TED Fellows Retreat 2013
Christopher Soghoian: Government surveillance — this is just the beginning
Christopher Soghoian: Vlade nadziru - ovo je tek početak
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Istraživač privatnosti Christopher Soghoian vidi da nam nadzor koji provode vlade izmiče tlo pod nogama, dok industrija koja stvara programe za nadzor raste. Putem privatnih tvrtki, kaže, vlade kupuju tehnologiju koja ima kapacitet provaljivati u računala, krasti dokumente i nadzirati aktivnost - bez otkrivanja. Ovaj TED Fellow pruža nam uznemirujući pogled na ono što dolazi.
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activist
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights. Full bio
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
The 2011 Arab Spring
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Arapsko proljeće 2011. godine
00:14
captured the attention of the world.
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zaokupilo je pažnju svijeta.
00:16
It also captured the attention
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Privuklo je i pažnju
00:18
of authoritarian governments in other countries,
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autoritarnih vlada u drugim zemljama,
00:20
who were worried that revolution would spread.
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koje su se zabrinule da će se
revolucija proširiti.
revolucija proširiti.
00:23
To respond, they ramped up surveillance
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Odgovorili su pojačavanjem nadzora
00:25
of activists, journalists and dissidents
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nad aktivistima, novinarima i disidentima,
00:28
who they feared would inspire revolution
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bojeći se da bi ovi mogli izazvati revolucije
00:30
in their own countries.
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u njihovim vlastitim zemljama.
00:32
One prominent Bahraini activist,
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Istaknuti aktivist iz Bahraina
00:34
who was arrested and tortured by his government,
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kojega je njegova vlada uhitila i mučila,
00:36
has said that the interrogators showed him
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rekao je da su mu istražitelji pokazali
00:38
transcripts of his telephone calls
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transkripte njegovih telefonskih poziva
00:40
and text messages.
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i tekstualnih poruka.
00:42
Of course, it's no secret
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Naravno, nije tajna
00:43
that governments are able to intercept
telephone calls and text messages.
telephone calls and text messages.
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da vlade mogu presresti telefonske
pozive i poruke.
pozive i poruke.
00:46
It's for that reason that many activists
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Iz tog razloga mnogi aktivisti
00:49
specifically avoid using the telephone.
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pažljivo izbjegavaju upotrebu telefona.
00:51
Instead, they use tools like Skype,
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Umjesto toga koriste alate poput Skypea,
00:53
which they think are immune to interception.
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za koje misle da su imuni na presretanje.
00:56
They're wrong.
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Griješe.
00:57
There have now been over the last few years
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U posljednjih nekoliko godina
01:00
an industry of companies
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pojavila se čitava industrija tvrtki
01:02
who provide surveillance technology to governments,
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koje opskrbljuju vlade tehnologijom nadzora,
01:05
specifically technology that
allows those governments
allows those governments
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konkretno, tehnologijom koja
vladama omogućava
vladama omogućava
01:07
to hack into the computers
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da upadnu u računala
01:09
of surveillance targets.
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meta njihovog nadzora.
01:11
Rather than intercepting the communications
as they go over the wire,
as they go over the wire,
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Umjesto da presreću komunikacije
tijekom njihova prijenosa vodovima,
tijekom njihova prijenosa vodovima,
01:13
instead they now hack into your computer,
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oni vam sada uđu u računalo,
01:16
enable your webcam, enable your microphone,
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aktiviraju kameru, uključe mikrofon,
01:18
and steal documents from your computer.
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i kradu vam dokumente iz računala.
01:20
When the government of Egypt fell in 2011,
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Kad je egipatska vlada pala 2011.,
01:23
activists raided the office of the secret police,
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aktivisti su upali u ured tajne policije;
01:26
and among the many documents they found
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među mnogim dokumentima koje su našli
01:28
was this document by the Gamma Corporation,
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bio je i dokument tvrtke Gamma Corporation,
01:31
by Gamma International.
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članice Gamma International.
01:33
Gamma is a German company
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Gamma je njemačka kompanija
01:34
that manufactures surveillance software
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koja proizvodi softver za nadzor
01:36
and sells it only to governments.
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i prodaje ga samo vladama.
01:38
It's important to note that most governments
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Važno je primijetiti da većina vlada
01:40
don't really have the in-house capabilities
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ne može sama
01:42
to develop this software.
