TEDSalon NY2014
Ruth Chang: How to make hard choices
Ruth Chang: Kako napraviti teški izbor
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Ovaj bi govor doslovce mogao promijeniti vaš život. Kojim putem treba krenuti moja karijera? Trebam li prekinuti vezu - ili se vjenčati? Gdje trebam živjeti? Velike odluke poput ovih mogu biti mučno teške. No to je stoga što razmišljamo o njima na pogrešan način, kaže filozofkinja Ruth Chang. Nudi moćan novi okvir za oblikovanje onoga što zaista jesmo.
Ruth Chang - Philosopher
Ruth Chang asks why some choices are so hard — and what that means for the human condition. Full bio
Ruth Chang asks why some choices are so hard — and what that means for the human condition. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Think of a hard choice you'll face in the near future.
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Zamislite jedan težak odabir
s kojim ćete se suočiti u budućnosti.
s kojim ćete se suočiti u budućnosti.
00:16
It might be between two careers --
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Može to biti odabir između dvije karijere,
00:18
artist and accountant --
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umjetnika ili računovođe --
00:20
or places to live -- the city or the country --
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ili između mjesta gdje
biste živjeli -- u gradu ili na selu --
biste živjeli -- u gradu ili na selu --
00:23
or even between two people to marry --
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ili čak između ljudi s
kojima biste se vjenčali --
kojima biste se vjenčali --
00:25
you could marry Betty or you could marry Lolita.
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mogli biste se vjenčati s Betty
ili biste se mogli vjenčati s Lolitom.
ili biste se mogli vjenčati s Lolitom.
00:28
Or it might be a choice about
whether to have children,
whether to have children,
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Mogao bi to biti odabir
hoćete li imati djecu,
hoćete li imati djecu,
00:31
to have an ailing parent move in with you,
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hoćete li useliti kod
sebe bolesnog roditelja,
sebe bolesnog roditelja,
00:33
to raise your child in a religion
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hoćete li odgajati dijete
u skladu s religijom
u skladu s religijom
00:36
that your partner lives by
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prema kojoj partner živi,
00:37
but leaves you cold.
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ali koju sami ne prakticirate.
00:39
Or whether to donate your life savings to charity.
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Ili odabir hoćete li donirati svoju
životnu ušteđevinu u dobrotvorne svrhe.
životnu ušteđevinu u dobrotvorne svrhe.
00:42
Chances are, the hard choice you thought of
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Vrlo vjerojatno je težak
odabir kojega ste zamislili
odabir kojega ste zamislili
00:44
was something big, something momentous,
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bio nešto veliko, nešto presudno,
00:46
something that matters to you.
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nešto što vam je od velike važnosti.
00:48
Hard choices seem to be occasions
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Teški odabiri čine se kao prilike
00:51
for agonizing, hand-wringing,
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za očajavanje, kršenje ruku,
00:53
the gnashing of teeth.
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škripanje zubima.
00:55
But I think we've misunderstood hard choices
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No ja mislim da smo
pogrešno shvatili te odabire
pogrešno shvatili te odabire
00:58
and the role they play in our lives.
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i njihovu ulogu u našim životima.
01:00
Understanding hard choices
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Razumijevanje teških odabira
01:02
uncovers a hidden power
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razotkriva skrivenu moć
01:04
each of us possesses.
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koju posjeduje svatko od nas.
01:06
What makes a choice hard is the way
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Ono što odabir čini teškim jest
01:08
the alternatives relate.
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odnos između alternativa.
01:10
In any easy choice,
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Pri lakom odabiru
01:12
one alternative is better than the other.
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jedna je alternativa bolja od druge.
01:15
In a hard choice,
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Pri teškom odabiru,
01:16
one alternative is better in some ways,
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jedna je alternativa od
druge bolja na neki način,
druge bolja na neki način,
01:18
the other alternative is better in other ways,
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dok je druga od prve
bolja na neki drugi način,
bolja na neki drugi način,
01:21
and neither is better than the other overall.
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ali nijedna nije u svakom
pogledu bolja od one druge.
pogledu bolja od one druge.
