TED2010
Denis Dutton: A Darwinian theory of beauty
Dennis Dutton: Darwinova teorija ljepote
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TED surađuje s animatorom Andrew Parkom kako bi ilustrirao Dennis Duttonovu provokativnu teoriju ljepote -- kako umjetnost, glazba i druge lijepe stvari, koje su daleko od jednostavnih "u očima promatrača", jesu sržni dio ljudske prirode s dubokim evolutivnim korijenima.
Denis Dutton - Philosopher
Denis Dutton was a philosophy professor and the editor of Arts & Letters Daily. In his book The Art Instinct, he suggested that humans are hard-wired to seek beauty. Full bio
Denis Dutton was a philosophy professor and the editor of Arts & Letters Daily. In his book The Art Instinct, he suggested that humans are hard-wired to seek beauty. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Delighted to be here
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Oduševljen sam što sam ovdje
00:18
and to talk to you about a subject dear to my heart,
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i što vam mogu pričati o temi koja mi je srcu draga,
00:20
which is beauty.
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a to je ljepota.
00:23
I do the philosophy of art, aesthetics,
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Bavim se filozofijom umjetnosti, estetikom,
00:26
actually, for a living.
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u stvari, za život.
00:28
I try to figure out intellectually,
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Pokušavam intelektualno shvatiti,
00:30
philosophically, psychologically,
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filozofski, psihološki,
00:32
what the experience of beauty is,
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koje je iskustvo ljepote,
00:35
what sensibly can be said about it
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što se osjećajno o tome može reći
00:38
and how people go off the rails in trying to understand it.
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i kako ljudi iskliznu iz šina pokušavajući to razumjeti.
00:41
Now this is an extremely complicated subject,
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To je izuzetno kompleksna tema,
00:44
in part because the things that we call beautiful
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djelomično zato jer su stvari koje zovemo lijepima
00:47
are so different.
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toliko različite.
00:49
I mean just think of the sheer variety --
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Razmislite o finoj raznolikosti --
00:51
a baby's face,
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dječjeg lica,
00:53
Berlioz's "Harold in Italy,"
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Berlioz-ovog "Harold u Italiji",
00:55
movies like "The Wizard of Oz"
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filmova poput "Čarobnjak iz Oza",
00:57
or the plays of Chekhov,
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ili skladbi Čehova,
00:59
a central California landscape,
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pejzaža središnje Kalifornije,
01:01
a Hokusai view of Mt. Fuji,
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Hokusai pogleda na planinu Fuji,
01:04
"Der Rosenkavalier,"
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"Der Rosenkavalier",
01:06
a stunning match-winning goal
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pobjednički gol divne utakmice
01:08
in a World Cup soccer match,
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na Svjetskom prvenstvu,
01:10
Van Gogh's "Starry Night,"
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Van Goghove "Zvjezdane noći"
01:12
a Jane Austen novel,
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romana Jane Austen,
01:14
Fred Astaire dancing across the screen.
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Fred Astaireovog plesa preko ekrana.
01:17
This brief list includes human beings,
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Ova kratka lista uključuje ljudska bića,
01:20
natural landforms,
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prirodne reljefne oblike,
01:22
works of art and skilled human actions.
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umjetnička djela i vješte ljudske akcije.
01:25
An account that explains the presence of beauty
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Procjena koja objašnjava prisutnost ljepote
01:28
in everything on this list
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u svemu na listi
01:30
is not going to be easy.
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neće biti jednostavna.
01:32
I can, however, give you at least a taste
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Mogu, kako bilo, vam dati barem okus
01:35
of what I regard
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onoga što ja smatram
01:37
as the most powerful theory of beauty
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kao najmoćnije teorije ljepote
01:39
we yet have.
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koju do sada imamo.
01:41
And we get it not from a philosopher of art,
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I dobili smo je, ne od filozofa umjetnosti,
01:43
not from a postmodern art theorist
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ne od teoretičara postmoderne umjetnosti
01:45
or a bigwig art critic.
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ili velikih kritičara umjetnosti.
01:47
No, this theory
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Ne, ta teorija
01:49
comes from an expert
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dolazi od stručnjaka
01:51
on barnacles and worms and pigeon breeding,
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za rakove vitičare i crve i uzgoj golubova.
01:57
and you know who I mean:
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I znate na koga mislim --
02:00
Charles Darwin.
