TED2017
Anil Seth: Your brain hallucinates your conscious reality
Anil Seth: Kako vaš mozak halucinira vašu svjesnu stvarnost
Filmed:
Readability: 4.1
9,317,527 views
U ovom trenutku milijarde neurona u vašem mozgu rade zajedno kako bi stvorili svjesno iskustvo – i ne samo bilo koje svjesno iskustvo, već svjesno iskustvo svijeta oko vas i vas u njemu. Kako se ovo događa? Prema neuroznanstveniku Anilu Sethu, svi haluciniramo cijelo vrijeme; kada se složimo oko naših halucinacija, to nazivamo „stvarnost“. Pridružite se Sethu u divno zbunjujućem govoru zbog kojeg će te možda preispitati samu prirodu vašeg postojanja.
Anil Seth - Cognitive neuroscientist
How can the "inner universe" of consciousness be explained in terms of mere biology and physics? Anil Seth explores the brain basis of consciousness and self. Full bio
How can the "inner universe" of consciousness be explained in terms of mere biology and physics? Anil Seth explores the brain basis of consciousness and self. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Just over a year ago,
0
920
1240
Prije samo jedne godine,
00:14
for the third time in my life,
I ceased to exist.
I ceased to exist.
1
2840
2376
po treći put u životu,
prestao sam postojati.
prestao sam postojati.
00:17
I was having a small operation,
and my brain was filling with anesthetic.
and my brain was filling with anesthetic.
2
5240
4280
Bio sam na maloj operaciji,
i moj se mozak ispunjavao anestetikom.
i moj se mozak ispunjavao anestetikom.
00:22
I remember a sense
of detachment and falling apart
of detachment and falling apart
3
10520
3336
Sjećam se osjećaja
odvojenosti i raspadanja
odvojenosti i raspadanja
00:25
and a coldness.
4
13880
1200
i hladnoće.
00:27
And then I was back,
drowsy and disoriented,
drowsy and disoriented,
5
15880
2416
I onda sam se vratio,
pospan i dezorijentiran,
pospan i dezorijentiran,
00:30
but definitely there.
6
18320
1440
ali definitivno ovdje.
00:32
Now, when you wake from a deep sleep,
7
20280
1816
Kad se probudite iz dubokog sna,
00:34
you might feel confused about the time
or anxious about oversleeping,
or anxious about oversleeping,
8
22120
3256
možda ćete biti zbunjeni oko vremena
ili zabrinuti zbog prespavanja,
ili zabrinuti zbog prespavanja,
00:37
but there's always a basic sense
of time having passed,
of time having passed,
9
25400
2736
ali uvijek postoji osnovni osjećaj
da je prošlo vrijeme,
da je prošlo vrijeme,
00:40
of a continuity between then and now.
10
28160
2216
kontinuiranosti između tada i sada.
00:42
Coming round from
anesthesia is very different.
anesthesia is very different.
11
30400
2216
Buđenje iz anestezije
dosta je drukčije.
dosta je drukčije.
00:44
I could have been under
for five minutes, five hours,
for five minutes, five hours,
12
32640
2496
Mogao sam biti pod anestezijom
pet minuta, pet sati,
pet minuta, pet sati,
00:47
five years or even 50 years.
13
35160
1416
5 godina ili čak 50 godina.
00:48
I simply wasn't there.
14
36600
1456
Jednostavno nisam bio ondje.
00:50
It was total oblivion.
15
38080
1240
To je bio potpuni zaborav.
00:52
Anesthesia --
it's a modern kind of magic.
it's a modern kind of magic.
16
40240
2056
Anestezija –
to je moderna vrsta magije.
to je moderna vrsta magije.
00:54
It turns people into objects,
17
42320
3176
Pretvara ljude u objekte,
00:57
and then, we hope, back again into people.
18
45520
2000
i potom, nadajmo se, opet nazad u ljude.
00:59
And in this process
19
47544
1232
I u ovom procesu,
01:00
is one of the greatest remaining
mysteries in science and philosophy.
mysteries in science and philosophy.
20
48800
3240
jedan je od najvećih preostalih
misterija znanosti i filozofije.
misterija znanosti i filozofije.
01:04
How does consciousness happen?
21
52400
1616
Kako se događa svjesnost?
01:06
Somehow, within each of our brains,
22
54040
2216
Nekako, unutar svakog od naših mozgova,
01:08
the combined activity
of many billions of neurons,
of many billions of neurons,
23
56280
2896
kombinirana aktivnost
mnogo milijardi neurona,
mnogo milijardi neurona,
01:11
each one a tiny biological machine,
24
59200
3016
od kojih je svaki mali biološki stroj,
01:14
is generating a conscious experience.
25
62240
1816
stvara svjesno iskustvo.
01:16
And not just any conscious experience --
26
64080
1936
I to ne bilo koje svjesno iskustvo --
01:18
your conscious experience
right here and right now.
right here and right now.
27
66040
2381
vaše svjesno iskustvo
upravo ovdje i sada.
upravo ovdje i sada.
01:20
How does this happen?
28
68445
1200
Kako se ovo događa?
01:22
Answering this question is so important
29
70560
2056
Odgovoriti na ovo pitanje tako je važno
01:24
because consciousness
for each of us is all there is.
for each of us is all there is.
30
72640
2856
zato što je svjesnost
za svakog od nas sve što postoji.
za svakog od nas sve što postoji.
01:27
Without it there's no world,
31
75520
2000
Bez nje nema svijeta,
01:30
there's no self,
32
78400
1376
nema sebstva,
01:31
there's nothing at all.
33
79800
1536
nema ničega.
01:33
And when we suffer, we suffer consciously
34
81360
1953
I kada patimo, patimo svjesno
01:35
whether it's through
mental illness or pain.
mental illness or pain.
35
83337
2080
bilo da je kroz
duševnu bolest ili bol.
duševnu bolest ili bol.
01:38
And if we can experience
joy and suffering,
joy and suffering,
36
86400
2936
I ako mi možemo iskusiti radost i patnju,
01:41
what about other animals?
37
89360
1440
što je s drugim životinjama?
01:43
Might they be conscious, too?
38
91320
1416
Možda su i one svjesne?
01:44
Do they also have a sense of self?
39
92760
1656
Imaju li one osjećaj sebstva?
01:46
And as computers get faster and smarter,
40
94440
3136
I kako računala postaju brža i pametnija,
01:49
maybe there will come a point,
maybe not too far away,
maybe not too far away,
41
97600
2576
možda će doći do točke,
možda ne tako daleke,
možda ne tako daleke,
01:52
when my iPhone develops
a sense of its own existence.
a sense of its own existence.
42
100200
2736
u kojoj će moj iPhone razviti
osjećaj vlastitog postojanja.
osjećaj vlastitog postojanja.