01:24
You agonize over whether to stay
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Razbijate glavu oko toga
trebate li ostati na
trebate li ostati na
01:27
in your current job in the city
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trenutnom radnom mjestu u gradu
01:28
or uproot your life for
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ili promijeniti svoj život radi
01:31
more challenging work in the country
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izazovnijeg posla u ruralnom području
01:33
because staying is better in some ways,
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jer je ostanak bolji u nekim pogledima,
01:35
moving is better in others,
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preseljenje bolje u drugima,
01:37
and neither is better than the other overall.
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ali nijedno od tog dvoje nije sveukupno bolje.
Ne bismo trebali misliti
da su svi odabiri veliki.
da su svi odabiri veliki.
01:41
We shouldn't think that all hard choices are big.
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Recimo da odlučujete
što pojesti za doručak.
što pojesti za doručak.
01:45
Let's say you're deciding what to have for breakfast.
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Mogli biste doručkovati
žitarice s visokim udjelom vlakana
žitarice s visokim udjelom vlakana
01:47
You could have high fiber bran cereal
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ili čokoladnu krafnu.
01:50
or a chocolate donut.
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Pretpostavimo da je tu bitan
01:52
Suppose what matters in the choice
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ugodan okus kao i utjecaj na zdravlje.
01:53
is tastiness and healthfulness.
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Žitarice su zdravije za vas,
01:56
The cereal is better for you,
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krafna ima bolji okus,
01:58
the donut tastes way better,
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ali nijedno nije sveukupno
bolje od ovoga drugoga,
bolje od ovoga drugoga,
02:00
but neither is better than the other overall,
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02:03
a hard choice.
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težak izbor.
Shvatiti da mali odabiri
02:05
Realizing that small choices
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isto tako mogu biti teški
02:07
can also be hard
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može učiniti velike odabire
manje nerješivima.
manje nerješivima.
02:09
may make big hard choices seem less intractable.
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02:13
After all, we manage to figure
out what to have for breakfast,
out what to have for breakfast,
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Na kraju krajeva, ako uspijevamo
odlučiti što ćemo pojesti za doručak
odlučiti što ćemo pojesti za doručak
02:16
so maybe we can figure out
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možda možemo odlučiti
02:17
whether to stay in the city
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trebamo li ostati u gradu
02:19
or uproot for the new job in the country.
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ili se preseliti radi novoga
posla u ruralnoj sredini.
posla u ruralnoj sredini.
02:23
We also shouldn't think that hard choices are hard
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Isto tako, ne bismo trebali
misliti da su teški odabiri teški
misliti da su teški odabiri teški
02:28
because we are stupid.
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zato što smo glupi.
Kada sam diplomirala
02:30
When I graduated from college,
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nisam se mogla odlučiti
između dvije karijere,
između dvije karijere,
02:32
I couldn't decide between two careers,
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02:34
philosophy and law.
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filozofije i prava.
02:36
I really loved philosophy.
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Stvarno sam voljela filozofiju.
Začuđujuće stvari možeš naučiti
02:39
There are amazing things you can learn
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02:41
as a philosopher,
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kao filozof,
i sve to iz udobnosti fotelje.
02:42
and all from the comfort of an armchair.
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02:45
But I came from a modest immigrant family
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No porijeklom sam iz skromne imigrantske obitelji
u kojoj je pojam luksuza
02:49
where my idea of luxury
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02:50
was having a pork tongue and jelly sandwich
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bio imati sendvič od svinjskog jezika i želea
spakiran za ručak u školi,
02:53
in my school lunchbox,
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02:55
so the thought of spending my whole life
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tako da me pomisao da provedem čitav život
sjedeći u foteljama u pukom razmišljanju,
02:57
sitting around in armchairs just thinking,
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03:00
well, that struck me as the height
of extravagance and frivolity.
of extravagance and frivolity.
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pa, pogodila me kao vrhunac
ekstravagancije i neozbiljnosti.
ekstravagancije i neozbiljnosti.
03:05
So I got out my yellow pad,
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I tako sam izvukla svoj žuti blokić,
03:07
I drew a line down the middle,
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povukla crtu po sredini,
i dala sve od sebe da smislim razloge
03:09
and I tried my best to think of the reasons
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03:11
for and against each alternative.
