TEDxCHUV
Daphne Bavelier: Your brain on video games
Daphne Bavelier: Videoxogos e cerebro
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Como afectan os videoxogos de acción ao cerebro? Entramos no laboratorio con Daphne Bavelier, neurocientífica cognitiva, para descubrir cousas sorprendentes sobre como os videoxogos, mesmo os de acción e tiros, poden axudarnos a aprender, a centrar a atención e mesmo a facer varias cousas a un tempo. (Filmado por TEDxCHUV.)
Daphne Bavelier - Cognitive researcher
Daphne Bavelier studies how the brain adapts to changes in experience, either by nature or by training. Full bio
Daphne Bavelier studies how the brain adapts to changes in experience, either by nature or by training. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I'm a brain scientist, and as a brain scientist,
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Eu son neurocientífica, e como tal
00:19
I'm actually interested in how the brain learns,
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interésame saber cómo
aprende o cerebro,
aprende o cerebro,
00:22
and I'm especially interested in a possibility of
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especialmente a posibilidade
00:26
making our brains smarter, better and faster.
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de facer os nosos cerebros máis
eficaces, mellores e máis rápidos.
eficaces, mellores e máis rápidos.
00:30
This is in this context I'm going to tell you
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Neste contexto voulles falar
00:33
about video games. When we say video games,
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sobre os videoxogos. Cando
falamos de videoxogos
falamos de videoxogos
00:36
most of you think about children.
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moitos de vostedes xa están
pensando en nenos.
pensando en nenos.
00:38
It's true. Ninety percent of children do play video games.
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Non lles falta razón. O noventa por cento
dos nenos xogan con eles.
dos nenos xogan con eles.
00:42
But let's be frank.
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Pero sexamos sinceros.
00:45
When the kids are in bed, who is in front of the PlayStation?
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Cando os nenos van para a cama,
quen queda diante da PlayStation?
quen queda diante da PlayStation?
00:50
Most of you. The average age of a gamer is 33 years old,
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Moitos de vostedes.
A idade media dos xogadores
é de 33 anos, non de oito;
é de 33 anos, non de oito;
00:57
not eight years old, and in fact, if we look
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de feito, se miramos as
proxeccións demográficas
proxeccións demográficas
01:00
at the projected demographics of video game play,
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dos videoxogos,
01:03
the video game players of tomorrow are
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os videoxogadores do mañá serán os vellos.
01:06
older adults. (Laughter)
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(Risas)
01:09
So video [gaming] is pervasive throughout our society.
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En suma, os videoxogos
xa son omnipresentes.
xa son omnipresentes.
01:13
It is clearly here to stay. It has an amazing impact
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Están aquí para quedar.
Teñen un impacto enorme
na nosa vida diaria.
na nosa vida diaria.
01:18
on our everyday life. Consider these statistics
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Vexan estas estatísticas
facilitadas por Activision.
facilitadas por Activision.
01:21
released by Activision. After one month of release
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Ao cabo dun mes do seu lanzamento,
01:27
of the game "Call Of Duty: Black Ops," it had been played
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o xogo "Call Of Duty: Black Ops"
xa se xogara durante 68.000 anos
01:31
for 68,000 years
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01:35
worldwide, right?
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en todo o mundo.
01:37
Would any of you complain if this was the case
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Alguén se preocuparía se fosen
exercicios de álxebra lineal?
exercicios de álxebra lineal?
01:40
about doing linear algebra?
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01:43
So what we are asking in the lab is, how can we leverage that power?
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Así que no laboratorio
preguntámonos cómo
aproveitar esa potencia.
aproveitar esa potencia.
01:47
Now I want to step back a bit.
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Pero volvamos un paso atrás.
01:49
I know most of you have had the experience of coming back
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Seguro que máis dunha vez ao chegar á casa
01:52
home and finding your kids playing these kinds of games.
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atoparon aos nenos
diante destes videoxogos.
diante destes videoxogos.
(Disparos)
01:57
(Shooting noises) The name of the game is to get
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O obxectivo deste xogo é
01:59
after your enemy zombie bad guys
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pillar aos enemigos zombies
02:02
before they get to you, right?
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antes que te collan eles a ti.
02:06
And I'm almost sure most of you have thought,
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E case seguro que a maioría
de vostedes pensaron:
de vostedes pensaron:
02:09
"Oh, come on, can't you do something more intelligent
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Veña, non podes facer algo
mais intelixente
mais intelixente
02:12
than shooting at zombies?"
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que matar zombis?