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razviti takav softver.
01:43
Smaller ones don't have the resources
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Manje vlade nemaju resurse
01:45
or the expertise,
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ili znanje,
01:47
and so there's this market of Western companies
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i zato postoji tržište zapadnih kompanija
01:50
who are happy to supply them with the tools
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koje su sretne da ih mogu opskrbiti
01:52
and techniques for a price.
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alatima i tehnologijom za određenu cijenu.
01:54
Gamma is just one of these companies.
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Gamma je tek jedna od tih kompanija.
01:56
I should note also that Gamma never actually sold
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Moram napomenuti i da Gamma
zapravo nikad nije prodala
zapravo nikad nije prodala
01:59
their software to the Egyptian government.
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svoj softver egipatskoj vladi.
02:01
They'd sent them an invoice for a sale,
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Poslali su im predračun za softver,
02:04
but the Egyptians never bought it.
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ali ga Egipćani nikad nisu kupili.
02:05
Instead, apparently, the Egyptian government
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Čini se da je egipatska vlada
02:07
used a free demo version of Gamma's software.
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koristila besplatnu demo verziju softvera.
02:10
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:13
So this screenshot is from a sales video
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Ovo je kadar iz prodajnog videa
02:16
that Gamma produced.
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kojega je Gamma snimila.
02:18
Really, they're just emphasizing
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Oni samo ističu,
02:20
in a relatively slick presentation
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u relativno elegantnoj prezentaciji,
02:21
the fact that the police can sort of sit
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činjenicu da policija može samo sjediti
02:23
in an air-conditioned office
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u klimatiziranom uredu
02:25
and remotely monitor someone
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i na daljinu nadzirati nekoga
02:26
without them having any idea that it's going on.
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bez da ovaj zna što se događa.
02:28
You know, your webcam light won't turn on.
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Znate, svjetlo vaše web kamere
se neće uključiti.
se neće uključiti.
02:30
There's nothing to indicate that
the microphone is enabled.
the microphone is enabled.
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Ništa vam ne otkriva činjenicu
da je mikrofon aktiviran.
da je mikrofon aktiviran.
02:34
This is the managing director
of Gamma International.
of Gamma International.
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Ovo je direktor kompanije
Gamma International.
Gamma International.
02:37
His name is Martin Muench.
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Zove se Martin Muench.
02:39
There are many photos of Mr. Muench that exist.
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Postoji mnogo fotografija gospodina Muencha.
02:42
This is perhaps my favorite.
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Ova mi je najdraža.
02:44
I'm just going to zoom in a little bit onto his webcam.
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Malo ću zumirati njegovu web kameru.
02:46
You can see there's a little sticker
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Vidite da je preko njegove kamere
02:48
that's placed over his camera.
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postavljena naljepnica.
02:50
He knows what kind of surveillance is possible,
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On zna kakvo praćenje je moguće,
02:52
and so clearly he doesn't want it to be used
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i očito ne želi da se ono rabi
02:54
against him.
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protiv njega.
02:55
Muench has said that he intends
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Muench je izjavio da želi
02:57
for his software to be used
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da se njegov softver koristi
02:59
to capture terrorists and locate pedophiles.
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za hvatanje terorista i pedofila.
03:02
Of course, he's also acknowledged that once
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Naravno, priznao je da nakon što
03:04
the software has been sold to governments,
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softver prodaju vladama,
03:06
he has no way of knowing how it can be used.
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on ne zna kako će ga one upotrebljavati.
03:10
Gamma's software has been located on servers
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Gammin softver je pronađen na serverima
03:12
in countries around the world,
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u zemljama širom svijeta,
03:13
many with really atrocious track records
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mnogima sa užasnom poviješću
03:16
and human rights violations.
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kršenja ljudskih prava.
03:17
They really are selling their
software around the world.
software around the world.
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Oni svoj program prodaju širom svijeta.
03:21
Gamma is not the only company in the business.
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Gamma nije jedina u tom poslu.
03:23
As I said, it's a $5 billion industry.
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Kao što rekoh, to je industrija
od 5 milijardi dolara.
od 5 milijardi dolara.
03:26
One of the other big guys in the industry
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Jedan od značajnih igrača
03:29
is an Italian company called Hacking Team.