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Charles Darwin.
02:02
Of course, a lot of people think they already know
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Naravno, veliki broj ljudi misli kako već zna
02:05
the proper answer to the question,
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pravi odgovor na ovo pitanje,
02:08
"What is beauty?"
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što je ljepota?
02:11
It's in the eye of the beholder.
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Ona je u oku promatrača.
02:13
It's whatever moves you personally.
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Predstavlja štogod vas osobno pokreće.
02:15
Or, as some people,
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Ili, kako neki ljudi --
02:17
especially academics prefer,
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posebno znanstvenici -- preferiraju,
02:19
beauty is in the culturally conditioned
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ljepota je kulturološki uvjetovana
02:22
eye of the beholder.
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očima promatrača.
02:24
People agree that paintings or movies or music
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Ljudi se slažu kako su slike ili filmovi ili glazba
02:27
are beautiful
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lijepi
02:29
because their cultures determine a uniformity of aesthetic taste.
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jer njihova kultura određuje uniformirani estetski ukus.
02:33
Taste for both natural beauty and for the arts
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Ukus za oboje, prirodnu ljepotu i umjetnost,
02:36
travel across cultures
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putuje preko kultura
02:38
with great ease.
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s velikom lakoćom.
02:40
Beethoven is adored in Japan.
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Beethovena obožavaju u Japanu.
02:42
Peruvians love Japanese woodblock prints.
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Peruanci vole japanske printove u drvu.
02:45
Inca sculptures are regarded as treasures
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Inka skulpture se smatraju blagom
02:47
in British museums,
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u britanskim muzejima,
02:49
while Shakespeare is translated
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dok se Shakespeare prevodi
02:51
into every major language of the Earth.
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na svaki važniji jezik na Zemlji.
02:54
Or just think about American jazz
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Ili samo pomislite na američki jazz
02:56
or American movies --
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ili američke filmove --
02:58
they go everywhere.
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oni idu svugdje.
03:00
There are many differences among the arts,
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Postoji jako puno različitosti između umjetnosti,
03:03
but there are also universal,
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ali postoje ujedno univerzalna,
03:05
cross-cultural aesthetic pleasures
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kros-kulturna estetska zadovoljstva
03:07
and values.
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i vrijednosti.
03:09
How can we explain
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Kako možemo objasniti
03:12
this universality?
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tu univerzalnost?
03:15
The best answer lies in trying to reconstruct
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Najbolji odgovor leži u pokušaju rekonstrukcije
03:17
a Darwinian evolutionary history
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Darwinove evolucijske povijesti
03:20
of our artistic and aesthetic tastes.
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naših umjetničkih i estetskih ukusa.
03:23
We need to reverse-engineer
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Moramo okrenuti inženjering
03:25
our present artistic tastes and preferences
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naše sadašnje umjetničke ukuse i sklonosti
03:28
and explain how they came
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te objasniti kako je došlo
03:30
to be engraved in our minds
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da nam budu ugravirane u um.
03:33
by the actions of both our prehistoric,
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Akcijama naše prehistorijske,
03:36
largely pleistocene environments,
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uglavnom pleistocene okoline,
03:38
where we became fully human,
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gdje smo u potpunosti postali ljudima,
03:40
but also by the social situations
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ali također zbog društvenih situacija
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in which we evolved.
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u kojima smo evoluirali.
03:44
This reverse engineering
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Obrnuti inženjering
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can also enlist help
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može također angažirati pomoć
03:49
from the human record
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od ljudske arhive
03:51
preserved in prehistory.
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sačuvane u predpovijesti.
03:53
I mean fossils, cave paintings and so forth.
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Mislim na fosile, slike u pećinama i tako dalje.
03:56
And it should take into account
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I trebalo bi uzeti u obzir
03:58
what we know of the aesthetic interests
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ono što znamo o estetskim interesima
04:00
of isolated hunter-gatherer bands
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izoliranih grupa lovaca
04:03
that survived into the 19th and the 20th centuries.
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koje su preživjele sve do 19. i 20. stoljeća.
04:07
Now, I personally
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Ja osobno
04:09
have no doubt whatsoever
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nemam dvojbi kako bilo
04:11
that the experience of beauty,
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kako iskustvo ljepote,
04:13
with its emotional intensity and pleasure,
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sa svojim emocionalnim intezitetom i užitkom,
04:16
belongs to our evolved human psychology.