01:54
I actually think the prospects
for a conscious AI are pretty remote.
for a conscious AI are pretty remote.
43
102960
4480
Zapravo mislim da su izgledi za svjesnu
umjetnu inteligenciju poprilično daleko.
umjetnu inteligenciju poprilično daleko.
01:59
And I think this because
my research is telling me
my research is telling me
44
107960
2376
I to mislim zato što
mi moja istraživanja govore
mi moja istraživanja govore
02:02
that consciousness has less to do
with pure intelligence
with pure intelligence
45
110360
2656
da svjesnost ima manje veze
s čistom inteligencijom
s čistom inteligencijom
02:05
and more to do with our nature
as living and breathing organisms.
as living and breathing organisms.
46
113040
4576
i više veze sa našom prirodom
kao živućih i dišućih organizama.
kao živućih i dišućih organizama.
02:09
Consciousness and intelligence
are very different things.
are very different things.
47
117640
2696
Svjesnost i inteligencija
vrlo su različite stvari.
vrlo su različite stvari.
02:12
You don't have to be smart to suffer,
but you probably do have to be alive.
but you probably do have to be alive.
48
120360
3560
Ne morate biti pametni da biste patili,
ali vjerojatno morate biti živi.
ali vjerojatno morate biti živi.
02:17
In the story I'm going to tell you,
49
125200
1696
U priči koju ću vam ispričati,
02:18
our conscious experiences
of the world around us,
of the world around us,
50
126920
2336
naša svjesna iskustva
svijeta oko nas
svijeta oko nas
02:21
and of ourselves within it,
51
129280
1336
i nas u njemu
02:22
are kinds of controlled hallucinations
52
130639
2537
vrste su kontroliranih halucinacija
02:25
that happen with, through
and because of our living bodies.
and because of our living bodies.
53
133200
3840
koje se događaju s, kroz
i zbog naših živućih tijela.
i zbog naših živućih tijela.
02:29
Now, you might have heard
that we know nothing
that we know nothing
54
137840
3336
Možda ste čuli
da ne znamo ništa
da ne znamo ništa
02:33
about how the brain and body
give rise to consciousness.
give rise to consciousness.
55
141200
2736
o tome kako mozak i tijelo
stvaraju svijesnost.
stvaraju svijesnost.
02:35
Some people even say it's beyond
the reach of science altogether.
the reach of science altogether.
56
143960
3136
Neki čak kažu da je to izvan
sveukupnog dosega znanosti.
sveukupnog dosega znanosti.
02:39
But in fact,
57
147120
1216
Ali zapravo
02:40
the last 25 years have seen an explosion
of scientific work in this area.
of scientific work in this area.
58
148360
4136
zadnjih 25 godina dogodila se eksplozija
znanstvenog rada u ovom području.
znanstvenog rada u ovom području.
02:44
If you come to my lab
at the University of Sussex,
at the University of Sussex,
59
152520
2776
Ako dođete u moj laboratorij
na Sveučilistu Sussex,
na Sveučilistu Sussex,
02:47
you'll find scientists
from all different disciplines
from all different disciplines
60
155320
3160
pronaći ćete znanstvenike
različitih disciplina,
različitih disciplina,
02:51
and sometimes even philosophers.
61
159200
1920
a ponekad čak i filozofe.
02:53
All of us together trying to understand
how consciousness happens
how consciousness happens
62
161800
3976
Svi mi zajedno pokušavamo shvatiti
kako se svjesnost događa
kako se svjesnost događa
02:57
and what happens when it goes wrong.
63
165800
1720
i što se događa kad to pođe po zlu.
02:59
And the strategy is very simple.
64
167880
2136
I strategija je vrlo jednostavna.
03:02
I'd like you to think about consciousness
65
170040
1976
Volio bih da mislite o svjesnosti
03:04
in the way that we've
come to think about life.
come to think about life.
66
172040
2216
na način na koji
mislimo o životu.
mislimo o životu.
03:06
At one time, people thought
the property of being alive
the property of being alive
67
174280
2616
Jedno vrijeme, ljudi su mislili
da se svojstvo života
da se svojstvo života
03:08
could not be explained
by physics and chemistry --
by physics and chemistry --
68
176920
2616
nije moglo objasniti
fizikom i kemijom --
fizikom i kemijom --
03:11
that life had to be
more than just mechanism.
more than just mechanism.
69
179560
2160
život je morao biti
više nego samo mehanizam.
više nego samo mehanizam.
03:14
But people no longer think that.
70
182480
1896
Ali ljudi to više ne misle.
03:16
As biologists got on with the job
71
184400
1616
Kako su biolozi napredovali u poslu
03:18
of explaining the properties
of living systems
of living systems
72
186040
2576
objašnjavanja svojstava
živih sustava
živih sustava
03:20
in terms of physics and chemistry --
73
188640
1816
u pogledu fizike i kemije --
03:22
things like metabolism,
reproduction, homeostasis --
reproduction, homeostasis --
74
190480
3056
stvari kao metabolizam,
reprodukcija, homeostaza --
reprodukcija, homeostaza --
03:25
the basic mystery of what life is
started to fade away,
started to fade away,
75
193560
3816
osnovni misterij toga što je život
počeo je blijediti.
počeo je blijediti.
03:29
and people didn't propose
any more magical solutions,
any more magical solutions,
76
197400
3056
i ljudi nisu predlagali
više magična rješenja,
više magična rješenja,
03:32
like a force of life or an élan vital.
77
200480
2000
kao što je sila života ili élan vital.
03:35
So as with life, so with consciousness.
78
203080
2656
Kao i sa životom, tako i sa svjesnošću.
03:37
Once we start explaining its properties
79
205760
2296
Jednom kad počnemo
objašnjavati njezina svojstva
objašnjavati njezina svojstva
03:40
in terms of things happening
inside brains and bodies,
inside brains and bodies,
80
208080
3696
u pogledu stvari koje se događaju
unutar mozgova i tijela,
unutar mozgova i tijela,
03:43
the apparently insoluble mystery
of what consciousness is
of what consciousness is
81
211800
3416
naizgled nerješiva tajna svjesnosti
03:47
should start to fade away.
82
215240
1736
trebala bi početi blijediti.
03:49
At least that's the plan.
83
217000
1720
Barem je takav plan.
03:51
So let's get started.
84
219280
1256
Pa počnimo.
03:52
What are the properties of consciousness?
85
220560
1976
Koja su svojstva svjesnosti?
03:54
What should a science
of consciousness try to explain?
of consciousness try to explain?
86
222560
2524
Što bi znanost o svjesnosti
trebala objasniti?
trebala objasniti?
03:57
Well, for today I'd just like to think
of consciousness in two different ways.
of consciousness in two different ways.