02:15
I'd like you to put this kind of knee-jerk reaction
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Gustaríame que comparasen
esta reacción instintiva
esta reacción instintiva
02:19
in the context of what you would have thought
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co que pensarían
02:21
if you had found your girl playing sudoku
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se atopasen á súa filla facendo un sudoku
02:25
or your boy reading Shakespeare. Right?
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ou ao seu fillo lendo a Shakespeare.
02:29
Most parents would find that great.
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Moitos pais consideraríano xenial.
02:32
Well, I'm not going to tell you that playing video games
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Vale, non lles vou dicir que
xogar cos videoxogos
xogar cos videoxogos
02:35
days in and days out is actually good for your health.
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todo o día sexa bo para a saúde.
02:38
It's not, and binging is never good.
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Claro que non, abusar nunca é bo.
02:42
But I'm going to argue that in reasonable doses,
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Pero si defendo que en doses razoables,
02:46
actually the very game I showed you at the beginning,
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xogos como o que lles amosei antes,
02:48
those action-packed shooter games
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eses xogos de acción e disparos,
02:51
have quite powerful effects and positive effects
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teñen efectos bastante potentes,
efectos positivos,
02:55
on many different aspects of our behavior.
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en moitos aspectos do comportamento.
02:59
There's not one week that goes without some major
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Non hai semana que non nos atopemos
con grandes titulares na prensa
03:02
headlines in the media about whether video games are
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sobre se os videoxogos son bos ou malos.
03:05
good or bad for you, right? You're all bombarded with that.
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Bombardéannos con eles.
03:10
I'd like to put this kind of Friday night bar discussion aside
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Gustaríame sacar este asunto
do faladoiro de café
do faladoiro de café
03:15
and get you to actually step into the lab.
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e que entremos no laboratorio.
03:19
What we do in the lab is actually measure directly,
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O que facemos alí e medir
directamente, cuantitativamente,
03:21
in a quantitative fashion, what is the impact
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o impacto dos videoxogos no cerebro.
03:24
of video games on the brain.
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03:27
And so I'm going to take a few examples from our work.
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Voulles amosar algúns exemplos
deste traballo.
deste traballo.
03:30
One first saying that I'm sure you all have heard
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En primeiro lugar, seguro que oíron
máis dunha vez
máis dunha vez
03:33
is the fact that too much screen time
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que botar moito tempo
diante da pantalla
diante da pantalla
03:35
makes your eyesight worse.
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prexudica a vista.
03:38
That's a statement about vision.
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Unha afirmación acerca da visión.
Seguro que aquí hai alguén que
investiga sobre a visión.
investiga sobre a visión.
03:40
There may be vision scientists among you.
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03:43
We actually know how to test that statement.
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Pois podemos poñer a proba
esta afirmación.
esta afirmación.
Podemos ir ao laboratorio e medir
cómo andamos da vista.
cómo andamos da vista.
03:46
We can step into the lab and measure how good your vision is.
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03:49
Well, guess what? People that don't play a lot
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E saben o que atopamos?
As persoas que non xogan
moito con videoxogos,
moito con videoxogos,
03:53
of action games, that don't actually spend a lot of time
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que non botan moito tempo
diante da pantalla,
diante da pantalla,
03:56
in front of screens, have normal, or what we call
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teñen unha vista normal.
03:59
corrective-to-normal vision. That's okay.
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Correcto.
04:02
The issue is what happens with these guys that actually
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O caso é qué pasa con eses outros
04:04
indulge into playing video games like five hours per week,
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que botan 5, 10 ou 15 horas á semana
cos videoxogos.
cos videoxogos.
04:08
10 hours per week, 15 hours per week.
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Debemos supoñer que teñen a vista fatal.
04:10
By that statement, their vision should be really bad, right?
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04:13
Guess what? Their vision is really, really good.
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Pois saiban que a súa vista é moi boa.
04:16
It's better than those that don't play.
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Mellor que a dos que non xogan.
04:18
And it's better in two different ways.
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E é mellor en dous aspectos.
04:20
The first way is that they're actually able to resolve
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O primeiro, que captan mellor os detalles
04:23
small detail in the context of clutter, and though that means
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nun contexto desordenado,
o que significa que son quen
04:26
being able to read the fine print on a prescription
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de ler a letra pequena dunha etiqueta
04:30
rather than using magnifier glasses, you can actually do it
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sen ter que usar unha lupa,
poden lela a simple vista.
04:34
with just your eyesight.
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04:36
The other way that they are better is actually being able
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A outra cousa que fan mellor
é distinguir niveis de grises.
