Eric Haseltine: What will be the next big scientific breakthrough?
Eric Haseltine: Quelle sera la prochaine grande découverte scientifique ?
Eric Haseltine applies discoveries about the brain to innovation and forecasting game-changing advances in science and technology. Full bio
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my passion for science.
ma passion pour la science.
that takes baby steps.
qui avance lentement.
that takes enormous leaps.
qui avance très rapidement.
that turns the world on its head.
qui change le monde.
about two ideas that might do this.
qui pourraient avoir cet effet.
most are flat wrong,
sont fausses,
seldom have the impact
ont rarement l'impact
two ideas in particular,
j'ai choisi ces deux idées,
compulsively thorough doctor
et compulsivement rigoureux
sauf pour une chose.
peu après avoir accouché
soon after giving birth
at one of the clinics than at the other.
que dans l'autre.
what the difference was that caused this,
quelle était la cause de cela,
tout ce qu'il pouvait.
until he happened to autopsy a doctor
jusqu'à ce qu'il autopsie un docteur
to those of the mothers who were dying.
que ceux des mères qui mouraient.
les mêmes symptômes que des mères ?
get the same thing as new mothers?
everything the doctor had done
tout ce que le docteur fit dans la journée
that he'd been autopsying a corpse.
qu'il avait autopsié un cadavre.
in his wound that killed him?
dans sa blessure et l'aurait tué ?
for any connection he could
tous les liens possibles
and dead mothers in his delivery room,
les mères mortes en salle d’accouchement,
with the high death rate,
au taux de mortalité le plus élevé,
after autopsying corpses in the morgue.
à la morgue.
the doctors' hands
les mains des docteurs
to sterilize their hands,
de se stériliser les mains
had discovered infectious disease.
les maladies infectieuses.
thought he was crazy,
pensaient qu'il était fou,
and had for hundreds of years,
et depuis des centaines d'années,
called miasmas caused disease,
miasmes, causaient les maladies
that you couldn't see.
que l'on ne pouvait pas voir.
for Frenchman Louis Pasteur
why milk and beer spoiled so often.
la bière et le lait tournaient si souvent.
que les bactéries étaient les coupables.
could kill people in exactly the same way
pouvaient tuer les gens de la même façon
to talk about tonight, in two ideas.
je veux parler ce soir, en deux idées.
that he was a revolutionary.
qu'il était révolutionnaire.
to a completely new world.
sur un monde totalement neuf.
depuis les années 1680.
that bacteria killed people.
que les bactéries tuaient les gens.
that people kept close to their heart.
qui tenaient à cœur.
Bacteria killed people.
c'étaient les bactéries qui les tuaient.
I want to talk about tonight.
dont je veux parler ce soir.
to a completely new universe,
les yeux sur un monde nouveau,
to an entirely new world
qui nous a fait découvrir un monde
Bell Laboratory
au prestigieux laboratoire Bell
de nouveaux microscopes de biologie
were taking his brilliant inventions
prenaient ses brillantes inventions
for figuring out
des détails de plus en plus fins
to see finer and finer details
or ever could be seen.
ou ne le seraient jamais.
going to understand how cells work,
comment les cellules fonctionnent,
150th the size of a head of a pin
d'1/150ème d'une tête d'épingle
toutes ces choses merveilleuses,
called the law of physics,
les lois de la physique,
est la limite de diffraction.
is the thing called the diffraction limit.
comme quand vous allez chez le docteur
when you go to a doctor's office,
même avec de très bonnes lunettes.
no matter how good glasses you have.
« problème insoluble ».
figured out how to take a tiny molecule
comment une minuscule molécule,
the best microscope could see
et devenir fluorescente.
are not so unbreakable after all."
ne sont pas si inviolables après tout. »
in his friend's living room.
dans le salon de son ami.
got different protein molecules
utilisait divers molécules de protéines
to turn very, very fuzzy blurs
transformer des taches très très floues
of unprecedented and startling clarity.
images d'une clarté inégalée et étonnante.
with unprecedented detail
avec des détails sans précédent des choses
a better handle on things like cancer.
saisir des choses comme le cancer.
Betzig was satisfied there?