87
225960
3696
Za danas bih volio razmišljati
o svjesnosti na dva različita načina.
o svjesnosti na dva različita načina.
04:01
There are experiences
of the world around us,
of the world around us,
88
229680
2376
Postoje iskustva svijeta oko nas,
04:04
full of sights, sounds and smells,
89
232080
2216
puna slika, zvukova i mirisa,
04:06
there's multisensory, panoramic,
3D, fully immersive inner movie.
3D, fully immersive inner movie.
90
234320
3920
postoji multisenzorni, panoramski
3D, u potpunosti uronjen unutarnji film.
3D, u potpunosti uronjen unutarnji film.
04:11
And then there's conscious self.
91
239000
1560
I postoji svjesno sebstvo.
04:13
The specific experience
of being you or being me.
of being you or being me.
92
241080
2456
Specifično iskustvo
bivanja vas ili bivanja mene.
bivanja vas ili bivanja mene.
04:15
The lead character in this inner movie,
93
243560
2016
Glavni lik u ovom unutarnjem filmu
04:17
and probably the aspect of consciousness
we all cling to most tightly.
we all cling to most tightly.
94
245600
3360
i vjerojatno aspekt svjesnosti
za koji se najviše držimo.
za koji se najviše držimo.
04:21
Let's start with experiences
of the world around us,
of the world around us,
95
249840
2456
Počnimo sa iskustvima
svijeta oko nas,
svijeta oko nas,
04:24
and with the important idea
of the brain as a prediction engine.
of the brain as a prediction engine.
96
252320
3735
i s važnom idejom
mozga kao stroja za predviđanje.
mozga kao stroja za predviđanje.
04:28
Imagine being a brain.
97
256079
1760
Zamislite da ste mozak.
04:30
You're locked inside a bony skull,
98
258600
1655
Zatvoreni unutar koščate lubanje,
04:32
trying to figure
what's out there in the world.
what's out there in the world.
99
260279
2217
pokušavajući shvatiti
što je vani u svijetu.
što je vani u svijetu.
04:34
There's no lights inside the skull.
There's no sound either.
There's no sound either.
100
262520
3016
Nema svijetla unutar lubanje.
Također nema ni zvuka.
Također nema ni zvuka.
04:37
All you've got to go on
is streams of electrical impulses
is streams of electrical impulses
101
265560
2776
Sve s čime radite su
rijeke električnih impulsa
rijeke električnih impulsa
04:40
which are only indirectly related
to things in the world,
to things in the world,
102
268360
3176
koji su samo neizravno povezani
sa stvarima u svijetu,
sa stvarima u svijetu,
04:43
whatever they may be.
103
271560
1200
što god da one bile.
04:45
So perception --
figuring out what's there --
figuring out what's there --
104
273520
2136
Percepcija –
odgonetavanje što je tamo --
odgonetavanje što je tamo --
04:47
has to be a process of informed guesswork
105
275680
2856
mora biti proces informiranog pogađanja
04:50
in which the brain combines
these sensory signals
these sensory signals
106
278560
3136
u kojoj mozak kombinira
sve te senzorne signale
sve te senzorne signale
04:53
with its prior expectations or beliefs
about the way the world is
about the way the world is
107
281720
4056
sa svojim prijašnjim očekivanjima
ili vjerovanjima o tome kakav je svijet
ili vjerovanjima o tome kakav je svijet
04:57
to form its best guess
of what caused those signals.
of what caused those signals.
108
285800
3136
kako bi formirao najbolje nagađanje
što je uzrokovalo te signale.
što je uzrokovalo te signale.
05:00
The brain doesn't hear sound or see light.
109
288960
2696
Mozak ne čuje zvuk ili vidi svjetlo
05:03
What we perceive is its best guess
of what's out there in the world.
of what's out there in the world.
110
291680
4360
Ono što opažamo je njegovo najbolje
nagađanje o tome što je vani u svijetu.
nagađanje o tome što je vani u svijetu.
05:09
Let me give you a couple
of examples of all this.
of examples of all this.
111
297040
2920
Dat ću vam nekoliko
primjera svega toga.
primjera svega toga.
05:12
You might have seen this illusion before,
112
300400
1976
Možda ste vidjeli prije ovu iluziju,
05:14
but I'd like you to think
about it in a new way.
about it in a new way.
113
302400
2256
ali volio bih da razmislite
o njoj na novi način.
o njoj na novi način.
05:16
If you look at those two patches, A and B,
114
304680
2056
Ako pogledate ova dva dijela, A i B,
05:18
they should look to you to be
very different shades of gray, right?
very different shades of gray, right?
115
306760
3320
trebali bi vam izgledati kao
vrlo različite nijanse sive, jelda?
vrlo različite nijanse sive, jelda?
05:23
But they are in fact
exactly the same shade.
exactly the same shade.
116
311040
2976
Ali to je zapravo
potpuno ista nijansa.
potpuno ista nijansa.
05:26
And I can illustrate this.
117
314040
1336
I mogu vam to pokazati.
05:27
If I put up a second version
of the image here
of the image here
118
315400
2216
Ako postavi drugu
verziju slike ovdje
verziju slike ovdje
05:29
and join the two patches
with a gray-colored bar,
with a gray-colored bar,
119
317640
3016
i povežem dva dijela
sa sivo obojanim stupcem,
sa sivo obojanim stupcem,
05:32
you can see there's no difference.
120
320680
1656
možete vidjeti da nema razlike.
05:34
It's exactly the same shade of gray.
121
322360
1776
To je potpuno ista nijansa sive.
05:36
And if you still don't believe me,
122
324160
1656
I ako mi još uvijek ne vjerujete,
05:37
I'll bring the bar across
and join them up.
and join them up.
123
325840
2240
Stavit ću stupac
prijeko i spojiti ih.
prijeko i spojiti ih.
05:40
It's a single colored block of gray,
there's no difference at all.
there's no difference at all.
124
328680
3360
To je blok u jednoj boji sive,
i uopće nema razlik.
i uopće nema razlik.
05:44
This isn't any kind of magic trick.
125
332760
1696
Ovo nije nekakav magični trik.
05:46
It's the same shade of gray,
126
334480
1416
To je ista nijansa sive,
05:47
but take it away again,
and it looks different.
and it looks different.
127
335920
2200
ali oduzmite to opet,
i izgleda drukčije.
i izgleda drukčije.
05:51
So what's happening here
128
339240
1256
Ono što se događa ovdje
05:52
is that the brain
is using its prior expectations
is using its prior expectations
129
340520
2816
je da mozak koristi svoja
prijašnja očekivanja
prijašnja očekivanja
05:55
built deeply into the circuits
of the visual cortex
of the visual cortex
130
343360
3096
ugrađena duboko u mreže
vizualnog korteksa
vizualnog korteksa
05:58
that a cast shadow dims
the appearance of a surface,
the appearance of a surface,
131
346480
2696
da bačena sjena zatamnjuje
izgled neke površine,
izgled neke površine,
06:01
so that we see B as lighter
than it really is.
than it really is.