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pripada našoj razvijenoj ljudskoj psihologiji.
04:20
The experience of beauty is one component
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Iskustvo ljepote je jedna sastavnica
04:23
in a whole series of Darwinian adaptations.
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cijelog niza Darwinskih adaptacija.
04:27
Beauty is an adaptive effect,
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Ljepota je adaptivna posljedica,
04:29
which we extend
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koju širimo
04:31
and intensify
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i inteziviramo
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in the creation and enjoyment
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u stvaranju i uživanju
04:35
of works of art and entertainment.
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djela umjetnosti i zabave.
04:39
As many of you will know,
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Kao što će većina vas znati,
04:41
evolution operates by two main primary mechanisms.
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evolucija operira kroz dva primarna mehanizma.
04:44
The first of these is natural selection --
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Prvi od kojih je prirodna selekcija --
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that's random mutation and selective retention --
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to je nasumična mutacija i selektivno zadržavanje --
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along with our basic anatomy and physiology --
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zajedno s našom osnovnom anatomijom i fiziologijom --
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the evolution of the pancreas or the eye or the fingernails.
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evolucija gušterače ili oka ili nokata.
04:56
Natural selection also explains
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Prirodna selekcija također objašnjava
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many basic revulsions,
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mnoge osnovne odvratnosti,
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such as the horrid smell of rotting meat,
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poput strašnih mirisa trulog mesa,
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or fears, such as the fear of snakes
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ili strahova, poput straha od zmija
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or standing close to the edge of a cliff.
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ili stajanja blizu ruba litice.
05:09
Natural selection also explains pleasures --
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Prirodna selekcija također objašnjava zadovoljstva --
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sexual pleasure,
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seksualno zadovoljstvo,
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our liking for sweet, fat and proteins,
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naše uživanje u slatkišima, masnoći i proteinima,
05:17
which in turn explains a lot of popular foods,
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koji opet objašnjavaju puno popularne hrane,
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from ripe fruits through chocolate malts
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od zrelog voća do čokoladnih sladova
05:23
and barbecued ribs.
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i rebarca na roštilju.
05:26
The other great principle of evolution
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Drugi sjajni princip evolucije
05:28
is sexual selection,
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je seksualna selekcija,
05:30
and it operates very differently.
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i ona djeluje bitno drugačije.
05:32
The peacock's magnificent tail
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Paunov veličanstveni rep
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is the most famous example of this.
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je najslavniji primjer toga.
05:38
It did not evolve for natural survival.
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To se nije razvilo za prirodni opstanak.
05:41
In fact, it goes against natural survival.
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U stvari, ide protiv prirodnog opstanka.
05:44
No, the peacock's tail
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Ne, paunov rep
05:46
results from the mating choices
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rezultirao je izborima parenja
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made by peahens.
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koje su napravile paunice.
05:50
It's quite a familiar story.
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To je prilično poznata priča.
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It's women who actually push history forward.
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To je žena koja u stvari gura povijest prema naprijed.
05:56
Darwin himself, by the way,
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Darwin osobno, uz put,
05:58
had no doubts that the peacock's tail
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nije imao dvojbi kako je paunov rep
06:00
was beautiful in the eyes of the peahen.
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bio liijep u očima paunice.
06:02
He actually used that word.
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On je u stvari koristio tu riječ.
06:05
Now, keeping these ideas firmly in mind,
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Držeći te ideje čvrsto u glavi
06:08
we can say that the experience of beauty
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možemo reći kako je iskustvo lijepoga
06:11
is one of the ways that evolution has
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jedan od načina putem kojih evolucija
06:14
of arousing and sustaining
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pobuđuje i održava
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interest or fascination,
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interes ili fascinaciju,
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even obsession,
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čak opsesiju,
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in order to encourage us
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kako bi nas potaknula
06:22
toward making the most adaptive decisions
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prema prihvaćanju najadaptivnijih odluka
06:25
for survival and reproduction.
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za opstanak i reprodukciju.
06:29
Beauty is nature's way
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Ljepota je način na koji priroda
06:31
of acting at a distance,
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djeluje na daljinu,
06:34
so to speak.
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takoreći.
06:36
I mean, you can't expect to eat
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Mislim, ne možete očekivati da ćete jesti
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an adaptively beneficial landscape.
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adaptivno koristan krajolik.