04:39
to resolve different levels of gray.
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Imaxínense conducindo con néboa.
04:42
Imagine you're driving in a fog. That makes a difference
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Iso marcará a diferenza entre ver
ou non o coche que vén de fronte,
ou non o coche que vén de fronte,
04:45
between seeing the car in front of you
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04:47
and avoiding the accident, or getting into an accident.
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entre ter ou non un accidente.
04:51
So we're actually leveraging that work to develop games
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Así que estamos a traballar
no deseño de xogos
04:54
for patients with low vision, and to have an impact
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para pacientes con baixa visión,
para readestrar o cerebro
e mellorar a vista.
e mellorar a vista.
04:59
on retraining their brain to see better.
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05:02
Clearly, when it comes to action video games,
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En resumo, que o tempo diante da pantalla
05:06
screen time doesn't make your eyesight worse.
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con videoxogos de acción,
non lle fai dano á vista.
non lle fai dano á vista.
05:08
Another saying that I'm sure you have all heard around:
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Outra afirmación que seguro que oíron:
05:12
Video games lead to attention problems and greater distractability.
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os videoxogos provocan problemas
de atención e distractibilidade.
de atención e distractibilidade.
05:17
Okay, we know how to measure attention in the lab.
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Pois no laboratorio podemos
medir a atención.
medir a atención.
05:21
I'm actually going to give you an example of how we do so.
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Voulles poñer un exemplo de cómo facemos.
05:24
I'm going to ask you to participate, so you're going to have
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Voulles pedir que participen,
05:27
to actually play the game with me. I'm going to show you
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teñen que xogar comigo.
Voulles amosar palabras de cores.
05:30
colored words. I want you to shout out the color of the ink.
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Teñen que dicirme a cor da tinta.
05:35
Right? So this is the first example.
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Aquí está o primeiro exemplo.
05:39
["Chair"]
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["Cadeira"]
05:40
Orange, good. ["Table"] Green.
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Laranxa, correcto. ["Mesa"] Verde.
05:43
["Board"] Audience: Red.Daphne Bavelier: Red.
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["Taboleiro"] Público: vermello
Daphne Bavelier: vermello
Daphne Bavelier: vermello
05:44
["Horse"] DB: Yellow. Audience: Yellow.
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["Cabalo"] DB: marelo. Público: marelo.
05:46
["Yellow"] DB: Red. Audience: Yellow.
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["Marelo"] DB: voxo. Público: marelo.
05:47
["Blue"] DB: Yellow.
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["Azul"] DB: marelo.
05:49
Okay, you get my point, right? (Laughter)
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(Risas)
Vale, collérono, non si?
05:55
You're getting better, but it's hard. Why is it hard?
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Van mellorando, pero é difícil. Por que?
05:58
Because I introduced a conflict between
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Porque introducín un conflito entre
06:02
the word itself and its color.
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o significado da palabra e a súa cor.
06:05
How good your attention is determines actually how fast
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O que determina a rapidez en resolver
o conflito é o boa que sexa a atención,
o conflito é o boa que sexa a atención,
06:08
you resolve that conflict, so the young guys here
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así que os máis novos aquí,
06:11
at the top of their game probably, like, did a little better
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probablemente o fixeron un pouco mellor
06:13
than some of us that are older.
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que os que somos máis vellos.
O que vemos con este tipo de tarefa
06:16
What we can show is that when you do this kind of task
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é que as persoas que xogan moito
con videoxogos de acción
con videoxogos de acción
06:18
with people that play a lot of action games,
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06:20
they actually resolve the conflict faster.
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son máis rápidas resolvendo o conflito.
06:23
So clearly playing those action games doesn't lead
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Así que está claro que
os videoxogos de acción
os videoxogos de acción
non provocan problemas de atención.
06:26
to attention problems.
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06:29
Actually, those action video game players have
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En realidade, estes videoxogadores
teñen moitas outras vantaxes
en termos de atención,
en termos de atención,
06:31
many other advantages in terms of attention, and one
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06:33
aspect of attention which is also improved for the better
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e un aspecto no que melloran
06:36
is our ability to track objects around in the world.
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é a capacidade para seguir
obxectos coa vista.
obxectos coa vista.
06:41
This is something we use all the time. When you're driving,
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Facemos isto todo o tempo.
Cando conducen,
Cando conducen,
06:43
you're tracking, keeping track of the cars around you.
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seguen coa vista os coches de arredor.