132
349200
3640
tako da vidimo B kao svjetliji
nego što stvarno je.
nego što stvarno je.
06:05
Here's one more example,
133
353920
1256
Evo još jedan primjer,
06:07
which shows just how quickly
the brain can use new predictions
the brain can use new predictions
134
355200
3176
koji pokazuje koliko brzo
mozak može upotrijebiti nova predviđanja
mozak može upotrijebiti nova predviđanja
06:10
to change what we consciously experience.
135
358400
2296
kako bi promjenio ono što
svjesno doživljavamo.
svjesno doživljavamo.
06:12
Have a listen to this.
136
360720
1200
Poslušajte ovo.
06:15
(Distorted voice)
137
363440
3040
(Deformirani glas)
06:19
Sounded strange, right?
138
367320
1576
Zvučalo je čudno, zar ne?
06:20
Have a listen again
and see if you can get anything.
and see if you can get anything.
139
368920
2429
Poslušajte opet
i vidite možete li čuti nešto.
i vidite možete li čuti nešto.
06:23
(Distorted voice)
140
371760
2960
(Deformirani glas)
06:27
Still strange.
141
375880
1256
Još uvijek čudno.
06:29
Now listen to this.
142
377160
1200
Sad slušajte ovo.
06:30
(Recording) Anil Seth: I think Brexit
is a really terrible idea.
is a really terrible idea.
143
378920
3056
(Snimka) Anil Seth: Mislim da je Brexit
stvarno užasna ideja.
stvarno užasna ideja.
06:34
(Laughter)
144
382000
1336
(Smijeh)
06:35
Which I do.
145
383360
1216
Što i mislim.
06:36
So you heard some words there, right?
146
384600
1816
Čuli ste neke riječi tamo, zar ne?
06:38
Now listen to the first sound again.
I'm just going to replay it.
I'm just going to replay it.
147
386440
3096
Sad slušajte ponovno prvi zvuk.
Opet ću ga pustiti.
Opet ću ga pustiti.
06:41
(Distorted voice)
148
389560
3056
(Deformirani glas)
06:44
Yeah? So you can now hear words there.
149
392640
2496
Da? Pa sada možete čuti rječi ovdje.
06:47
Once more for luck.
150
395160
1200
Još jednom za sreću.
06:49
(Distorted voice)
151
397040
3000
(Deformirani glas)
06:53
OK, so what's going on here?
152
401000
2256
Ok, što se događa ovdje?
06:55
The remarkable thing is the sensory
information coming into the brain
information coming into the brain
153
403280
3576
Izvanredna stvar je da se senzorna
informacija koja dolazi u mozak
informacija koja dolazi u mozak
06:58
hasn't changed at all.
154
406880
1200
uopće nije promijenila.
07:00
All that's changed
is your brain's best guess
is your brain's best guess
155
408680
2536
Sve što se promijenilo
najbolje je nagađanje vašeg mozga
najbolje je nagađanje vašeg mozga
07:03
of the causes of that sensory information.
156
411240
2056
o uzroku te senzorne informacije.
07:05
And that changes
what you consciously hear.
what you consciously hear.
157
413320
2360
I to mijenja
ono što svjesno čujete.
ono što svjesno čujete.
07:08
All this puts the brain
basis of perception
basis of perception
158
416560
3136
Sve ovo stavlja
bazu percepcije mozga
bazu percepcije mozga
07:11
in a bit of a different light.
159
419720
1456
u malo drukčije svjetlo.
07:13
Instead of perception depending largely
on signals coming into the brain
on signals coming into the brain
160
421200
4016
Umjesto da percepcija ovisi većinom
o signalima koji dolaze u mozak
o signalima koji dolaze u mozak
07:17
from the outside world,
161
425240
1536
iz vanjskog svijeta,
07:18
it depends as much, if not more,
162
426800
2496
ovisi isto toliko, ako ne i više,
07:21
on perceptual predictions
flowing in the opposite direction.
flowing in the opposite direction.
163
429320
3920
o perceptualnim predviđanjima
koja se kreću u suprotnom smjeru.
koja se kreću u suprotnom smjeru.
07:26
We don't just passively
perceive the world,
perceive the world,
164
434160
2056
Mi ne percepiramo
samo pasivno ovaj svijet,
samo pasivno ovaj svijet,
07:28
we actively generate it.
165
436240
1696
već ga i aktivno stvaramo.
07:29
The world we experience
comes as much, if not more,
comes as much, if not more,
166
437960
2616
Svijet koji doživljavamo
dolazi toliko, ako ne i više,
dolazi toliko, ako ne i više,
07:32
from the inside out
167
440600
1336
od iznutra prema van
07:33
as from the outside in.
168
441960
1320
kao i od van prema unutra.
07:35
Let me give you
one more example of perception
one more example of perception
169
443640
2176
Dopustite mi da dam
jedan primjer percepcije
jedan primjer percepcije
07:37
as this active, constructive process.
170
445840
2880
kao ovog aktivnog, konstruktivnog procesa.
07:41
Here we've combined immersive
virtual reality with image processing
virtual reality with image processing
171
449400
5136
Ovdje smo kombinirali
virtualnu stvarnost sa procesiranjem slika
virtualnu stvarnost sa procesiranjem slika
07:46
to simulate the effects
of overly strong perceptual predictions
of overly strong perceptual predictions
172
454560
2976
kako bi simulirali učinke
odviše jakih perceptualnih predviđanja
odviše jakih perceptualnih predviđanja
07:49
on experience.
173
457560
1336
na iskustvo.
07:50
In this panoramic video,
we've transformed the world --
we've transformed the world --
174
458920
2896
U ovom panoramskom videu
transformirali smo svijet,
transformirali smo svijet,
07:53
which is in this case Sussex campus --
175
461840
1896
koji je u ovom slučaju kampus Sussexa,
07:55
into a psychedelic playground.
176
463760
1560
u psihodelično igralište.
07:57
We've processed the footage using
an algorithm based on Google's Deep Dream
an algorithm based on Google's Deep Dream
177
465760
3856
Procesirali smo snimku koristeći algoritam
temeljen na Googleovom Deep Dream-u
temeljen na Googleovom Deep Dream-u
08:01
to simulate the effects
of overly strong perceptual predictions.
of overly strong perceptual predictions.
178
469640
4096
kako bi simulirali učinke
odviše snažnih perceptualnih predviđanja.
odviše snažnih perceptualnih predviđanja.