06:40
It would hardly do to eat your baby
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Teško će to biti dovoljno vašem djetetu
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or your lover.
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ili vašem ljubavniku.
06:44
So evolution's trick
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Tako je evolutivni trik
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is to make them beautiful,
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bio da ih učini lijepima,
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to have them exert a kind of magnetism
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da imaju neku vrstu privlačnosti
06:51
to give you the pleasure of simply looking at them.
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koja će vam dati zadovoljstvo čak i kada samo gledate u njih.
06:55
Consider briefly an important source of aesthetic pleasure,
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Razmislite nakratko važan izvor estetskog zadovljstva,
06:58
the magnetic pull
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magnetična privlačnost
07:00
of beautiful landscapes.
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prekrasnih krajolika.
07:02
People in very different cultures
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Ljudi različitih kultura
07:04
all over the world
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širom svijeta
07:06
tend to like a particular kind of landscape,
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naginju da im se sviđa specifična vrsta krajolika,
07:09
a landscape that just happens to be similar
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krajolik koji slučajno jest sličan
07:12
to the pleistocene savannas where we evolved.
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savanama ledenog doba na kojima smo evoluirali.
07:15
This landscape shows up today
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Taj se krajolik pokazuje danas
07:17
on calendars, on postcards,
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na kalendarima, na razglednicima,
07:20
in the design of golf courses and public parks
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u dizajnu igrališta za golf i javnih parkova
07:23
and in gold-framed pictures
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i u slikama sa zlatnim okvirima
07:25
that hang in living rooms
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koje vise u dnevnim sobama
07:27
from New York to New Zealand.
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od New Yorka do Novog Zelanda.
07:30
It's a kind of Hudson River school landscape
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To je neka vrsta škole krajolika rijeke Hudson
07:33
featuring open spaces
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koja ističe otvorene prostore
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of low grasses
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niske trave
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interspersed with copses of trees.
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prošarane sa šumicama.
07:40
The trees, by the way, are often preferred
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Drveće, uz put, se često preferira
07:42
if they fork near the ground,
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ako se račva blizu tla
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that is to say, if they're trees you could scramble up
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odnosno, ako su to drveća na koja se možete brzo popeti
07:47
if you were in a tight fix.
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ako vam zatreba.
07:50
The landscape shows the presence
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Krajolik pokazuje prisutnost
07:52
of water directly in view,
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vode izravno na prikazu,
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or evidence of water in a bluish distance,
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ili dokaz vode u plavkastoj daljini,
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indications of animal or bird life
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indikacije životinja i ptica
08:01
as well as diverse greenery
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kao i različitog zelenila
08:03
and finally -- get this --
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i napokon -- shvatite ovo --
08:06
a path
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put
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or a road,
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ili cesta,
08:10
perhaps a riverbank or a shoreline,
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možda riječnu ili morsku obalu
08:13
that extends into the distance,
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koja se proteže u daljinu,
08:16
almost inviting you to follow it.
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gotovo vas pozivajući da ju slijedite.
08:20
This landscape type is regarded as beautiful,
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Taj krajolik se smatra prekrasnim,
08:23
even by people in countries
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čak i od ljudi u zemljama
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that don't have it.
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koje ga nemaju.
08:27
The ideal savanna landscape
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Idealni savana krajolik
08:29
is one of the clearest examples
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je jedan od najjasnijih primjera
08:31
where human beings everywhere
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u kojem ljudska bića svugdje
08:33
find beauty
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pronalaze ljepotu
08:35
in similar visual experience.
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u sličnom vizualnom iskustvu.
08:37
But, someone might argue,
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Ali, netko bi mogao argumentirati,
08:39
that's natural beauty.
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kako je to prirodna ljepota.
08:41
How about artistic beauty?
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Što je s umjetničkom ljepotom?
08:44
Isn't that exhaustively cultural?
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Nije li ona pretežno kulturna?
08:47
No, I don't think it is.
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Ne, ja ne mislim da je.
08:49
And once again, I'd like to look back to prehistory
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I opet, bih želio pogledati unatrag u pretpovijest
08:52
to say something about it.
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kako bih nešto o tome mogao reći.
08:54
It is widely assumed
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Često se pretpostavlja
08:56
that the earliest human artworks
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kako su najranije ljudske umjetnine
08:58
are the stupendously skillful cave paintings
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ogromne, vješto naslikane slike u pećinama.