était satisfait de cela ?
that he invented were just too slow.
avait inventés étaient trop lents.
if you take two very, very fine patterns
si vous prenez deux motifs très très fins
be able to see.
to taking a really blurry image of a cell
une image de cellule très floue
light patterns across it
de motifs de lumière
parfaitement claire.
qui circulent
we don't know what they're doing.
que nous ne connaissons pas.
we'll have a better handle on life itself.
une meilleure idée de la vie elle-même.
green globs that you see?
ces globules verts à l'écran ?
that protect other molecules
qui en protègent d'autres
hijack those to infect cells.
parfois pour infecter les cellules.
wormlike things moving around?
en forme de vers de terre ?
also climb down those things
les virus redescendent ces choses
deep inside a cell,
of curing viral diseases like AIDS.
des maladies virales comme le SIDA.
our eyes to a completely new world.
nos yeux sur un nouveau monde.
any cherished beliefs.
de convictions.
squirming with an interesting idea:
avec une idée intéressante :
et vaincre le vieillissement.
pensent que c'est une idée saugrenue.
think he's a crackpot.
consequence of living.
une conséquence inévitable de la vie.
what we call free radicals.
le font muter,
c'est exactement comme
parce que vous rouillez.
there is something called immortality:
qu'il y a une chose appelée immortalité
into giant walking malignant tumors.
en une tumeur cancéreuse généralisée.
but could de Grey be on to something?
mais de Grey pourrait-il avoir raison ?
seeing him as a crackpot.
à le considérer comme un cinglé.
as a computer scientist,
comme informaticien,
in biology from Cambridge,
à Cambridge
some very significant work
and a bunch of other stuff.
et d'autres choses.
an antiaging foundation
une fondation anti-vieillissement
seven different causes of aging,
du vieillissement,
of fixes for every single one of them.
des solutions pour chacune d'elles.
is that our mitochondrial DNA mutates,
parce que notre ADN mitochondrial mute,
and our cells lose energy.
et nos cellules perdent de l'énergie.
a convincing case,
un argumentaire convaincant,
faire de la thérapie des gènes,
ne vieillissent pas du tout.
is going to revolutionize our lifespans.
va révolutionner notre espérance de vie.
and most of us are not lobsters.
ni des arbres, ni des homards.
Darwins and Einsteins out there,
et des Einstein ici-bas,
alive today than during Darwin's time.
aujourd'hui qu'à l'époque de Darwin.
alive today as Einstein.
aujourd'hui qu'à l'époque d'Einstein.
in the population has skyrocketed,
a monté en flèche,
sept millions de scientifiques.
that there's one of them out there
and I don't know about you,
et je ne sais pas pour vous,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eric Haseltine - Author, futurist, innovatorEric Haseltine applies discoveries about the brain to innovation and forecasting game-changing advances in science and technology.
Why you should listen
Dr. Eric Haseltine is a neuroscientist and futurist who has applied a brain-centered approach to help organizations in aerospace, entertainment, healthcare, consumer products and national security transform and innovate. He is the author of Long Fuse, Big Bang: Achieving Long-Term Success Through Daily Victories. For five years, he wrote a monthly column on the brain for Discover magazine and is a frequent contributor to Psychology Today's web site, where his popular blog on the brain has garnered over 800,000 views. Haseltine received the Distinguished Psychologist in Management Award from the Society of Psychologists in Management and has published 41 patents and patent applications in optics, media and entertainment technology.
In 1992 he joined Walt Disney Imagineering to help found the Virtual Reality Studio, which he ultimately ran until his departure from Disney in 2002. When he left Disney, Haseltine was executive vice president of Imagineering and head of R&D for the entire Disney Corporation, including film, television, theme parks, Internet and consumer products.
In the aftermath of 9/11, Eric joined the National Security Agency to run its Research Directorate. Three years later, he was promoted to associate of director of National Intelligence, where he oversaw all science and technology efforts within the United States Intelligence Community as well as fostering development innovative new technologies for countering cyber threats and terrorism. For his work on counter-terrorism technologies, he received the National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal in 2007.
Haseltine serves on numerous boards, and is an active consultant, speaker and writer. Over the past three years, he has focused heavily on developing innovation strategies and consumer applications for the Internet of Things, virtual reality and augmented reality.
Haseltine continues to do basic research in neuroscience, with his most recent publications focusing on the mind-body health connection and exploitation of big-data to uncover subtle, but important trends in mental and physical health.
Eric Haseltine | Speaker | TED.com