06:47
You're also keeping track of the pedestrian, the running dog,
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Seguen coa vista ao peón,
o can que pasa a correr,
06:50
and that's how you can actually be safe driving, right?
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e iso chámase conducir ben.
06:53
In the lab, we get people to come to the lab,
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Cando a xente vén ao laboratorio,
06:56
sit in front of a computer screen, and we give them
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sentámolos diante dunha pantalla
e poñémoslles tarefas como esta
que lles propoño agora.
que lles propoño agora.
06:58
little tasks that I'm going to get you to do again.
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07:01
You're going to see yellow happy faces
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Van ver caras marelas ledas
07:04
and a few sad blue faces. These are children
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e algunhas caras azuis tristes.
Son nenos no recreo,
en Xenebra no inverno.
en Xenebra no inverno.
07:08
in the schoolyard in Geneva during a recess
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07:11
during the winter. Most kids are happy. It's actually recess.
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Os máis deles están ledos. É o recreo.
07:16
But a few kids are sad and blue because they've forgotten their coat.
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Pero algúns están tristes e azuis
porque esqueceron o abrigo.
porque esqueceron o abrigo.
07:19
Everybody begins to move around, and your task
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Todos empezan a moverse,
e a súa tarefa é
07:22
is to keep track of who had a coat at the beginning
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identificar aos que tiñan abrigo
ao comezo e aos que non.
ao comezo e aos que non.
07:25
and who didn't. So I'm just going to show you an example
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Voulles poñer un exemplo
07:28
where there is only one sad kid. It's easy because you can
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no que só hai un neno triste.
É doado, poden seguilo coa vista.
07:31
actually track it with your eyes. You can track,
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07:33
you can track, and then when it stops, and there is
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Ségueno e, cando para,
aparece unha interrogación
aparece unha interrogación
07:35
a question mark, and I ask you, did this kid have a coat or not?
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e pregúntolles: este neno levaba
ou non o abrigo?
ou non o abrigo?
07:39
Was it yellow initially or blue?
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Era marelo ou azul ao comezo?
07:42
I hear a few yellow. Good. So most of you have a brain. (Laughter)
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Oio algúns marelos. Ben. A maioría
teñen cerebro.
teñen cerebro.
07:46
I'm now going to ask you to do the task, but now with
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Ímolo facer de novo, pero agora
un pouco máis difícil.
un pouco máis difícil.
07:51
a little more challenging task. There are going to be
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Vai haber tres azuis.
07:53
three of them that are blue. Don't move your eyes.
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Non movan os ollos.
07:56
Please don't move your eyes. Keep your eyes fixated
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Por favor, non movan os ollos.
Mantéñanos fixos e expandan a atención.
07:58
and expand, pull your attention. That's the only way
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É a única forma de facelo.
08:01
you can actually do it. If you move your eyes, you're doomed.
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Se moven os ollos perden.
08:04
Yellow or blue?
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Marelo ou azul?
08:05
Audience: Yellow.DB: Good.
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Público: marelo. DB: correcto.
08:07
So your typical normal young adult
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Ou sexa, que un mozo adulto típico
08:09
can have a span of about three or four objects of attention.
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pode atender a tres ou catro
obxectos a un tempo.
obxectos a un tempo.
08:13
That's what we just did. Your action video game player
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É o que acabamos de facer.
Pero un xogador de videoxogos
08:16
has a span of about six to seven objects of attention,
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pode atender a seis ou sete,
08:19
which is what is shown in this video here.
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que son os que aparecen neste vídeo.
08:22
That's for you guys, action video game players.
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Isto é para os videoxogadores do público.
08:25
A bit more challenging, right? (Laughter)
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Un chisco máis difícil, non si? (Risas)
08:27
Yellow or blue? Blue. We have some people
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Marelo ou azul?
Azul. Hai algúns bos entre o público, si.
08:31
that are serious out there. Yeah. (Laughter)
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08:34
Good. So in the same way that we actually see
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Ben. Igual que estamos a ver
08:38
the effects of video games on people's behavior,
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os efectos dos videoxogos na conduta,
08:41
we can use brain imaging and look at the impact
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podemos usar a neuroimaxe para estudar
08:44
of video games on the brain, and we do find many changes,
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o impacto dos videoxogos no cerebro.
E atopamos moitos cambios,
08:48
but the main changes are actually to the brain networks
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pero os máis importantes están nas redes
neuronais de control da atención.
neuronais de control da atención.
08:51
that control attention. So one part is the parietal cortex
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Unha parte é córtex parietal,
que controla a orientación da atención.
que controla a orientación da atención.