08:05
In this case, to see dogs.
179
473760
1616
U ovom slučaju kako bi vidjeli pse.
08:07
And you can see
this is a very strange thing.
this is a very strange thing.
180
475400
2136
I kao što vidite to
je vrlo čudna stvar.
je vrlo čudna stvar.
08:09
When perceptual
predictions are too strong,
predictions are too strong,
181
477560
2096
Kad su perceptualna
predviđanja previše snažna
predviđanja previše snažna
08:11
as they are here,
182
479680
1376
kao što su ovdje,
08:13
the result looks very much
like the kinds of hallucinations
like the kinds of hallucinations
183
481080
2896
rezultat izgleda vrlo slično
nekim halucinacijama
nekim halucinacijama
08:16
people might report in altered states,
184
484000
2016
koje ljudi dožive
u promijenjenom stanju,
u promijenjenom stanju,
08:18
or perhaps even in psychosis.
185
486040
2080
ili možda čak i u psihozi.
08:21
Now, think about this for a minute.
186
489120
1667
Razmislite o ovome na trenutak.
08:23
If hallucination is a kind
of uncontrolled perception,
of uncontrolled perception,
187
491160
5096
Ako je halucinacija vrsta
nekontrolirane percepcije
nekontrolirane percepcije
08:28
then perception right here and right now
is also a kind of hallucination,
is also a kind of hallucination,
188
496280
4456
onda je percepcija ovdje i sada
također vrsta halucinacije,
također vrsta halucinacije,
08:32
but a controlled hallucination
189
500760
2016
ali kontrolirane halucinacije
08:34
in which the brain's predictions
are being reigned in
are being reigned in
190
502800
2896
u kojoj su predviđanja
mozga kontrolirana
mozga kontrolirana
08:37
by sensory information from the world.
191
505720
1880
senzornim informacijama iz svijeta.
08:40
In fact, we're all
hallucinating all the time,
hallucinating all the time,
192
508200
2976
U stvari, mi svi
haluciniramo cijelo vrijeme,
haluciniramo cijelo vrijeme,
08:43
including right now.
193
511200
1376
uključujući ovdje sada.
08:44
It's just that when we agree
about our hallucinations,
about our hallucinations,
194
512600
2816
Jedino što kad se slažemo
oko naših halucinacija,
oko naših halucinacija,
08:47
we call that reality.
195
515440
1200
to zovemo stvarnost.
08:49
(Laughter)
196
517280
3936
(Smijeh)
08:53
Now I'm going to tell you
that your experience of being a self,
that your experience of being a self,
197
521240
3336
Sada ću vam reći
da je vaše iskustvo sebstva,
da je vaše iskustvo sebstva,
08:56
the specific experience of being you,
198
524600
1816
specifično iskustvo bivanja vas,
08:58
is also a controlled hallucination
generated by the brain.
generated by the brain.
199
526440
3496
također kontrolirana halucinacija
koju stvara mozak.
koju stvara mozak.
09:01
This seems a very strange idea, right?
200
529960
2016
Čini se kao vrlo čudna ideja, zar ne?
09:04
Yes, visual illusions
might deceive my eyes,
might deceive my eyes,
201
532000
2136
Da, vizualne iluzije
mogu prevariti moje oči,
mogu prevariti moje oči,
09:06
but how could I be deceived
about what it means to be me?
about what it means to be me?
202
534160
3520
Ali kako mogu biti prevaren
u vezi toga što znači biti ja?
u vezi toga što znači biti ja?
09:10
For most of us,
203
538200
1216
Za većinu nas,
09:11
the experience of being a person
204
539440
1576
iskustvo bivanja osobom
09:13
is so familiar, so unified
and so continuous
and so continuous
205
541040
2096
tako je blisko, ujedinjeno i kontinuirano
09:15
that it's difficult
not to take it for granted.
not to take it for granted.
206
543160
2216
da je teško ne uzimati
ga zdravo za gotovo.
ga zdravo za gotovo.
09:17
But we shouldn't take it for granted.
207
545400
1816
Ali ne bismo trebali.
09:19
There are in fact many different ways
we experience being a self.
we experience being a self.
208
547240
3216
U stvari postoje mnogi načini
na koje doživljavamo sebstvo.
na koje doživljavamo sebstvo.
09:22
There's the experience of having a body
209
550480
2096
Tu je iskustvo imanja tijela
09:24
and of being a body.
210
552600
1456
i bivanja tijelom.
09:26
There are experiences
of perceiving the world
of perceiving the world
211
554080
2136
Tu su iskustva
doživljavanja svijeta
doživljavanja svijeta
09:28
from a first person point of view.
212
556240
1640
u prvom licu.
09:30
There are experiences
of intending to do things
of intending to do things
213
558240
2216
Tu su iskustva
namjeravanja raditi stvari
namjeravanja raditi stvari
09:32
and of being the cause of things
that happen in the world.
that happen in the world.
214
560480
2720
i bivanja uzrokom stvari
koje se događaju u svijetu.
koje se događaju u svijetu.
09:35
And there are experiences
215
563640
1256
I tu su iskustva
09:36
of being a continuous
and distinctive person over time,
and distinctive person over time,
216
564920
3896
bivanja kontinurianom
i karakterističnom osobom tijekom vremena,
i karakterističnom osobom tijekom vremena,
09:40
built from a rich set
of memories and social interactions.
of memories and social interactions.
217
568840
2840
izgrađena od kompleta
sjećanja i socijalnih interakcija.
sjećanja i socijalnih interakcija.
09:44
Many experiments show,
218
572200
1296
Mnogi pokusi pokazuju,
09:45
and psychiatrists
and neurologists know very well,
and neurologists know very well,
219
573520
2336
a psihijatri i neurolozi vrlo dobro znaju,
09:47
that these different ways
in which we experience being a self
in which we experience being a self
220
575880
2896
da se svi ovi različiti načini
na koje doživljavamo sebstvo
na koje doživljavamo sebstvo
09:50
can all come apart.
221
578800
1696
mogu raspasti.
09:52
What this means is
the basic background experience
the basic background experience
222
580520
2896
To znači da je osnovno
pozadinsko iskustvo
pozadinsko iskustvo
09:55
of being a unified self is a rather
fragile construction of the brain.
fragile construction of the brain.
223
583440
4576
bivanja ujedinjenim sobom dosta
krhka konstrukcija mozga.
krhka konstrukcija mozga.
10:00
Another experience,
which just like all others,
which just like all others,
224
588040
2656
Drugo iskustvo
koje kao i sva ostala,
koje kao i sva ostala,
10:02
requires explanation.
225
590720
1200
zahtijeva objašnjenje.
10:04
So let's return to the bodily self.
226
592720
1776
Vratimo se tjelesnom sebstvu.