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za i protiv tih alternativa.
Sjećam se kako sam pomislila tada
03:15
I remember thinking to myself,
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03:17
if only I knew what my life
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da mi je barem znati kakav bi moj život bio
03:20
in each career would be like.
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sa svakom od tih karijera.
Kada bi mi barem Bog
ili Netflix mogli poslati DVD
ili Netflix mogli poslati DVD
03:22
If only God or Netflix would send me a DVD
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moje dvije moguće buduće karijere,
sve bi bilo dobro.
sve bi bilo dobro.
03:26
of my two possible future careers, I'd be set.
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03:29
I'd compare them side by side,
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Usporedila bih ih, jednu pored druge,
03:31
I'd see that one was better,
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i vidjela da je jedna bolja
03:33
and the choice would be easy.
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te bi odabir postao lagan.
03:35
But I got no DVD,
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No nisam dobila DVD,
i zato što nisam mogla
odlučiti koja je bolja,
odlučiti koja je bolja,
03:37
and because I couldn't figure out which was better,
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napravila sam ono što mnogi od nas
naprave pri teškim odabirima:
naprave pri teškim odabirima:
03:40
I did what many of us do in hard choices:
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03:43
I took the safest option.
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odabrala sam sigurniju opciju.
03:46
Fear of being an unemployed philosopher
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Strah da ću postati nezaposleni filozof
03:49
led me to become a lawyer,
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odveo me prema odvjetništvu,
03:51
and as I discovered,
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i, kako sam otkrila,
03:53
lawyering didn't quite fit.
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biti odvjetnik nije mi baš odgovaralo.
03:55
It wasn't who I was.
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Nije bilo ono što sam bila ja.
03:57
So now I'm a philosopher,
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Tako sam sada filozof,
03:59
and I study hard choices,
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i proučavam teške odabire,
04:01
and I can tell you that fear of the unknown,
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i mogu vam reći da strah od nepoznatog,
04:04
while a common motivational default
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premda učestala standardna motivacija
04:07
in dealing with hard choices,
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u suočavanju s teškim odabirima,
04:10
rests on a misconception of them.
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počiva na pogrešnoj slici o njima.
Pogrešno je misliti da je
pri teškim odabirima
pri teškim odabirima
04:12
It's a mistake to think that in hard choices,
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04:15
one alternative really is better than the other,
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jedna alternativa bolja od druge,
no da smo samo preglupi
da uvidimo koja je to,
da uvidimo koja je to,
04:18
but we're too stupid to know which,
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04:20
and since we don't know which, we might as well
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i da stoga, kako ne znamo
koja je bolja, trebamo
koja je bolja, trebamo
04:21
take the least risky option.
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odabrati manje rizičnu mogućnost.
04:24
Even taking two alternatives side by side
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Čak i kada bismo postavili te
alternative jednu pored druge
alternative jednu pored druge
04:27
with full information, a choice can still be hard.
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s punim informacijama, odabir bi
još uvijek mogao biti težak.
još uvijek mogao biti težak.
04:32
Hard choices are hard
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Teški su odabiri teški
04:34
not because of us or our ignorance;
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ne radi nas samih ili našeg neznanja;
04:36
they're hard because there is no best option.
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teški su jer ne postoji najbolja mogućnost.
Sad, ako najbolja mogućnost ne postoji,
04:40
Now, if there's no best option,
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04:42
if the scales don't tip in favor of one alternative
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ako plitica ne prevagne ni jednoj u korist
04:46
over another,
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nauštrb druge,
04:48
then surely the alternatives must be equally good.
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tada zasigurno alternative
moraju biti jednako dobre.
moraju biti jednako dobre.
Pa bi bilo ispravno reći za teške odabire
04:51
So maybe the right thing to say in hard choices
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04:53
is that they're between equally good options.
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da su zapravo izbori među
jednako dobrim opcijama.
jednako dobrim opcijama.
No to ne može biti ispravno.
04:56
But that can't be right.