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je talijanska kompanija pod
nazivom Hacking Team.
nazivom Hacking Team.
03:31
Now, Hacking Team has what is probably
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Hacking Team ima vjerojatno
03:33
the slickest presentation.
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najbolju prezentaciju.
03:35
The video they've produced is very sexy,
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Njihov video je vrlo seksi,
03:38
and so I'm going to play you a clip
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pa ću vam ga pustiti
03:39
just so you can get a feel
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kako biste dobili osjećaj
03:41
both for the capabilities of the software
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i za mogućnosti softvera
03:42
but also how it's marketed
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i za način na koji ga se
prodajno prezentira
prodajno prezentira
03:44
to their government clients.
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vladama koje su potencijalni klijenti.
03:46
(Video) Narrator: You want to look
through your target's eyes.
through your target's eyes.
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(Video) Narator: Želite gledati
očima svoje mete.
očima svoje mete.
03:50
(Music)
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(Glazba)
03:52
You have to hack your target.
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Morate hakirati svoju metu.
03:55
["While your target is browsing the web, exchanging documents, receiving SMS, crossing the borders"]
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["Dok vaša meta pretražuje internet, razmjenjuje dokumente, prima SMS, prelazi granice"]
04:01
You have to hit many different platforms.
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Morate pogoditi mnogo različitih platformi.
04:04
["Windows, OS X, iOS, Android,
Blackberry, Symbian, Linux"]
Blackberry, Symbian, Linux"]
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["Windowse, OS X, iOS, Android,
Blackberry, Symbian, Linux"]
Blackberry, Symbian, Linux"]
04:08
You have to overcome encryption
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Morate probiti enkripciju
04:10
and capture relevant data.
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i prikupiti važne podatke.
04:13
[Skype & encrypted calls, target location,
messaging, relationships,
messaging, relationships,
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[Skype i šifrirane pozive, lokaciju mete,
poruke, odnose,
poruke, odnose,
04:18
web browsing, audio & video"]
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pregledavanje interneta, audio i video"]
04:21
Being stealth and untraceable.
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Morate biti nevidljivi i ne
ostavljati tragove.
ostavljati tragove.
04:25
["Immune to any protection system
Hidden collection infrastructure"]
Hidden collection infrastructure"]
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["Imuni na zaštitne sustave
Skrivena infrastruktura prikupljanja"]
Skrivena infrastruktura prikupljanja"]
04:28
Deployed all over your country.
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Pokrivenost čitave zemlje.
04:32
["Up to hundreds of thousands of targets
Managed from a single spot"]
Managed from a single spot"]
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["Stotine tisuća meta
koje se prati s jednog mjesta"]
koje se prati s jednog mjesta"]
04:37
Exactly what we do.
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Baš ono što mi nudimo.
04:40
Christopher Soghoian: So, it
would be funny if it wasn't true,
would be funny if it wasn't true,
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Christopher Soghoian: Bilo bi zabavno
da nije istinito,
da nije istinito,
04:42
but, in fact, Hacking Team's software
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ali softver tvrtke Hacking Team
04:44
is being sold to governments around the world.
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prodaje se vladama širom svijeta.
04:47
Last year we learned, for example,
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Lani smo saznali, na primjer,
04:49
that it's been used to target Moroccan
journalists by the Moroccan government.
journalists by the Moroccan government.
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da ga je marokanska vlada rabila
za praćenje marokanskih novinara.
za praćenje marokanskih novinara.
04:53
Many, many countries it's been found in.
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Pronađen je u mnogim, mnogim zemljama.
04:56
So, Hacking Team has also been actively courting
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Hacking Team je vrlo aktivan
04:59
the U.S. law enforcement market.
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i na tržištu američkih vladinih agencija.
05:01
In the last year or so, the company
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U posljednjih godinu dana, tvrtka je
05:03
has opened a sales office in Maryland.
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otvorila prodajno predstavništvo
u Marylandu.
u Marylandu.
05:08
The company has also hired a spokesperson.
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Zaposlili su glasnogovornika.
05:10
They've been attending
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Sudjeluju na konferencijama
05:12
surveillance industry conferences
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industrije nadzora
05:13
where law enforcement officials show up.
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na koje dolaze vladini dužnosnici.
05:15
They've spoken at the conferences.
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Drže govore na konferencijama.
