marrowmedula out,
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02:39
but we got 10 timesvezes the stemhaste cellcélula activityatividade
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como as células estaminais assim extraídas
tinham 10 vezes mais atividade
do que através do dispositivo habitual.
02:42
in the marrowmedula from the MarrowMedula MinerMiner, comparedcomparado to the normalnormal devicedispositivo.
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02:44
This devicedispositivo was just FDAFDA approvedaprovado in the last yearano.
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O dispositivo foi aprovado
pela FDA no ano passado.
Este é um paciente real.
Vemos como segue as curvas flexíveis.
02:47
Here is a liveviver patientpaciente. You can see it followingSegue the flexibleflexível curvescurvas around.
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Vamos fazer duas extrações,
no mesmo paciente, pelo mesmo orifício.
02:50
There will be two passespassa here, in the samemesmo patientpaciente, from the samemesmo holeburaco.
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02:53
This was donefeito undersob locallocal anesthesiaanestesia, as an outpatientambulatório.
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Foi feito com anestesia local,
em regime ambulatório.
02:55
And we got, again, about threetrês to sixseis timesvezes more stemhaste cellscélulas
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Conseguimos 3 a 6 vezes
mais células estaminais
02:58
than the standardpadrão approachabordagem donefeito on the samemesmo patientpaciente.
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do que através do método tradicional,
feito no mesmo paciente.
03:01
So why should you careCuidado? BoneOsso marrowmedula is a very richrico sourcefonte of adultadulto stemhaste cellscélulas.
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A medula óssea é uma fonte muito rica
de células estaminais adultas.
03:04
You all know about embryonicembrionário stemhaste cellscélulas.
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As células estaminais embrionárias
têm um grande potencial
03:06
They'veEles já got great potentialpotencial but haven'tnão tem yetainda enteredentrou clinicalclínico trialsensaios.
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mas ainda não foram testadas clinicamente.
03:09
AdultAdulto stemhaste cellscélulas are throughoutao longo our bodycorpo,
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Temos células estaminais adultas
em todo o corpo,
03:11
includingIncluindo the blood-formingformadoras de sangue stemhaste cellscélulas in our boneosso marrowmedula,
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incluindo as que produzem sangue
na medula óssea,
03:13
whichqual we'venós temos been usingusando as a formFormato of stem-cellcélulas-tronco therapyterapia
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que usamos como forma de terapia
de células estaminais
03:15
for over 40 yearsanos.
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há 40 anos.
03:17
In the last decadedécada there's been an explosionexplosão of use
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Na última década intensificou-se
o uso de células estaminais da medula óssea
03:20
of boneosso marrowmedula stemhaste cellscélulas to treattratar the patient'spacientes other diseasesdoenças
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para tratar pacientes com outras doenças
03:23
suchtal as heartcoração diseasedoença, vascularvascular diseasedoença,
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como doenças cardíacas, vasculares,
03:25
orthopedicsOrtopedia, tissuelenço de papel engineeringEngenharia,
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ortopédicas, engenharia de tecidos,
03:27
even in neurologyneurologia to treattratar Parkinson'sA doença de Parkinson
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Doença de Parkinson e diabetes.
03:29
and diabetesdiabetes.
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03:31
We'veTemos just come out, we're commercializingcomercialização de, this yearano,
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Este ano, estamos
em fase de comercialização
03:33
generationgeração 2.0 of the MarrowMedula MinerMiner.
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da geração 2.0 do Marrow Miner.
03:35
The hopeesperança is that this getsobtém more stemhaste cellscélulas out,
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Esperamos conseguir obter ainda
mais células estaminais,
03:37
whichqual translatestraduz-se to better outcomesresultados.
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obter melhores resultados
03:39
It maypode encourageencorajar more people to signplaca up to be
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encorajar mais pessoas a tornarem-se
03:41
potentialpotencial live-savingeconomia de viver boneosso marrowmedula donorsdoadores.
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possíveis doadores de medula óssea
e salvar vidas.
03:43
It maypode even enablehabilitar you to bankbanco
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Pode permitir-nos armazenar
03:45
your ownpróprio marrowmedula stemhaste cellscélulas, when you're youngermais jovem and healthiermais saudável,
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as nossas células da medula,
enquanto jovens e saudáveis,
03:47
to use in the futurefuturo should you need it.
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para usar no futuro, caso necessário.
03:50
And ultimatelyem última análise -- and here'saqui está a picturecenário of our
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Por fim — esta fotografia
é dos sobreviventes
03:52
boneosso marrowmedula transplanttransplante survivorssobreviventes,
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de transplantes de medula óssea,
03:54
who come togetherjuntos for a reunionreunião eachcada yearano at StanfordStanford.
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que se reúnem uma vez por ano em Stanford.
03:56
HopefullyEspero que this technologytecnologia will let us
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Oxalá esta tecnologia nos permita
03:58
have more of these survivorssobreviventes in the futurefuturo.
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ter mais destes sobreviventes no futuro.
04:00
ThanksObrigado.
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Obrigado.
04:02
(ApplauseAplausos)
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(Aplausos)
Translated by Sérgio Lopes
Reviewed by Rafael Eufrasio

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Kraft - Physician scientist
Daniel Kraft is a physician-scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. He is the founder and chair of Exponential Medicine and has served as faculty chair for Medicine at Singularity University since its inception, exploring the impact and potential of rapidly developing technologies as applied to health and medicine.

Why you should listen

Dr. Daniel Kraft is a Stanford and Harvard trained physician-scientist with more than 25 years of experience in clinical practice, biomedical research and innovation. He is Faculty Chair for Medicine at Singularity University and is the founder and chair for Exponential Medicine, a program which explores convergent, rapidly developing technologies and their potential to reshape the future of health and biomedicine.

After medical school at Stanford, Kraft was board certified in both Internal Medicine and Pediatrics following residency at the Massachusetts General Hospital & Boston Children's Hospital, and he completed Stanford fellowships in hematology/oncology & bone marrow transplantation. He is a member of the inaugural class of Aspen Institute Health Innovators Fellows.

Kraft has extensive research in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine with multiple scientific publications, medical device, immunology and stem cell-related patents through faculty positions with Stanford University School of Medicine and as clinical faculty for the pediatric bone marrow transplantation service at University of California San Francisco. 

Kraft recently founded IntelliMedicine, focused on connected, data-driven and integrated personalized medicine. He is the inventor of the MarrowMiner, an FDA-approved device for the minimally invasive harvest of bone marrow, and he founded RegenMed Systems, a company developing technologies to enable adult stem cell-based regenerative therapies. He is an advisor the XPRIZE (having conceived of the Medical Tricorder XPRIZE and is helping lead a new Cancer focused prize), and advises several digital health and technology companies.

Kraft is an avid pilot and served for 14 years as an officer and flight surgeon with F-15 and F-16 fighter squadrons in the Air National Guard. He has conducted research on aerospace medicine that was published with NASA, with whom he was a finalist for astronaut selection.

More profile about the speaker
Daniel Kraft | Speaker | TED.com

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