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04:58
If alternatives are equally good,
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Ako su alternative jednako dobre,
04:59
you should just flip a coin between them,
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mogli biste samo baciti novčić
kako biste se odlučili,
kako biste se odlučili,
05:02
and it seems a mistake to think,
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no čini se pogrešnim misliti
05:03
here's how you should decide between careers,
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da je to pravi način odabira
među karijerama,
među karijerama,
05:06
places to live, people to marry: Flip a coin.
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mjestima za život, ljudima s kojima
se vjenčati: bacanje novčića.
se vjenčati: bacanje novčića.
05:10
There's another reason for thinking
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Postoji dodatni razlog zašto
05:12
that hard choices aren't choices
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teški odabiri nisu odabiri
05:14
between equally good options.
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između jednako dobrih opcija.
Zamislite da trebate odabrati
između dva posla:
između dva posla:
05:18
Suppose you have a choice between two jobs:
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mogli biste postati investicijski bankar
05:21
you could be an investment banker
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05:24
or a graphic artist.
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ili grafički umjetnik.
05:27
There are a variety of things
that matter in such a choice,
that matter in such a choice,
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Postoji niz razloga važnih
u takvome odabiru,
u takvome odabiru,
poput uzbuđenja što ga donosi posao,
05:30
like the excitement of the work,
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05:32
achieving financial security,
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postizanja financijske sigurnosti,
vremena dovoljnog da
podignete obitelj, i tako dalje.
podignete obitelj, i tako dalje.
05:34
having time to raise a family, and so on.
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Možda vas karijera umjetnika
05:36
Maybe the artist's career puts you
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može staviti na krajnji doseg novih oblika
05:39
on the cutting edge of new forms
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05:42
of pictorial expression.
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slikovnog izričaja.
05:43
Maybe the banking career
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Možda vas karijera u bankarstvu
05:45
puts you on the cutting edge
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može staviti na krajnji doseg
05:47
of new forms of financial manipulation.
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novih oblika financijskih manipulacija.
05:51
Imagine the two jobs however you like
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Zamislite dva posla na način
da nijedan nije bolji od drugoga.
05:54
so that neither is better than the other.
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A sad zamislite da jednog
od njih malo poboljšamo.
od njih malo poboljšamo.
05:57
Now suppose we improve one of them a bit.
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06:00
Suppose the bank, wooing you,
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Zamislite da banka,
pokušavajući vas pridobiti,
pokušavajući vas pridobiti,
06:03
adds 500 dollars a month to your salary.
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nadoda 500 dolara na vašu mjesečnu plaću.
06:06
Does the extra money now make the banking job
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Čini li dodatni novac posao u banci
06:10
better than the artist one?
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boljim od posla umjetnika?
06:12
Not necessarily.
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Ne nužno.
06:15
A higher salary makes the banking job
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Viša plaća čini posao u banci
06:17
better than it was before,
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boljim nego je bio ranije,
06:19
but it might not be enough to make
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no to ne mora biti dovoljno da učini
06:21
being a banker better than being an artist.
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posao bankara boljim od posla umjetnika.
06:25
But if an improvement in one of the jobs
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No ako poboljšanje jednog od poslova
ne čini taj posao boljim od drugoga
06:27
doesn't make it better than the other,
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06:29
then the two original jobs
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tada ona dva izvorno zamišljena posla
06:30
could not have been equally good.
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nisu mogla biti jednako dobra.
06:33
If you start with two things that are equally good,
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Ako krenete od dvije stvari
koje su jednako dobre,
koje su jednako dobre,
06:35
and you improve one of them,
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i poboljšate jednu od njih,
06:37
it now must be better than the other.
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tada bi ona morala postati boljom od druge.
06:40
That's not the case with options in hard choices.
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To nije slučaj s opcijama na
raspolaganju pri teškim odabirima.
raspolaganju pri teškim odabirima.
06:45
So now we've got a puzzle.
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I tako sad imamo zagonetku.
06:47
We've got two jobs.
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Imamo dva posla.
06:49
Neither is better than the other,
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Niti jedan nije bolji od drugoga,
06:51
nor are they equally good.
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niti su jednako dobri.