08:56
which is very well known to control the orientation of attention.
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09:00
The other one is the frontal lobe, which controls
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Outra é lobo frontal, que controla
o mantemento da atención,
o mantemento da atención,
09:02
how we sustain attention, and another one
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e outra o xiro cingular anterior,
que controla
que controla
09:05
is the anterior cingulate, which controls how we allocate
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cómo localizamos e regulamos a atención
09:07
and regulate attention and resolve conflict.
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e resolvemos os conflitos.
09:11
Now, when we do brain imaging, we find that all three
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Coa neuroimaxe atopamos
que estas tres redes son
moito máis eficientes
moito máis eficientes
09:14
of these networks are actually much more efficient
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09:17
in people that play action games.
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na xente que xoga a videoxogos de acción.
09:20
This actually leads me to a rather counterintuitive finding
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O que nos leva a un resultado
contraintuitivo
contraintuitivo
09:24
in the literature about technology and the brain.
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na literatura sobre a tecnoloxía
e o cerebro.
e o cerebro.
09:28
You all know about multitasking. You all have been faulty
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Todos vostedes oíron falar da multitarefa.
Todos caen nela
09:32
of multitasking when you're driving
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cando conducen e collen o móbil.
09:34
and you pick up your cellphone. Bad idea. Very bad idea.
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Mala idea, moi mala.
09:39
Why? Because as your attention shifts to your cell phone,
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Por que?
Porque cando a atención
se desvía cara ao móbil,
se desvía cara ao móbil,
09:43
you are actually losing the capacity to react swiftly
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Pérdese capacidade para
reaccionar con rapidez
reaccionar con rapidez
09:47
to the car braking in front of you, and so you're
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cando o coche de diante frea,
e aumenta o risco de ter un accidente.
09:50
much more likely to get engaged into a car accident.
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09:55
Now, we can measure that kind of skills in the lab.
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No laboratorio podemos medir
este tipo de habilidades.
este tipo de habilidades.
09:58
We obviously don't ask people to drive around and see
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Claro que non lle pedimos
á xente que conduza
á xente que conduza
10:01
how many car accidents they have. That would be a little
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para ver cantos accidentes teñen.
Iso sería un tanto caro.
10:03
costly proposition. But we design tasks on the computer
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Pero deseñamos probas de ordenador
10:06
where we can measure, to millisecond accuracy,
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coas que medimos, con precisión
de milisegundos
de milisegundos
10:10
how good they are at switching from one task to another.
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o bos que son cambiando
dunha tarefa a outra.
dunha tarefa a outra.
10:14
When we do that, we actually find that people
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Cando o facemos, atopamos que a xente
10:17
that play a lot of action games are really, really good.
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que xoga a xogos de acción e moi, moi boa.
10:20
They switch really fast, very swiftly. They pay a very small cost.
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Cambian moi rápido. E cun custo moi baixo.
10:24
Now I'd like you to remember that result, and put it
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Agora quero que lembren este resultado
e pensen nel en relación con outro grupo
de usuarios de novas tecnoloxías,
de usuarios de novas tecnoloxías,
10:27
in the context of another group of technology users,
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10:31
a group which is actually much revered by society,
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un grupo moi admirado nesta sociedade,
10:33
which are people that engage in multimedia-tasking.
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a xente multitarefa con distintos medios.
10:38
What is multimedia-tasking? It's the fact that most of us,
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Que é ser multitarefa? É o que fan
moitos de vostedes,
moitos de vostedes,
10:41
most of our children, are engaged with listening to music
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moitos dos nosos fillos,
que escoitan música ao tempo que
10:45
at the same time as they're doing search on the web
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navegan por internet
10:47
at the same time as they're chatting on Facebook with their friends.
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e que charlan no Facebook cos amigos.
10:51
That's a multimedia-tasker.
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Iso é ser multitarefa.
10:53
There was a first study done by colleagues at Stanford
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Uns colegas de Stanford fixeron un estudo
10:57
and that we replicated that showed that
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que nós replicamos, e que amosa que
10:59
those people that identify as being high multimedia-taskers
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a xente que se identifica como multitarefa
11:04
are absolutely abysmal at multitasking.
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en realidade son moi malos niso.
11:08
When we measure them in the lab, they're really bad.
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Cando os medimos no laboratorio,
son realmente malos.
son realmente malos.
11:10
Right? So these kinds of results really
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Ben, pois estes resultados
11:13
makes two main points.
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demostran dúas cousas.
11:15
The first one is that not all media are created equal.
