Eric Haseltine: What will be the next big scientific breakthrough?
اریک هسلتاین: نقطه عطف بعدی در علم چه خواهد بود؟
Eric Haseltine applies discoveries about the brain to innovation and forecasting game-changing advances in science and technology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
my passion for science.
از اشتیاقم به علم برایتان بگویم.
that takes baby steps.
برمیدارند نمیگویم.
that takes enormous leaps.
که جهشهای عظیم را میسازند.
that turns the world on its head.
که دنیا را توسط خود هدایت میکنند.
about two ideas that might do this.
است همین کار را انجام دهند صحبت میکنم.
most are flat wrong,
کاملا اشتباهند
seldom have the impact
به ندرت تاثیری را دارند
two ideas in particular,
چرا این دو نظریه خاص را انتخاب کردهام،
compulsively thorough doctor
و خیلی پر کار بود
soon after giving birth
at one of the clinics than at the other.
سه برابر دیگری میمردند.
what the difference was that caused this,
until he happened to autopsy a doctor
مشغول کالبد شکافی یک پزشک شد
از زخم چاقوی جراحی مرده بود.
to those of the mothers who were dying.
مشابه مادرانی که میمردند بود.
get the same thing as new mothers?
مادران تازه زایمان کرده را بگیرد؟
everything the doctor had done
that he'd been autopsying a corpse.
کالبد شکافی میکرده.
in his wound that killed him?
باعث مرگش شده؟
for any connection he could
and dead mothers in his delivery room,
و مادران مرده زایشگاه توجه کرد،
with the high death rate,
که نرخ مرگ و میر بالاتری،
after autopsying corpses in the morgue.
در اتاق تشریح بچه به دنیا میآوردند.
the doctors' hands
to sterilize their hands,
دستهایشان را ضد عفونی کنند،
had discovered infectious disease.
بیماری های عفونی را کشف کرد.
thought he was crazy,
فکر میکردند که او دیوانه است،
and had for hundreds of years,
صدها سال میدانستند،
called miasmas caused disease,
به نام میازماس بوده،
that you couldn't see.
for Frenchman Louis Pasteur
تا لویی پاستور فرانسوی
why milk and beer spoiled so often.
could kill people in exactly the same way
مرگ انسانها دقیقا به همین شکلی است
to talk about tonight, in two ideas.
دربارهاش صحبت کنم نگاه کنیم، دو نظریه.
that he was a revolutionary.
این بود که او یک انقلابی بود.
to a completely new world.
به دنیایی کاملا جدید باز کرد.
that bacteria killed people.
عامل مرگ انسانها هستند.
that people kept close to their heart.
به آن اعتقاد داشتند را از میان برد.
Bacteria killed people.
باکتری عامل مرگ و میر بود.
I want to talk about tonight.
که امشب بیان میکنم.
to a completely new universe,
به جهانی کاملا جدید باز کرد،
که مدتها باور داشتیم حمله کرد.
to an entirely new world
چشمان ما را به دنیایی کاملا جدید گشود
Bell Laboratory
در آزمایشگاههای بل رها کرد
برای زیست شناسی اختراع کند
were taking his brilliant inventions
for figuring out
to see finer and finer details
برای دیدن چیزهای ریز و ریزتر بهتر کند
or ever could be seen.
going to understand how cells work,
کارکرد سلولها حیاتی است،
150th the size of a head of a pin
۱۵۰ بار کوچکتر از سر یک سوزن
called the law of physics,
is the thing called the diffraction limit.
چیزی به نام محدودیت انکسار است.
when you go to a doctor's office,
وقتی به مطب چشم بزشک می روی،
no matter how good glasses you have.
تا اندازهای میتوانی ریزها را بخوانی.
که مسئله غیر ممکن نام دارد.
figured out how to take a tiny molecule
چطور میشود یک مولکول کوچک را برداشت
the best microscope could see
بهترین میکروسکوپها میبینند کوچکتر است
are not so unbreakable after all."
اونطور هم شکسته نشدنی نباشند.»
in his friend's living room.
در اتاق نشیمن خانه دوستش سرهم کرد.
got different protein molecules
مولکولهای متفاوت پروتئین را
to turn very, very fuzzy blurs
تصاویر خیلی، خیلی تیره و تار را
of unprecedented and startling clarity.
شفافیت بیسابقه و شگفت انگیز تولید کند.
with unprecedented detail
که هیچوقت قبلا ندیدهایم،
a better handle on things like cancer.