06:53
So how are we supposed to choose?
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Kako bismo onda trebali odabrati?
06:55
Something seems to have gone wrong here.
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Čini se da je nešto pošlo po krivu ovdje.
Možda je odabir sam po sebi problematičan
07:00
Maybe the choice itself is problematic
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07:02
and comparison is impossible.
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te je usporedba nemoguća.
07:06
But that can't be right.
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No to ne može biti točno.
07:07
It's not like we're trying to choose between
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Nije kao da pokušavamo odabrati između
07:09
two things that can't be compared.
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dvije stvari koje je nemoguće usporediti.
07:11
We're weighing the merits of two jobs, after all,
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Važemo između dobrobiti dvaju poslova,
na kraju,
na kraju,
07:15
not the merits of the number nine
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ne između dobrobiti broja devet
07:16
and a plate of fried eggs.
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i tanjura pečenih jaja.
Usporedba između sveukupne
dobrobiti dvaju poslova
dobrobiti dvaju poslova
07:19
A comparison of the overall merits of two jobs
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07:23
is something we can make,
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nešto je što možemo napraviti,
07:25
and one we often do make.
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i nešto što često radimo.
07:29
I think the puzzle arises
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Smatram da zagonetka nastaje
07:31
because of an unreflective assumption
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radi nepromišljene pretpostavke
07:33
we make about value.
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koju imamo o vrijednosti.
Nepromišljeno pretpostavljamo
da su vrijednosti
da su vrijednosti
07:36
We unwittingly assume that values
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07:39
like justice, beauty, kindness,
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poput pravde, ljepote, dobrodušnosti,
07:41
are akin to scientific quantities,
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srodne znanstvenim kvantitetama,
07:44
like length, mass and weight.
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poput dužine, mase i težine.
Uzmite bilo kakvu usporedbu
koja ne uključuje vrijednosti,
koja ne uključuje vrijednosti,
07:49
Take any comparative question not involving value,
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07:52
such as which of two suitcases is heavier.
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poput usporedbe težine dvaju kovčega.
Postoje samo tri mogućnosti.
07:55
There are only three possibilities.
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07:58
The weight of one is greater, lesser
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Težina jednog je veća, manja
08:01
or equal to the weight of the other.
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ili jednaka težini drugog.
08:04
Properties like weight can be represented
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Kvalitete poput težine
mogu biti predstavljene
mogu biti predstavljene
08:06
by real numbers -- one, two, three and so on --
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realnim brojevima -- jedan, dva,
tri i tako dalje --
tri i tako dalje --
08:09
and there are only three possible comparisons
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i postoje samo tri moguće usporedbe
08:12
between any two real numbers.
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među bilo koja dva realna broja.
08:15
One number is greater, lesser,
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Jedan je veći, manji
08:17
or equal to the other.
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ili jednak drugome.
08:20
Not so with values.
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Nije tako s vrijednostima.
08:23
As post-Enlightenment creatures,
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Kao bića post-prosvjetljenja,
naginjemo pretpostavci
08:25
we tend to assume
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da znanstveno razmišljanje drži ključ
08:27
that scientific thinking holds the key
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08:29
to everything of importance in our world,
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svega bitnog u ovom našem svijetu,
no svijet vrijednosti
08:33
but the world of value
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08:34
is different from the world of science.
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različit je od svijeta znanosti.
08:36
The stuff of the one world
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Materija od koje je napravljen jedan svijet
08:38
can be quantified by real numbers.
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može biti kvantificirana realnim brojevima.
08:40
The stuff of the other world can't.
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Materija drugoga ne može.
08:43
We shouldn't assume
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Ne bismo trebali pretpostavljati
08:45
that the world of is, of lengths and weights,
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da je svijet od ''jest'',
svijet dužina i težina,
svijet dužina i težina,
08:47
has the same structure as the world of ought,
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iste strukture kao svijet od ''treba'',
08:50
of what we should do.
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od onoga što bismo trebali raditi.