10:06
How does the brain generate
the experience of being a body
the experience of being a body
227
594520
2736
Kako mozak stvara
iskustvo bivanja tijelom
iskustvo bivanja tijelom
10:09
and of having a body?
228
597280
1256
i imanja tijela.
10:10
Well, just the same principles apply.
229
598560
1856
Vrijede upravo isti principi.
10:12
The brain makes its best guess
230
600440
1456
Mozak radi najbolje nagađanje
10:13
about what is and what is not
part of its body.
part of its body.
231
601920
2200
o tome što je i što nije
dio njegovog tijela.
dio njegovog tijela.
10:16
And there's a beautiful experiment
in neuroscience to illustrate this.
in neuroscience to illustrate this.
232
604880
3736
I postoji prekrasan pokus
u neuroznanosti koji prikazuje ovo.
u neuroznanosti koji prikazuje ovo.
10:20
And unlike most neuroscience experiments,
233
608640
1976
Za razliku od većine
pokusa u neuroznanosti,
pokusa u neuroznanosti,
10:22
this is one you can do at home.
234
610640
1496
ovaj možete napraviti kod kuće.
10:24
All you need is one of these.
235
612160
1896
Sve što trebate je ovo.
10:26
(Laughter)
236
614080
1256
(Smijeh)
10:27
And a couple of paintbrushes.
237
615360
1440
I nekoliko kistova.
10:30
In the rubber hand illusion,
238
618880
1376
U iluziji gumene ruke,
10:32
a person's real hand is hidden from view,
239
620280
1976
prava ruka osobe je skrivena
10:34
and that fake rubber hand
is placed in front of them.
is placed in front of them.
240
622280
2616
i ta lažna gumena ruka
je postavljena ispred.
je postavljena ispred.
10:36
Then both hands are simultaneously
stroked with a paintbrush
stroked with a paintbrush
241
624920
3256
Potom su obje ruke istovremeno
dodirivane kistom
dodirivane kistom
10:40
while the person stares at the fake hand.
242
628200
2680
dok osoba gleda u lažnu ruku.
10:43
Now, for most people, after a while,
243
631320
1976
Za većinu ljudi nakon nekog vremena,
10:45
this leads to the very uncanny sensation
244
633320
2096
ovo dovodi do vrlo jezovitog osjećaja
10:47
that the fake hand
is in fact part of their body.
is in fact part of their body.
245
635440
2600
da je lažna ruka
ustvari dio njihovog tijela.
ustvari dio njihovog tijela.
10:51
And the idea is that the congruence
between seeing touch and feeling touch
between seeing touch and feeling touch
246
639640
4176
I ideja je da kongruentnost
između gledanja dodira i osjećanja dodira
između gledanja dodira i osjećanja dodira
10:55
on an object that looks like hand
and is roughly where a hand should be,
and is roughly where a hand should be,
247
643840
4376
na objektu koji izgleda kao ruka i
nalazi se otprilike gdje ruka treba biti,
nalazi se otprilike gdje ruka treba biti,
11:00
is enough evidence for the brain
to make its best guess
to make its best guess
248
648240
2776
dovoljno je dokaza za mozak
da napravi najbolje nagađanje
da napravi najbolje nagađanje
11:03
that the fake hand
is in fact part of the body.
is in fact part of the body.
249
651040
3216
da je lažna ruka
u stvari dio tijela.
u stvari dio tijela.
11:06
(Laughter)
250
654280
2600
(Smijeh)
11:15
So you can measure
all kinds of clever things.
all kinds of clever things.
251
663240
2256
Pa možete mjeriti
sve vrste pametnih stvari.
sve vrste pametnih stvari.
11:17
You can measure skin conductance
and startle responses,
and startle responses,
252
665520
3296
Možete mjeriti vodljivost kože
i šokirane odgovore,
i šokirane odgovore,
11:20
but there's no need.
253
668840
1256
ali nema potrebe.
11:22
It's clear the guy in blue
has assimilated the fake hand.
has assimilated the fake hand.
254
670120
2936
Očito da je čovjek u plavom
asimilirao lažnu ruku.
asimilirao lažnu ruku.
11:25
This means that even experiences
of what our body is
of what our body is
255
673080
3416
Ovo znači da su čak i iskustva
o tome što je naše tijelo
o tome što je naše tijelo
11:28
is a kind of best guessing --
256
676520
1536
vrsta najboljeg pogađanja --
11:30
a kind of controlled
hallucination by the brain.
hallucination by the brain.
257
678080
2480
vrsta kontrolirane halucinacije mozga.
11:33
There's one more thing.
258
681480
1200
Ima još jedna stvar.
11:36
We don't just experience our bodies
as objects in the world from the outside,
as objects in the world from the outside,
259
684120
3656
Ne doživljavamo naša tijela
kao objekte u svijetu izvana,
kao objekte u svijetu izvana,
11:39
we also experience them from within.
260
687800
1736
također ih doživljavamo iznutra.
11:41
We all experience the sense
of being a body from the inside.
of being a body from the inside.
261
689560
4240
Svi doživljavamo osjećaj
bivanja tijelom iznutra.
bivanja tijelom iznutra.
11:47
And sensory signals
coming from the inside of the body
coming from the inside of the body
262
695000
2576
I senzorni signali
koji dolaze iz unutrašnjosti tijela
koji dolaze iz unutrašnjosti tijela
11:49
are continually telling the brain
about the state of the internal organs,
about the state of the internal organs,
263
697600
4056
kontinuirano govore mozgu
o stanju unutarnjih organa,
o stanju unutarnjih organa,
11:53
how the heart is doing,
what the blood pressure is like,
what the blood pressure is like,
264
701680
2656
kako srce radi,
kakav je krvni tlak,
kakav je krvni tlak,
11:56
lots of things.
265
704360
1216
mnogo stvari.
11:57
This kind of perception,
which we call interoception,
which we call interoception,
266
705600
2480
Ova vrsta percepcije,
koju zovemo interocepcija,
koju zovemo interocepcija,
12:00
is rather overlooked.
267
708840
1256
dosta je zanemarena.
12:02
But it's critically important
268
710120
1416
Ali je kritično važna
12:03
because perception and regulation
of the internal state of the body --
of the internal state of the body --
269
711560
3336
jer percepcija i regulacija
unutarnjeg stanja tijela --
unutarnjeg stanja tijela --
12:06
well, that's what keeps us alive.
270
714920
1600
to je ono što nas
održava na životu.
održava na životu.
12:09
Here's another version
of the rubber hand illusion.
of the rubber hand illusion.
271
717400
2416
Evo druge verzije
iluzije gumene ruke.
iluzije gumene ruke.
12:11
This is from our lab at Sussex.
272
719840
1496
Ovo je iz laboratorija u Sussexu.