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A primeira é que non todos
os medios son iguais.
os medios son iguais.
11:19
You can't compare the effect of multimedia-tasking
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Non se pode comparar
o efecto da multitarefa
o efecto da multitarefa
11:24
and the effect of playing action games. They have
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co dos videoxogos de acción.
11:25
totally different effects on different aspects of cognition,
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Teñen efectos totalmente distintos
en diferentes aspectos
en diferentes aspectos
da cognición, a percepción e a atención.
11:29
perception and attention.
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11:32
Even within video games, I'm telling you right now
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Mesmo entre os videoxogos,
eu estoulles a falar dos de acción.
11:35
about these action-packed video games.
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11:36
Different video games have a different effect on your brains.
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Distintos videoxogos teñen
efectos distintos no cerebro.
efectos distintos no cerebro.
11:40
So we actually need to step into the lab and really measure
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Así que temos que ir ao laboratorio
e medir o efecto de cada un deles.
11:42
what is the effect of each video game.
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11:45
The other lesson is that general wisdom carries no weight.
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A outra lección é que o saber popular
non sempre acerta.
non sempre acerta.
11:49
I showed that to you already, like we looked at the fact that
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Como veño de explicarlles,
podemos ver que malia pasar
tanto tempo diante da pantalla
tanto tempo diante da pantalla
11:52
despite a lot of screen time, those action gamers
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os videoxogadores de acción
teñen boa vista.
teñen boa vista.
11:55
have a lot of very good vision, etc.
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11:59
Here, what was really striking is that these undergraduates
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Pero o realmente rechamante
é que eses estudantes
é que eses estudantes
12:02
that actually report engaging in a lot of high
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que se autodefinen como multitarefa
12:05
multimedia-tasking are convinced they aced the test.
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están convencidos de que bordaron o test.
12:10
So you show them their data, you show them they are bad
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Así que cando lles amosas os datos,
o malos que son,
o malos que son,
12:12
and they're like, "Not possible." You know, they have
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din "Imposible!".
Están convencidos de que
o fixeron moi ben.
o fixeron moi ben.
12:15
this sort of gut feeling that, really, they are doing really, really good.
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12:19
That's another argument for why we need to step into the lab
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Esta é outra razón pola que convén
pasar ao laboratorio
pasar ao laboratorio
12:22
and really measure the impact of technology on the brain.
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e medir o impacto da tecnoloxía
sobre o cerebro.
sobre o cerebro.
12:26
Now in a sense, when we think about the effect
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Dalgún xeito, podemos pensar que
o efecto dos videoxogos
no cerebro é semellante
no cerebro é semellante
12:30
of video games on the brain, it's very similar
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734755
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12:33
to the effect of wine on the health.
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ao efecto do viño sobre a saúde.
12:36
There are some very poor uses of wine. There are some
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Hai formas moi prexudiciais de beber.
E hainas tamén no uso dos videoxogos.
12:40
very poor uses of video games. But when consumed
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Pero consumido en doses razoables,
12:44
in reasonable doses, and at the right age,
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e á idade adecuada,
12:47
wine can be very good for health. There are actually
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pode ser bo para a saúde.
De feito hai certas moléculas
12:51
specific molecules that have been identified
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12:54
in red wine as leading to greater life expectancy.
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no viño tinto
que parecen aumentar a esperanza de vida.
13:00
So it's the same way, like those action video games
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Do mesmo xeito, os videoxogos de acción
13:03
have a number of ingredients that are actually really
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teñen certos ingredientes moi bos
13:05
powerful for brain plasticity, learning, attention,
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para a plasticidade cerebral,
a aprendizaxe, a atención, a visión, etc.
a aprendizaxe, a atención, a visión, etc.
13:09
vision, etc., and so we need and we're working on
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así que o que necesitamos e
o que estamos a facer
o que estamos a facer
13:12
understanding what are those active ingredients so that
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é identificar cales son eses ingredientes
13:15
we can really then leverage them to deliver better games,
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de modo que poidamos aproveitalos
para crear videoxogos
para crear videoxogos
13:19
either for education or for rehabilitation of patients.
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no campo da educación ou
da rehabilitación de doentes.
da rehabilitación de doentes.
13:23
Now because we are interested in having an impact
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Posto que o que nos interesa é mellorar
13:27
for education or rehabilitation of patients, we are actually
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a educación ou a rehabilitación,
13:29
not that interested in how those of you that choose
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non nos interesan aqueles de vostedes
13:33
to play video games for many hours on end perform.
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que xogan durante horas e horas.