09:01
that we all know from Lascaux
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koje svi znamo iz Lascauxa
09:03
and Chauvet.
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i Chauveta.
09:06
Chauvet caves
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Chauvetove pećine
09:08
are about 32,000 years old,
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su stare oko 32.000 godina,
09:10
along with a few small, realistic sculptures
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uz nekoliko malih, realističnih skulptura
09:13
of women and animals from the same period.
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žena i životinja iz istog razdoblja.
09:20
But artistic and decorative skills
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Ali artističke i dekorativne vještine
09:22
are actually much older than that.
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su u stvari bitno starije od toga.
09:26
Beautiful shell necklaces
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Prekrasne ogrlice od školjki
09:28
that look like something you'd see at an arts and crafts fair,
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koje izgledaju kao nešto što možete vidjeti na sajmu umjetnina i zanata,
09:31
as well as ochre body paint,
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kao i oker boja tijela,
09:33
have been found
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mogu se pronaći
09:35
from around 100,000 years ago.
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otprilike prije 100.000 godina.
09:37
But the most intriguing prehistoric artifacts
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Ali najintigrantniji prethistorijski artefakti
09:40
are older even than this.
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su stariji čak i od toga.
09:42
I have in mind
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Na umu imam
09:44
the so-called Acheulian hand axes.
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takozvane acheulianske ručne sjekire.
09:48
The oldest stone tools are choppers
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Najstariji kameni alati su sjekači
09:51
from the Olduvai Gorge in East Africa.
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iz Olduvai Gorgea u istočnoj Africi.
09:53
They go back about two-and-a-half-million years.
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Oni su stari preko dva i pol milijuna godina.
09:56
These crude tools
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Ti grubi alati
09:58
were around for thousands of centuries,
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su okolo tisućama stoljeća
10:01
until around 1.4 million years ago
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do otprilike 1,4 milijun godina unazad
10:04
when Homo erectus
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kada je Homo erectus
10:06
started shaping
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počeo oblikovati
10:08
single, thin stone blades,
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pojedinačne. tanke kamene noževe,
10:10
sometimes rounded ovals,
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ponekad okruglo ovalne,
10:13
but often in what are to our eyes
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ali često u, ono što je našim očima,
10:15
an arresting, symmetrical pointed leaf
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privlačnoj, simetričnoj formi koja podsječa na list
10:18
or teardrop form.
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ili suzu.
10:20
These Acheulian hand axes --
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Te acheulianske ručne sjekire --
10:22
they're named after St. Acheul in France,
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one su nazvane po sv. Acheulu u Francuskoj,
10:24
where finds were made in 19th century --
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gdje su pronađene u 19. stoljeću --
10:27
have been unearthed in their thousands,
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su iskopane u tisućama
10:30
scattered across Asia, Europe and Africa,
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razasute po Aziji, Europi i Africi,
10:33
almost everywhere Homo erectus
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gotovo svugdje gdje su Homo erectus
10:36
and Homo ergaster roamed.
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i Homo ergaster lutali.
10:39
Now, the sheer numbers of these hand axes
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Okrugle brojke tih ručnih sjekira
10:42
shows that they can't have been made
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ukazuju da nisu mogle biti napravljene
10:44
for butchering animals.
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za klanje životinja.
10:46
And the plot really thickens when you realize
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A zaplet doista eskalira kada shvatite
10:49
that, unlike other pleistocene tools,
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da, za razliku od drugih alata ledenog doba,
10:52
the hand axes often exhibit
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ručne sjekire nisu pokazivale
10:54
no evidence of wear
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nikakve dokaze habanja
10:56
on their delicate blade edges.
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na svojim delikatnim rubovima oštrica.
10:58
And some, in any event, are too big
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A neke, po svim kriterijima, su bile prevelike
11:00
to use for butchery.
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da bi se koristile za klanje.
11:03
Their symmetry, their attractive materials
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Njihova simetrija, njihovi atraktivni materijali
11:05
and, above all,
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i, iznad svega,
11:07
their meticulous workmanship
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njihova pedantna izrada
11:09
are simply quite beautiful
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su jednostavno prekrasni
11:12
to our eyes, even today.
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našim očima, čak i danas.
11:15
So what were these ancient --
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Dakle što su bile te drevne --
11:19
I mean, they're ancient, they're foreign,
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mislim, one su drevne, one su strane,
11:21
but they're at the same time
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ali su u isto vrijeme
11:23
somehow familiar.