12:13
And here, people see
a virtual reality version of their hand,
a virtual reality version of their hand,
273
721360
3416
I ovdje, ljudi vide
verziju virtualne stvarnosti njihove ruke,
verziju virtualne stvarnosti njihove ruke,
12:16
which flashes red and back
274
724800
1376
koja bljeska crveno i crno
12:18
either in time or out of time
with their heartbeat.
with their heartbeat.
275
726200
3256
sinkrono ili asinkrono
s njihovim pulsom.
s njihovim pulsom.
12:21
And when it's flashing
in time with their heartbeat,
in time with their heartbeat,
276
729480
2456
i kad bljeska
sinkrono sa njihovim pulsom
sinkrono sa njihovim pulsom
12:23
people have a stronger sense
that it's in fact part of their body.
that it's in fact part of their body.
277
731960
3120
ljudi imaju jači osjećaj
da je ruka stvarno dio njihovog tijela.
da je ruka stvarno dio njihovog tijela.
12:27
So experiences of having a body
are deeply grounded
are deeply grounded
278
735720
3496
Tako da je iskustvo imanja tijela
duboko utemeljeno
duboko utemeljeno
12:31
in perceiving our bodies from within.
279
739240
2400
u percepciji naših tijela iznutra.
12:35
There's one last thing
I want to draw your attention to,
I want to draw your attention to,
280
743680
2656
Posljednja stvar na koju bih
vam htio privući pozornost,
vam htio privući pozornost,
12:38
which is that experiences of the body
from the inside are very different
from the inside are very different
281
746360
3656
koja je da doživljaji iz tijela
iznutra su vrlo drukčiji
iznutra su vrlo drukčiji
12:42
from experiences of the world around us.
282
750040
2056
od doživljaja svijeta oko nas.
12:44
When I look around me,
the world seems full of objects --
the world seems full of objects --
283
752120
2696
Kada pogledam oko sebe,
svijet se čini pun objekata --
svijet se čini pun objekata --
12:46
tables, chairs, rubber hands,
284
754840
2176
stolovi, stolice, gumene ruke,
12:49
people, you lot --
285
757040
1736
ljudi, vi --
12:50
even my own body in the world,
286
758800
1976
čak i svoje tijelo u svijetu,
12:52
I can perceive it
as an object from the outside.
as an object from the outside.
287
760800
2256
mogu ga percipirati
kao objekt izvana.
kao objekt izvana.
12:55
But my experiences
of the body from within,
of the body from within,
288
763080
2056
Ali moji doživljaji tijela iznutra,
12:57
they're not like that at all.
289
765160
1416
Uopće nisu takvi.
12:58
I don't perceive my kidneys here,
290
766600
2056
Ne percipiram svoje bubrege ovdje,
13:00
my liver here,
291
768680
1576
svoju jetru ovdje,
13:02
my spleen ...
292
770280
1256
svoju slezenu…
13:03
I don't know where my spleen is,
293
771560
1896
Ne znam gdje je moja slezena,
13:05
but it's somewhere.
294
773480
1376
ali je negdje.
13:06
I don't perceive my insides as objects.
295
774880
1896
Ne percipiram svoju utrobu kao objekte.
13:08
In fact, I don't experience them
much at all unless they go wrong.
much at all unless they go wrong.
296
776800
3640
U stvari, ne doživljavam ju
uopće osim ako nešto ne pođe po zlu.
uopće osim ako nešto ne pođe po zlu.
13:13
And this is important, I think.
297
781400
1480
I mislim da je to važno.
13:15
Perception of the internal
state of the body
state of the body
298
783600
2096
Percepcija unutarnjeg
stanja tijela
stanja tijela
13:17
isn't about figuring out what's there,
299
785720
1856
nije u otkrivanju što je tamo,
13:19
it's about control and regulation --
300
787600
2136
već je u vezi s kontrolom i regulacijom --
13:21
keeping the physiological variables
within the tight bounds
within the tight bounds
301
789760
3896
održavanje fizioloških varijabla
unutar uskih granica
unutar uskih granica
13:25
that are compatible with survival.
302
793680
1840
kompatibilnih s preživljavanjem.
13:28
When the brain uses predictions
to figure out what's there,
to figure out what's there,
303
796640
2856
Kad mozak koristi predviđanja
kako bi otkrio što je tamo,
kako bi otkrio što je tamo,
13:31
we perceive objects
as the causes of sensations.
as the causes of sensations.
304
799520
3096
percipiramo objekte
kao uzroke osjeta.
kao uzroke osjeta.
13:34
When the brain uses predictions
to control and regulate things,
to control and regulate things,
305
802640
3616
Kad mozak koristi predviđanja
kako bi kontrolirao i regulirao stvari,
kako bi kontrolirao i regulirao stvari,
13:38
we experience how well
or how badly that control is going.
or how badly that control is going.
306
806280
3160
doživljavamo koliko dobro
ili koliko loše se ta kontrola odvija.
ili koliko loše se ta kontrola odvija.
13:41
So our most basic experiences
of being a self,
of being a self,
307
809880
2816
Naši najosnovniji doživljaji sebstva
13:44
of being an embodied organism,
308
812720
2056
bivanja utjelovljenim organizmom,
13:46
are deeply grounded in the biological
mechanisms that keep us alive.
mechanisms that keep us alive.
309
814800
3960
duboko su utemeljeni u biološkim
mehanizmima koji nas održavaju živima.
mehanizmima koji nas održavaju živima.
13:52
And when we follow this idea
all the way through,
all the way through,
310
820760
2336
I kada pratimo ovu ideju do kraja,
13:55
we can start to see
that all of our conscious experiences,
that all of our conscious experiences,
311
823120
3696
počinjemo vidjeti
da svi naši svjesni doživljaji
da svi naši svjesni doživljaji
13:58
since they all depend on the same
mechanisms of predictive perception,
mechanisms of predictive perception,
312
826840
4736
kako svi ovise na istim
mehanizmima percepcije previđanja,
mehanizmima percepcije previđanja,
14:03
all stem from this basic
drive to stay alive.
drive to stay alive.
313
831600
3416
svi polaze od tog osnovnog
nagona da ostanemo živi.
nagona da ostanemo živi.
14:07
We experience the world and ourselves
314
835040
2616
Doživljavam svijet i sebe
14:09
with, through and because of
our living bodies.
our living bodies.
315
837680
3080
sa, kroz i zbog naših živih tijela.
14:13
Let me bring things together step-by-step.
316
841560
2400
Dopustite mi da spojim
stvari korak po korak.
stvari korak po korak.
14:16
What we consciously see depends
317
844560
1576
Ono što svjesno vidimo ovisi
14:18
on the brain's best guess
of what's out there.
of what's out there.