08:52
So if what matters to us --
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Stoga, ako ono što nam je bitno --
08:55
a child's delight, the love
you have for your partner —
you have for your partner —
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radost djeteta, ljubav koju
gajite prema partneru --
gajite prema partneru --
ne može biti prikazano realnim brojevima,
08:58
can't be represented by real numbers,
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tada nema razloga vjerovati
09:01
then there's no reason to believe
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09:03
that in choice, there are only three possibilities --
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da se pri odabirima nameću
tek tri mogućnosti --
tek tri mogućnosti --
09:06
that one alternative is better, worse or equal
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da je jedna alternativa bolja,
lošija ili jednaka
lošija ili jednaka
09:10
to the other.
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538127
1980
u odnosu na drugu.
09:12
We need to introduce a new, fourth relation
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Moramo uvesti nov, četvrti odnos
09:16
beyond being better, worse or equal,
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onkraj boljeg, goreg ili jednakog,
09:20
that describes what's going on in hard choices.
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koji opisuje što se događa
pri teškim odabirima.
pri teškim odabirima.
09:23
I like to say that the alternatives are
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Volim reći da su alternativni odabiri
09:25
"on a par."
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''al pari''.
09:27
When alternatives are on a par,
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1600
Kada su alternative ''al pari'',
09:28
it may matter very much which you choose,
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može itekako biti bitno koju odaberete,
09:32
but one alternative isn't better than the other.
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premda jedna alternativa
nije bolja od druge.
nije bolja od druge.
09:35
Rather, the alternatives are in
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Radije, alternative su
09:37
the same neighborhood of value,
221
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2278
u istom susjedstvu vrijednosti,
09:39
in the same league of value,
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567659
1999
u istoj ligi vrijednosti,
09:41
while at the same time being very different
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2525
premda se istovremeno jako razlikuju
09:44
in kind of value.
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prema vrsti vrijednosti.
09:46
That's why the choice is hard.
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3478
Zato je odabir težak.
09:49
Understanding hard choices in this way
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Shvaćanje teških odabira na ovaj način
09:52
uncovers something about ourselves we didn't know.
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otkriva nešto o nama
samima što nismo znali.
samima što nismo znali.
09:56
Each of us has the power
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Svatko od nas ima moć
09:58
to create reasons.
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da stvara razloge.
10:01
Imagine a world in which every choice you face
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Zamislite svijet u kojem je
svaki odabir s kojim se suočavate
svaki odabir s kojim se suočavate
10:05
is an easy choice,
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laki odabir,
10:06
that is, there's always a best alternative.
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to jest, da uvijek postoji
bolja alternativa.
bolja alternativa.
10:09
If there's a best alternative,
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1748
Ako postoji bolja alternativa,
10:10
then that's the one you should choose,
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1442
tada je ona ta koju trebaš odabrati,
10:12
because part of being rational
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jer biti racionalan među ostalim znači
10:14
is doing the better thing rather than the worse thing,
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2590
odabrati bolju povrh lošije stvari,
10:17
choosing what you have most reason to choose.
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604822
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napraviti odabir za koji imaš
najviše razloga da ga napraviš.
najviše razloga da ga napraviš.
10:20
In such a world,
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2062
U takvom svijetu,
10:22
we'd have most reason
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imali bismo najviše razloga
10:24
to wear black socks instead of pink socks,
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2480
nositi crne čarape umjesto rozih čarapa,
10:27
to eat cereal instead of donuts,
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1915
jesti žitarice umjesto krafni,
10:29
to live in the city rather than the country,
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1605
živjeti u gradu umjesto na selu,
10:30
to marry Betty instead of Lolita.
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2202
vjenčati se s Betty umjesto Lolitom.
10:32
A world full of only easy choices
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Svijet pun samo jednostavnih odabira,
10:35
would enslave us to reasons.
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učinio bi nas robovima razloga.
10:39
When you think about it,
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2567
Kada razmislite o tome,
10:42
it's nuts to believe
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suludo je vjerovati
10:45
that the reasons given to you
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da razlozi koji su vam dani
10:48
dictated that you had most reason to pursue
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4989
diktiraju da je najrazumnije baviti se
10:53
the exact hobbies you do,
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2758
baš onim hobijima kojima se bavite,
10:55
to live in the exact house you do,
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2279
živjeti baš u kući u kojoj živite,
10:58
to work at the exact job you do.