05:17
What I thought was most fascinating was
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Meni je najfascinantnija činjenica
05:19
they've actually paid for the coffee break
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da su platili kavu u stanci
05:21
at one of the law enforcement conferences
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na jednoj od tih konferencija
05:23
earlier this year.
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ranije ove godine.
05:24
I can't tell you for sure that Hacking Team
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Ne mogu vam sa sigurnošću tvrditi
da je Hacking Team
da je Hacking Team
05:26
has sold their technology in the United States,
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prodao svoju tehnologiju
u Sjedinjenim Državama,
u Sjedinjenim Državama,
05:29
but what I can tell you that if they haven't sold it,
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ali ono što vam mogu reći je
da ako je nisu prodali,
da ako je nisu prodali,
05:31
it isn't because they haven't been trying hard.
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to nije zato što se nisu svojski trudili.
05:34
So as I said before,
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Kao što sam već rekao,
05:36
governments that don't really have the resources
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vlade koje nemaju resurse
05:38
to build their own tools will buy
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za izradu vlastitih alata
05:40
off-the-shelf surveillance software,
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kupit će gotov nadzorni softver,
05:41
and so for that reason,
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i zato ćete vidjeti,
05:43
you see that the government of, say, Tunisia,
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da vlada, na primjer,Tunisa,
05:45
might use the same software
as the government of Germany.
as the government of Germany.
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upotrebljava isti program
kao i njemačka vlada.
kao i njemačka vlada.
05:47
They're all buying off-the-shelf stuff.
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Svi oni kupuju gotove programe.
05:50
The Federal Bureau of
Investigation in the United States
Investigation in the United States
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Savezni istražni biro (FBI)
Sjedinjenih Država
Sjedinjenih Država
05:52
does have the budget to build
their own surveillance technology,
their own surveillance technology,
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ima proračun za razvoj
vlastite nadzorne tehnologije,
vlastite nadzorne tehnologije,
05:55
and so for several years, I've been trying
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i ja nekoliko godina nastojim
05:57
to figure out if and how the FBI
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otkriti da li FBI i na koji način
05:59
is hacking into the computers of surveillance targets.
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provaljuje u računala osoba
koje su mete nadzora.
koje su mete nadzora.
06:02
My friends at an organization called
the Electronic Frontier Foundation --
the Electronic Frontier Foundation --
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Moji prijatelji u organizaciji pod nazivom
Electronic Frontier Foundation --
Electronic Frontier Foundation --
06:05
they're a civil society group —
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oni su udruga građana —
06:07
obtained hundreds of documents from the FBI
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u posjedu je stotina dokumenata FBI-ja
06:10
detailing their next generation
of surveillance technologies.
of surveillance technologies.
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koji objašnjavaju sljedeću generaciju
tehnologija nadzora.
tehnologija nadzora.
06:13
Most of these documents were heavily redacted,
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Većina tih dokumenata je
značajno obrađena,
značajno obrađena,
06:15
but what you can see from the slides,
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ali ono što vidite iz slajdova,
06:18
if I zoom in, is this term:
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ako zumiram, je ovaj termin:
06:20
Remote Operations Unit.
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Jedinica za operacije na daljinu.
06:22
Now, when I first looked into this,
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Kad sam to prvi puta vidio,
06:24
I'd never heard of this unit before.
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nikada ranije nisam čuo za tu jedinicu.
06:26
I've been studying surveillance
for more than six years.
for more than six years.
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Proučavam nadziranje već
dulje od 6 godina.
dulje od 6 godina.
06:28
I'd never heard of it.
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Nikad nisam čuo za nju.
06:30
And so I went online and I did some research,
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Pa sam otišao na internet,
obavio istraživanja,
obavio istraživanja,
06:32
and ultimately I hit the mother lode
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i konačno pronašao zlatnu žilu
06:34
when I went to LinkedIn,
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kad sam otišao na LinkedIn,
06:35
the social networking site for job seekers.
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društvenu mrežu za one koji traže posao.
06:38
There were lots of former
U.S. government contractors
U.S. government contractors
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Mnošto je bivših podugovaratelja
američke vlade
američke vlade
06:41
who had at one point worked
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u neko doba radilo
06:42
for the Remote Operating Unit,
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za Jedinicu za operacije na daljinu,
06:44
and were describing in surprising detail on their CVs
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i u svojim su životopisima
iznenađujuće detaljno opisivali
iznenađujuće detaljno opisivali
06:47
what they had done in their former job.