13:37
I'm much more interested in taking any of you
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Interésanos mais convencer
a algúns de vostedes
a algúns de vostedes
13:40
and showing that by forcing you to play an action game,
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de que xogando a videoxogos de acción
13:44
I can actually change your vision for the better,
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pode mellorarlle a vista
13:47
whether you want to play that action game or not, right?
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tanto se lle gusta xogar como se non.
13:49
That's the point of rehabilitation or education.
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Aí está a cousa na rehabilitación
ou na educación.
ou na educación.
13:52
Most of the kids don't go to school saying,
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A maioría dos nenos non van á escola
13:54
"Great, two hours of math!"
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dicindo "Xenial, dúas
horas de matemáticas!"
horas de matemáticas!"
13:56
So that's really the crux of the research, and to do that,
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Así que este é o reto da investigación,
14:01
we need to go one more step.
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e para conseguilo temos que
avanzar outro paso.
avanzar outro paso.
14:03
And one more step is to do training studies.
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Ese outro paso é facer estudos
de adestramento.
de adestramento.
14:06
So let me illustrate that step with
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Deixen que lles explique este paso
cunha tarefa que chamamos
de rotación mental.
de rotación mental.
14:10
a task which is called mental rotation.
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14:13
Mental rotation is a task where I'm going to ask you,
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A rotación mental é unha tarefa,
na que lles pedimos,
na que lles pedimos,
14:18
and again you're going to do the task,
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e voulles poñer a tarefa aquí,
14:19
to look at this shape. Study it, it's a target shape,
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que miren para esta figura;
estúdena, é a figura obxectivo,
estúdena, é a figura obxectivo,
14:23
and I'm going to present to you four different shapes.
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e agora preséntolles outras catro figuras.
14:26
One of these four different shapes is actually a rotated
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Unha é unha imaxe rotada da primeira.
14:29
version of this shape. I want you to tell me which one:
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E teñen que dicirme cal delas é:
14:33
the first one, second one, third one or fourth one?
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A primeira, a segunda,
a terceira ou a cuarta?
a terceira ou a cuarta?
14:38
Okay, I'll help you. Fourth one.
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Vale, axúdolles: é a cuarta.
14:41
One more. Get those brains working. Come on.
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Outra vez. Poñan os cerebros a funcionar.
14:45
That's our target shape.
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Esta é a figura obxectivo.
14:50
Third. Good! This is hard, right?
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A terceira. Correcto!
É difícil, non si?
14:54
Like, the reason that I asked you to do that is because
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Púxenlles esta proba porque
14:55
you really feel your brain cringing, right?
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con ela nótase como renxe o cerebro.
14:58
It doesn't really feel like playing mindless action video games.
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Non é como eses videoxogos de acción
sen sentido.
sen sentido.
15:02
Well, what we do in these training studies is, people
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Ben, o que facemos nos
estudos de adestramento
estudos de adestramento
é traer á xente ao laboratorio
a facer tarefas como esta,
a facer tarefas como esta,
15:04
come to the lab, they do tasks like this one,
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15:07
we then force them to play 10 hours of action games.
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Logo obrigámolos a xogar a
videoxogos de acción durante dez horas.
videoxogos de acción durante dez horas.
15:11
They don't play 10 hours of action games in a row.
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Non xogan dez horas seguidas.
15:14
They do distributed practice, so little shots of 40 minutes
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Xogan durante intervalos de 40 minutos
15:17
several days over a period of two weeks.
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varios días ao longo de dúas semanas.
15:21
Then, once they are done with the training, they come back
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Despois deste adestramento,
15:23
a few days later and they are tested again on a similar type
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volven uns días máis tarde
e fan de novo a tarefa de rotación mental.
15:27
of mental rotation task. So this is work from a colleague
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Este estudo fíxoo un colega de Toronto.
15:31
in Toronto. What they showed is that, initially,
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E amosou que, inicialmente,
15:33
you know, subjects perform where they are expected
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os participantes renderon na tarefa como
se esperaba de acordo á súa idade.
se esperaba de acordo á súa idade.
15:36
to perform given their age. After two weeks of training
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Despois das dúas semanas de
adestramento cos videoxogos de acción,
adestramento cos videoxogos de acción,
15:41
on action video games, they actually perform better,
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3856
fixérono mellor,
15:45
and the improvement is still there five months after
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e a melloría seguía presente
cinco meses despois.
cinco meses despois.
15:50
having done the training. That's really, really important.
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Isto é realmente importante.