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3236
raditi baš taj posao kojeg radite.
11:01
Instead, you faced alternatives
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2528
Umjesto toga, suočili ste
se s alternativama
se s alternativama
11:03
that were on a par — hard choices —
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3415
koje su bile ''al pari'',
s teškim odabirima,
s teškim odabirima,
11:07
and you made reasons for yourself
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i stvorili ste sami za sebe razloge
11:10
to choose that hobby, that house and that job.
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radi kojih ste odabrali taj hobi,
tu kuću i taj posao.
tu kuću i taj posao.
11:14
When alternatives are on a par,
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2541
Kada su alternative ''al pari'',
11:17
the reasons given to us, the ones
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1730
razlozi koji su nam dani, oni
11:19
that determine whether we're making a mistake,
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2768
koji određuju činimo li pogrešku,
11:21
are silent as to what to do.
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utihnu u pogledu odabira
koje trebamo napraviti.
koje trebamo napraviti.
11:24
It's here, in the space of hard choices,
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Upravo ovdje, u području teških odabira,
11:28
that we get to exercise
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dobivamo priliku upotrijebiti
11:30
our normative power,
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2679
vlastitu normativnu moć,
11:33
the power to create reasons for yourself,
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moć da stvorimo razloge sami za sebe,
da se pretvorimo u
11:35
to make yourself
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11:37
into the kind of person
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2646
takvu osobu
11:40
for whom country living
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2233
za koju je život na selu
11:42
is preferable to the urban life.
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2733
poželjniji od urbanog života.
11:45
When we choose between
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Kada biramo između
11:46
options that are on a par,
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opcija koje su ''al pari'',
11:48
we can do something really rather remarkable.
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3773
možemo učiniti nešto zaista znamenito.
Možemo iza tog odabira
postaviti upravo sebe same.
postaviti upravo sebe same.
11:52
We can put our very selves behind an option.
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11:56
Here's where I stand.
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2817
Eto gdje sam ja.
11:58
Here's who I am. I am for banking.
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3386
Eto tko sam ja. Ja sam za bankarstvo.
12:02
I am for chocolate donuts.
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3636
Ja sam za čokoladne krafne.
12:05
This response in hard choices
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2543
Ovaj odgovor pri teškim odabirima
12:08
is a rational response,
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2088
je racionalan odgovor,
12:10
but it's not dictated by reasons given to us.
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2918
ali nije diktiran razlozima
koji su nam dani.
koji su nam dani.
12:13
Rather, it's supported by reasons created by us.
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6448
Radije, podržan je razlozima
koje smo sami stvorili.
koje smo sami stvorili.
12:19
When we create reasons for ourselves
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2405
Kada stvaramo razloge za sebe same,
12:22
to become this kind of person rather than that,
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3314
da postanemo ovakav tip osobe
radije nego onakav,
radije nego onakav,
12:25
we wholeheartedly become the people that we are.
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tada od sveg srca postajemo
ljudi koji jesmo.
ljudi koji jesmo.
12:29
You might say that we become the authors
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Moglo bi se reći da postajemo autori
12:31
of our own lives.
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vlastitih života.
12:34
So when we face hard choices,
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2452
Stoga, suočeni s teškim odabirima,
12:37
we shouldn't beat our head against a wall
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ne bismo trebali lupati glavom o zid
12:39
trying to figure out which alternative is better.
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2497
nastojeći shvatiti koja je alternativa bolja.
12:42
There is no best alternative.
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2439
Nema bolje alternative.
12:44
Instead of looking for reasons out there,
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2519
Umjesto da tražimo razloge negdje izvan nas,
12:47
we should be looking for reasons in here:
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2586
trebali bismo potražiti razloge tu unutra:
12:49
Who am I to be?
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2679
Tko to ja mogu biti?
12:52
You might decide to be a pink sock-wearing,
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3156
Ti možda odlučiš biti bankar rozih čarapa,
12:55
cereal-loving, country-living banker,
293
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3688
koji voli žitarice i živi na selu,
12:59
and I might decide to be a black sock-wearing,
294
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3576
a ja bih mogla odlučiti da
budem urbana umjetnica
budem urbana umjetnica
13:02
urban, donut-loving artist.