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što su radili na svom prethodnom poslu.
06:49
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:51
So I took this information
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Prikupio sam informacije
06:53
and I gave it to a journalist that I know
and trust at the Wall Street Journal,
and trust at the Wall Street Journal,
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i dao ih novinarki koju znam
i kojoj vjerujem u Wall Street Journalu,
i kojoj vjerujem u Wall Street Journalu,
06:57
and she was able to contact several other
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i ona je uspjela stupiti u kontakt
s nekolicinom
s nekolicinom
06:59
former law enforcement officials
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bivših djelatnika vladinih službi
07:01
who spoke on background and confirmed
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koji su objasnili pozadinu i potvrdili
07:02
that yes, in fact, the FBI has a dedicated team
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da FBI zaista ima poseban tim
07:06
that does nothing but hack into the computers
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zadužen samo za provale u računala
07:08
of surveillance targets.
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osoba koje su meta nadzora.
07:09
Like Gamma and Hacking Team,
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Kao Gamma i Hacking Team,
07:11
the FBI also has the capability
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i FBI ima mogućnost
07:13
to remotely activate webcams, microphones,
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daljinskog aktiviranja kamera, mikrofona,
07:17
steal documents, get web browsing information,
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krađe dokumenata, prikupljanja
informacijama o posjećenim stranicama,
informacijama o posjećenim stranicama,
07:19
the works.
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i drugo.
07:21
There's sort of a big problem
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Ima jedan velik problem
07:23
with governments going into hacking,
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u tome što se vlade bave hakiranjem,
07:24
and that's that terrorists, pedophiles,
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a sastoji se u tome da se
teroristi, pedofili
teroristi, pedofili
07:27
drug dealers, journalists and human rights activists
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dileri droge, novinari i aktivisti
za ljudska prava
za ljudska prava
07:30
all use the same kinds of computers.
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svi koriste istim računalima.
07:32
There's no drug dealer phone
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Ne postoji telefon za dilere droge,
07:34
and there's no journalist laptop.
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ne postoji laptop za novinare.
07:36
We all use the same technology,
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Svi rabimo istu tehnologiju,
07:38
and what that means then is that for governments
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i to znači da kad vlade imaju
07:40
to have the capability to hack into the computers
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mogućnost ulaska u računala
07:42
of the real bad guys,
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stvarno opasnih tipova,
07:44
they also have to have the capability
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također imaju mogućnost
07:46
to hack into our devices too.
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upada i u vaše uređaje.
07:48
So governments around the world
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Vlade širom svijeta
07:50
have been embracing this technology.
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preuzimaju ovu tehnologiju.
07:51
They've been embracing hacking
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Primjenjuju hakiranje
07:53
as a law enforcement technique,
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kao tehniku provedbe zakonitosti,
07:55
but without any real debate.
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ali se to odvija bez prave rasprave.
07:57
In the United States, where I live,
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U Sjedinjenim Državama gdje živim,
07:58
there have been no congressional hearings.
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nije bilo kongresnih saslušanja.
08:00
There's no law that's been passed
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Nijedan zakon nije donijet
08:02
specifically authorizing this technique,
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koji bi odobrio tu konkretnu tehniku,
08:04
and because of its power and potential for abuse,
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a zbog njene moći i potencijalne zloporabe,
08:07
it's vital that we have an informed public debate.
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ključno je da održimo informiranu
javnu raspravu.
javnu raspravu.
08:10
Thank you very much.
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Mnogo vam hvala.
08:12
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activistChristopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights.
Why you should listen
TED Fellow Christopher Soghoian is a champion of digital privacy rights, with a focus on the role that third-party service providers play in enabling governments to monitor citizens. As the principal technologist at the American Civil Liberties Union, he explores the intersection of federal surveillance and citizen's rights.
Before joining the ACLU, he was the first-ever technologist for the Federal Trade Commision's Division of Privacy and Identity Protection, where he worked on investigations of Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Netflix. Soghoian is also the creator of Do Not Track, an anti-tracking device that all major web browsers now use, and his work has been cited in court.
Christopher Soghoian | Speaker | TED.com