15:53
Why? Because I told you we want to use these games
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Por que? porque se queremos
usar estes xogos
usar estes xogos
15:55
for education or for rehabilitation. We need to have effects
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3200
para a educación e para a rehabilitación,
necesitamos saber qué efectos
teñen a longo prazo.
teñen a longo prazo.
15:58
that are going to be long-lasting.
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2936
16:01
Now, at this point, a number of you are probably wondering
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Chegado este punto, moitos de vostedes
estarán preguntándose
estarán preguntándose
16:04
well, what are you waiting for, to put on the market
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3633
qué esperamos para lanzar ao mercado
16:08
a game that would be good for the attention
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2552
un xogo que mellore
a atención da miña avoa
a atención da miña avoa
16:10
of my grandmother and that she would actually enjoy,
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e co que ademais se divirta.
16:14
or a game that would be great to rehabilitate the vision
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2583
ou un xogo xenial para rehabilitar a vista
16:17
of my grandson who has amblyopia, for example?
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do meu neto que ten ambliopía, por exemplo.
16:20
Well, we're working on it, but here is a challenge.
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Ben, estamos a traballar niso,
pero aquí topamos cun reto.
16:25
There are brain scientists like me that are beginning
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Hai neurocientíficos coma min
que empezamos a entender
que empezamos a entender
16:27
to understand what are the good ingredients in games
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cales son os ingredientes bos dos videoxogos
16:30
to promote positive effects, and that's what I'm going
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para promover efectos positivos,
o que eu chamo o lado brócoli da ecuación.
16:33
to call the broccoli side of the equation.
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3574
16:37
There is an entertainment software industry
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Hai unha industria do software
de entretemento
de entretemento
16:40
which is extremely deft at coming up with
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extremadamente eficaz lanzando
16:44
appealing products that you can't resist.
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4144
produtos aos que non podemos resistirnos.
16:48
That's the chocolate side of the equation.
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É o lado chocolate da ecuación.
16:52
The issue is we need to put the two together,
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A cousa é que necesitamos xuntalos,
16:55
and it's a little bit like with food.
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2256
e vén sendo como coa comida.
16:57
Who really wants to eat chocolate-covered broccoli?
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3641
A quen lle gusta o brócoli con chocolate?
17:00
None of you. (Laughter) And you probably have had
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A ninguén.
E seguro que tiveron esa sensación
17:03
that feeling, right, picking up an education game
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ao xogar cun xogo educativo,
17:05
and sort of feeling, hmm, you know, it's not really fun,
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esa sensación de, mmm,
non é entretido, non engancha.
17:08
it's not really engaging. So what we need
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2417
O que precisamos é unha
marca nova de chocolate,
marca nova de chocolate,
17:11
is really a new brand of chocolate, a brand of chocolate
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3351
unha marca irresistible,
á que de verdade queiramos xogar
á que de verdade queiramos xogar
17:14
that is irresistible, that you really want to play,
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4011
17:18
but that has all the ingredients, the good ingredients
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pero que teña todos os bos
ingredientes do brócoli,
ingredientes do brócoli,
17:21
that are extracted from the broccoli that you can't recognize
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3228
que non o notemos
pero que funcionen no cerebro.
17:24
but are still working on your brains. And we're working on it,
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Estamos traballando niso,
17:27
but it takes brain scientists to come and to get together,
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pero iso require xuntar
aos neurocientíficos
17:32
people that work in the entertainment software industry,
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coa xente da industria do software
de entretemento
de entretemento
17:35
and publishers, so these are not people that usually
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e cos editores,
e esa non é xente que
se xunte habitualmente.
se xunte habitualmente.
17:37
meet every day, but it's actually doable,
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Pero é posible,
17:40
and we are on the right track.
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e estamos nesa liña.
Gustaríame que queden con esa idea,
17:42
I'd like to leave you with that thought,
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17:44
and thank you for your attention. (Applause)
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e grazas pola súa atención. (Aplausos)
17:48
(Applause)
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4000
(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daphne Bavelier - Cognitive researcherDaphne Bavelier studies how the brain adapts to changes in experience, either by nature or by training.
Why you should listen
Daphne Bavelier studies how humans learn -- in particular, how the brain adapts to changes in experience, either by nature (for example, deafness) or by training (for example, playing video games). At her lab, her work shows that playing fast-paced, action-packed entertainment video games typically thought to be mind-numbing actually benefits several aspects of behavior. Exploiting this counterintuitive finding, her lab now investigates how new media, such as video games, can be leveraged to foster learning and brain plasticity.
Daphne Bavelier | Speaker | TED.com