برای چیز هایی مثل سرطان دارند.
Betzig was satisfied there?
that he invented were just too slow.
که ساخت خیلی کند بود.
if you take two very, very fine patterns
خیلی، خیلی ریز داشته باشید
be able to see.
to taking a really blurry image of a cell
تا یک تصویر واقعا مبهم سلول
light patterns across it
متعددی را در اطرافش جابجا کرد
که با سرعت حرکت میکنند
we don't know what they're doing.
we'll have a better handle on life itself.
درک بهتری از خود حیات خواهیم داشت.
green globs that you see?
that protect other molecules
hijack those to infect cells.
برای آلوده کردن سلولها آنها را میدزدند.
wormlike things moving around?
که پیچ و تاب میخورند را میبینید؟
also climb down those things
deep inside a cell,
چه اتفاقی در اعماق سلول میافتد،
of curing viral diseases like AIDS.
درمان بیماریهای ویروسی مانند ایدز داریم.
our eyes to a completely new world.
چشمان ما را به دنیایی کاملا جدید گشود.
any cherished beliefs.
مورد قبولی را از میان نبرد.
squirming with an interesting idea:
باعث ناراحتی محققین شده است:
think he's a crackpot.
consequence of living.
what we call free radicals.
رادیکالهای آزاد تولید میکند.
و موجب تغییر آن می شوند،
there is something called immortality:
به نام جاودانگی
into giant walking malignant tumors.
غده سرطانی بدخیم که راه میرود.
but could de Grey be on to something?
اما آیا دگری میتواند کاری بکند؟
seeing him as a crackpot.
که فرض کنم دیوانه است.
as a computer scientist,
به عنوان محقق رایانه شروع کرد،
in biology from Cambridge,
some very significant work
and a bunch of other stuff.
an antiaging foundation
seven different causes of aging,
of fixes for every single one of them.
is that our mitochondrial DNA mutates,
جهش دی ان ای میتوکندری ماست،
and our cells lose energy.
و سلولهایمان انرژی از دست می دهند.
a convincing case,
میتوانیم ژنها را مداوا کنیم،
is going to revolutionize our lifespans.
که دگری، طول عمر ما را خیلی تغییر میدهد.
and most of us are not lobsters.
و بیشترمون خرچنگ هم نیستیم.
Darwins and Einsteins out there,
بک جایی آنجا هستند،
alive today than during Darwin's time.
هفت برابر زمان داروین است.
alive today as Einstein.
چهار برابر زمان انشتین هستند.
in the population has skyrocketed,
به شدت بالا رفته،
that there's one of them out there
که یکی از اونها،
and I don't know about you,
نظر شما را نمیدانم،
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eric Haseltine - Author, futurist, innovatorEric Haseltine applies discoveries about the brain to innovation and forecasting game-changing advances in science and technology.
Why you should listen
Dr. Eric Haseltine is a neuroscientist and futurist who has applied a brain-centered approach to help organizations in aerospace, entertainment, healthcare, consumer products and national security transform and innovate. He is the author of Long Fuse, Big Bang: Achieving Long-Term Success Through Daily Victories. For five years, he wrote a monthly column on the brain for Discover magazine and is a frequent contributor to Psychology Today's web site, where his popular blog on the brain has garnered over 800,000 views. Haseltine received the Distinguished Psychologist in Management Award from the Society of Psychologists in Management and has published 41 patents and patent applications in optics, media and entertainment technology.
In 1992 he joined Walt Disney Imagineering to help found the Virtual Reality Studio, which he ultimately ran until his departure from Disney in 2002. When he left Disney, Haseltine was executive vice president of Imagineering and head of R&D for the entire Disney Corporation, including film, television, theme parks, Internet and consumer products.
In the aftermath of 9/11, Eric joined the National Security Agency to run its Research Directorate. Three years later, he was promoted to associate of director of National Intelligence, where he oversaw all science and technology efforts within the United States Intelligence Community as well as fostering development innovative new technologies for countering cyber threats and terrorism. For his work on counter-terrorism technologies, he received the National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal in 2007.
Haseltine serves on numerous boards, and is an active consultant, speaker and writer. Over the past three years, he has focused heavily on developing innovation strategies and consumer applications for the Internet of Things, virtual reality and augmented reality.
Haseltine continues to do basic research in neuroscience, with his most recent publications focusing on the mind-body health connection and exploitation of big-data to uncover subtle, but important trends in mental and physical health.
Eric Haseltine | Speaker | TED.com