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3457
crnih čarapa koja voli krafne.
13:06
What we do in hard choices is very much
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2807
Što napravimo pri
teškim odabirima umnogome
teškim odabirima umnogome
13:09
up to each of us.
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3983
ovisi o svakome od nas.
13:13
Now, people who don't exercise their
normative powers in hard choices
normative powers in hard choices
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4651
Sad, ljudi koji ne primjenjuju svoju
normativnu moć pri teškim odabirima
normativnu moć pri teškim odabirima
13:17
are drifters.
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1615
plutaju.
13:19
We all know people like that.
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2082
Svi poznajemo takve ljude.
13:21
I drifted into being a lawyer.
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2150
Ja sam otplutala prema odvjetništvu.
13:23
I didn't put my agency behind lawyering.
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2091
Nisam zastupala sebe
kada sam odabrala odvjetništvo.
kada sam odabrala odvjetništvo.
13:25
I wasn't for lawyering.
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2680
Nisam bila za odvjetništvo.
13:28
Drifters allow the world
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2931
Plutači dopuštaju svijetu
13:31
to write the story of their lives.
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2224
da ispiše priču njihovih života.
13:33
They let mechanisms of reward and punishment --
306
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3903
Dopuštaju mehanizmima nagrade i kazne --
13:37
pats on the head, fear, the easiness of an option —
307
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3840
tapšanju po glavi, strahu, lakoći odabira --
13:41
to determine what they do.
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2671
da budu odrednice njihovog djelovanja.
13:43
So the lesson of hard choices:
309
811658
2476
Stoga se lekcija teških odabira
13:46
reflect on what you can put your agency behind,
310
814134
4475
odražava na ono u čemu
možeš zastupati sebe,
možeš zastupati sebe,
13:50
on what you can be for,
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2390
na ono što možeš podržati,
13:53
and through hard choices,
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2770
i kroz teške odabire,
13:55
become that person.
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2777
postati ta osoba.
13:58
Far from being sources of agony and dread,
314
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3178
Daleko od toga da budu
izvor agonije i strepnje,
izvor agonije i strepnje,
14:01
hard choices are precious opportunities
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3570
teški odabiri dragocjene su mogućnosti
14:05
for us to celebrate what is special
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1931
da proslavimo ono posebno
14:07
about the human condition,
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1833
u ljudskom stanju,
14:09
that the reasons that govern our choices
318
837058
2630
da razloga koji upravljaju našim odabirima,
14:11
as correct or incorrect
319
839688
1983
čineći ih ispravnima i neispravnima,
14:13
sometimes run out,
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1662
ponekad ponestane,
14:15
and it is here, in the space of hard choices,
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3223
i da ovdje, u predjelima teških odabira,
14:18
that we have the power
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1689
imamo moć
14:20
to create reasons for ourselves
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848245
2512
stvoriti razloge za sebe same
14:22
to become the distinctive people that we are.
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850757
3578
kako bismo postali
posebni ljudi kakvi jesmo.
posebni ljudi kakvi jesmo.
14:26
And that's why hard choices are not a curse
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I zato teški odabiri nisu prokletstvo
14:29
but a godsend.
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već blagoslov.
14:30
Thank you.
327
858605
2671
Hvala vam.
14:33
(Applause)
328
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3295
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ruth Chang - PhilosopherRuth Chang asks why some choices are so hard — and what that means for the human condition.
Why you should listen
When Ruth Chang graduated from college, she was presented with a choice: Should she pursue a career in philosophy, or a career in law? Soon after finishing Harvard Law School and dipping her toe in the legal world, she regretted her decision and switched paths. She went off to Oxford University to study philosophy and has been a philosopher studying choice, freedom, value and action ever since.
Chang's research focuses on decision-making and the human condition: How do we exercise our freedom through the choices we make? She studies the relationship between reason and value, and how we navigate the sea of pros and cons as we make decisions that shape our lives.
Ruth Chang | Speaker | TED.com