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nekako poznate.
11:25
What were these artifacts for?
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Za što su ti artefakti služili?
11:28
The best available answer
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Najbolji mogući odgovor
11:30
is that they were literally
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da su doslovno bili
11:32
the earliest known works of art,
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najranija djela umjetnosti,
11:34
practical tools transformed
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praktični alati koji su bili transformirani
11:36
into captivating aesthetic objects,
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u zadivljujuće estetske objekte
11:39
contemplated both for their elegant shape
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kontemplirane zbog svog elegantnog oblika
11:41
and their virtuoso craftsmanship.
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i svoje virtuozne umješnosti.
11:45
Hand axes mark
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Ručne sjekire su obilježene
11:47
an evolutionary advance in human history --
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kao evolutivni napredak u ljudskoj povijesti --
11:49
tools fashioned to function
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alati oblikovani za slanje
11:51
as what Darwinians call "fitness signals" --
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kao što bi ih pristaše Darwina nazvali signala sposobnosti --
11:54
that is to say, displays
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to jest, pokazuju
11:56
that are performances
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da su predstave
11:58
like the peacock's tail,
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poput paunovog repa,
12:00
except that, unlike hair and feathers,
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pored svega, za razliku od dlake i perja,
12:03
the hand axes are consciously
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ručne sjekire su svjesno
12:05
cleverly crafted.
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pametno oblikovane.
12:07
Competently made hand axes
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Kompetentno napravljene ručne sjekire
12:09
indicated desirable personal qualities --
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ukazuju na poželjne osobne kvalitete --
12:13
intelligence, fine motor control,
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inteligenciju, finu motoričku kontrolu,
12:16
planning ability,
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sposobnost planiranja,
12:18
conscientiousness
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savjesnost
12:20
and sometimes access to rare materials.
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i ponekad pristup rijetkim materijalima.
12:23
Over tens of thousands of generations,
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Desecima tisuća generacija,
12:26
such skills increased the status
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te su vještine osnaživale status
12:28
of those who displayed them
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onih koji su ih demonstrirali
12:30
and gained a reproductive advantage
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i dobivali reprodukcijsku prednost
12:32
over the less capable.
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nad manje sposobnim.
12:34
You know, it's an old line,
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Znate, to je stara stvar,
12:36
but it has been shown to work --
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ali dokazano djeluje --
12:38
"Why don't you come up to my cave, so I can show you my hand axes?"
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"Zašto ne dođeš u moju pećinu, tako da ti mogu pokazati svoje ručne sjekire."
12:41
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
12:43
Except, of course, what's interesting about this
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Izuzev, naravno, onoga što je interesantno oko toga
12:46
is that we can't be sure how that idea was conveyed,
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ne možemo biti sigurni kako je ta ideja prenošena,
12:49
because the Homo erectus
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jer Homo erectus
12:51
that made these objects
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koji je radio te predmete
12:54
did not have language.
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nije imao jezik.
12:56
It's hard to grasp,
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Teško je to dosegnuti,
12:58
but it's an incredible fact.
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ali svejedno to je nevjerojatna činjenica.
13:01
This object was made
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Ti predmeti su izrađeni
13:03
by a hominid ancestor,
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od strane ljudskih predaka --
13:06
Homo erectus or Homo ergaster,
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Homo erectusa i Homo ergastera --
13:10
between 50,000 and 100,000 years
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između 50 i 100.000 godina
13:13
before language.
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prije jezika.
13:16
Stretching over a million years,
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Protežući se milijunima godina,
13:18
the hand axe tradition
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tradicija ručnih sjekira
13:20
is the longest artistic tradition
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je najstarija umjetnička tradicija
13:23
in human and proto-human history.
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u ljudskoj i proto-ljudskoj povijesti.
13:26
By the end of the hand axe epic, Homo sapiens --
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Do kraja ere ručnih sjekira, Homo sapiens --
13:29
as they were then called, finally --
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kao što su tada zvani, napokon --
13:31
were doubtless finding new ways
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su bez sumnje pronalazili nove načine
13:33
to amuse and amaze each other
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da zabave i zadive jedni druge
13:36
by, who knows, telling jokes,
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tako, tko zna, pričajući viceve,
13:38
storytelling, dancing, or hairstyling.
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pričajući priče, plešući ili radeći frizure.
13:41
Yes, hairstyling -- I insist on that.
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Da, frizure -- inzistiram na tome.
13:44
For us moderns,
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Za nas moderne,
13:46
virtuoso technique
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virtuozna tehnika
13:48
is used to create imaginary worlds
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se upotrebljava kako bi se stvorili imaginarni svjetovi
13:50
in fiction and in movies,
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u fikciji i filmovima,
13:52
to express intense emotions
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kako bi se izrazile emocije
13:54
with music, painting and dance.
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s glazbom, slikanjem i plesom.
13:57
But still,
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Ali još uvijek,
13:59
one fundamental trait
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jedno fundamentalno svojstvo
14:01
of the ancestral personality persists
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naših predaka opstaje
14:03
in our aesthetic cravings:
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u našim estetskim žudnjama:
14:06
the beauty we find
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ljepota koju pronalazimo
14:08
in skilled performances.
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jest vješta izvedba
14:10
From Lascaux to the Louvre
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Od Lascauxa do Louvrea
14:12
to Carnegie Hall,
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i Carnegie Halla,
14:14
human beings
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ljudska bića
14:16
have a permanent innate taste
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imaju stalno urođenu sklonost
14:18
for virtuoso displays in the arts.
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za virtuozno prikazivanje umjetnosti.
14:22
We find beauty
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Pronalazimo ljepotu
14:24
in something done well.
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u nečemu što se dobro napravi.
14:28
So the next time you pass a jewelry shop window
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Sljedeći puta kada prođete pored izloga draguljarnice
14:30
displaying a beautifully cut
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koja pokazuje prelijepo odrezani
14:32
teardrop-shaped stone,
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kamen u obliku suze,
14:34
don't be so sure
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nemojte biti toliko sigurni
14:36
it's just your culture telling you
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da vam samo kultura govori
14:38
that that sparkling jewel is beautiful.
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kako je taj bliješteći dragulj prelijep.
14:40
Your distant ancestors loved that shape
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Vaši daleki preci su voljeli taj oblik
14:43
and found beauty in the skill needed to make it,
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i pronašli ljepotu u vještini koja ga je oblikovala,
14:46
even before
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čak prije
14:48
they could put their love into words.
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dok su mogli pretvoriti svoju ljubav u riječi.
14:50
Is beauty in the eye of the beholder?
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Je li ljepota u očima promatrača?
14:53
No, it's deep in our minds.
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Ne, duboko je u našim umovima.
14:56
It's a gift handed down from the intelligent skills
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To je dar, prenesen inteligentnom vještinom
14:59
and rich emotional lives
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i bogatim emocionalnim životima
15:01
of our most ancient ancestors.
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naših najdavnijih predaka.
15:04
Our powerful reaction to images,
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Naša snažna reakcija na slike
15:06
to the expression of emotion in art,
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na ekspresiju emocija u umjetnosti
15:09
to the beauty of music, to the night sky,
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na ljepotu glazbe na noćnom nebu
15:12
will be with us and our descendants
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bit će s nama i našim nasljednicima
15:15
for as long as the human race exists.
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dokle god ljudska rasa postoji.
15:18
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
15:20
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Denis Dutton - PhilosopherDenis Dutton was a philosophy professor and the editor of Arts & Letters Daily. In his book The Art Instinct, he suggested that humans are hard-wired to seek beauty.
Why you should listen
Why do humans take pleasure in making art? In his 2009 book The Art Instinct, philosopher Denis Dutton suggested that art is a need built into our systems, a complex and subtle evolutionary adaptation comparable to our facility for language. We humans evolved to love art because it helps us survive; for example, a well-expressed appreciation of art can -- even in modern times -- help us to find a mate. It’s a bold argument to make, bolstered by examples from the breadth of art history that Dutton kept at his fingertips.
Dutton taught philosophy at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand, and was the editor of Arts & Letters Daily, a three-column compendium of culture news from all over the web. (His own homepage is another storehouse of tidbits from his wide-ranging explorations in philosophy and culture.) He was on the advisory board of Cybereditions, a publisher specializing in ebooks and print-on-demand editions of nonfiction works. And he was an editor of Climate Debate Daily, a lively blog that takes a skeptical view of some climate-change arguments.
Dutton died from cancer in December 2010.
Denis Dutton | Speaker | TED.com