318
846160
2296
o najboljem pogađanju mozga
o tome što je tamo.
o tome što je tamo.
14:20
Our experienced world
comes from the inside out,
comes from the inside out,
319
848480
2376
Naš doživljeni svijet
dolazi od iznutra prema van,
dolazi od iznutra prema van,
14:22
not just the outside in.
320
850880
1240
ne samo od van ka unutra.
14:24
The rubber hand illusion shows
that this applies to our experiences
that this applies to our experiences
321
852600
3256
Iluzija gumene ruke pokazuje
da se to odnosi na naše doživljaje
da se to odnosi na naše doživljaje
14:27
of what is and what is not our body.
322
855880
1840
o tome što je i što nije naše tijelo.
14:30
And these self-related predictions
depend critically on sensory signals
depend critically on sensory signals
323
858560
3576
I ova predviđanja u vezi sebe
jako ovise o senzornim signalima
jako ovise o senzornim signalima
14:34
coming from deep inside the body.
324
862160
1760
koji dolaze iz dubina našeg tijela.
14:36
And finally,
325
864400
1216
I konačno,
14:37
experiences of being an embodied self
are more about control and regulation
are more about control and regulation
326
865640
4376
doživljaj bivanja utjelovljenim sobom
imaju više veze s kontrolom i regulacijom
imaju više veze s kontrolom i regulacijom
14:42
than figuring out what's there.
327
870040
1680
nego s otkrivanjem
što je tamo vani.
što je tamo vani.
14:44
So our experiences of the world
around us and ourselves within it --
around us and ourselves within it --
328
872840
3216
Naša iskustva svijeta
oko nas i nas u njemu --
oko nas i nas u njemu --
14:48
well, they're kinds
of controlled hallucinations
of controlled hallucinations
329
876080
2256
ona su vrsta
kontroliranih halucinacija
kontroliranih halucinacija
14:50
that have been shaped
over millions of years of evolution
over millions of years of evolution
330
878360
2896
koja su oblikovana
milijunima godina evolucijom
milijunima godina evolucijom
14:53
to keep us alive in worlds
full of danger and opportunity.
full of danger and opportunity.
331
881280
2760
kako bi nas održala živima u
svjetu punom opasnosti.
svjetu punom opasnosti.
14:56
We predict ourselves into existence.
332
884480
2680
Predviđamo sami sebe u postojanje.
15:00
Now, I leave you with three
implications of all this.
implications of all this.
333
888520
2480
Ostavljam vas s tri
implikacije svega ovoga.
implikacije svega ovoga.
15:03
First, just as we can
misperceive the world,
misperceive the world,
334
891640
2216
Prvo, kao što možemo
pogrešno vidjeti svijet,
pogrešno vidjeti svijet,
15:05
we can misperceive ourselves
335
893880
1776
možemo pogrešno vidjeti sebe
15:07
when the mechanisms
of prediction go wrong.
of prediction go wrong.
336
895680
2136
kada mehanizmi
predviđanja pođu po zlu.
predviđanja pođu po zlu.
15:09
Understanding this opens many new
opportunities in psychiatry and neurology,
opportunities in psychiatry and neurology,
337
897840
4216
Razumijevanje toga otvara mnoge nove
mogućnosti u psihijatriji i neurologiji,
mogućnosti u psihijatriji i neurologiji,
15:14
because we can finally
get at the mechanisms
get at the mechanisms
338
902080
2616
jer konačno možemo
doći do mehanizama
doći do mehanizama
15:16
rather than just treating the symptoms
339
904720
1896
umjesto da tretiramo samo simptome
15:18
in conditions like
depression and schizophrenia.
depression and schizophrenia.
340
906640
2520
u stanjima kao što su
depresija i shizofrenija.
depresija i shizofrenija.
15:21
Second:
341
909720
1216
Drugo:
15:22
what it means to be me
cannot be reduced to or uploaded to
cannot be reduced to or uploaded to
342
910960
3816
Ono što znači biti ja
ne može biti reducirano ili uploadano
ne može biti reducirano ili uploadano
15:26
a software program running on a robot,
343
914800
2376
u softverski program koji radi u robotu,
15:29
however smart or sophisticated.
344
917200
2216
bez obzira koliko
pametan ili sofisticiran.
pametan ili sofisticiran.
15:31
We are biological, flesh-and-blood animals
345
919440
2616
Mi smo biološki, životinje od krvi i mesa
15:34
whose conscious experiences
are shaped at all levels
are shaped at all levels
346
922080
3256
čija su svjesna iskustva
oblikovana na svim razinama
oblikovana na svim razinama
15:37
by the biological mechanisms
that keep us alive.
that keep us alive.
347
925360
2976
biološkim mehanizmima
koji nas održavaju živima.
koji nas održavaju živima.
15:40
Just making computers smarter
is not going to make them sentient.
is not going to make them sentient.
348
928360
3640
Samo činjenje računala pametnijim
neće ih učiniti svjesnima.
neće ih učiniti svjesnima.
15:45
Finally,
349
933000
1296
Konačno,
15:46
our own individual inner universe,
350
934320
1976
naš individualni unutarnji svemir,
15:48
our way of being conscious,
351
936320
1656
naš način bivanja svjesnim,
15:50
is just one possible
way of being conscious.
way of being conscious.
352
938000
2760
samo je jedan moguć
način bivanja svjesnim.
način bivanja svjesnim.
15:53
And even human consciousness generally --
353
941840
1976
I čak i ljudska svijest općenito --
15:55
it's just a tiny region in a vast space
of possible consciousnesses.
of possible consciousnesses.
354
943840
3976
to je samo mala regija u velikom
prostoru mogućih svijesti.
prostoru mogućih svijesti.
15:59
Our individual self and worlds
are unique to each of us,
are unique to each of us,
355
947840
3656
Naše individualno sebstvo i svjetovi
jedinstveni su svakome od nas,
jedinstveni su svakome od nas,
16:03
but they're all grounded
in biological mechanisms
in biological mechanisms
356
951520
3216
ali su svi utemeljeni
na biološkim mehanizmima
na biološkim mehanizmima
16:06
shared with many other living creatures.
357
954760
2600
koje dijelimo s mnogo drugih živih bića.
16:09
Now, these are fundamental changes
358
957920
2960
Ovo su fundamentalne promjene
16:13
in how we understand ourselves,
359
961760
2256
u načinu na koji razumijemo sebe,
16:16
but I think they should be celebrated,
360
964040
1856
ali mislim da bi trebale biti slavljene
16:17
because as so often in science,
from Copernicus --
from Copernicus --
361
965920
2376
jer tako često u znanosti,
od Kopernika,
od Kopernika,
16:20
we're not at the center of the universe --
362
968320
2000
mi nismo u centru svemira --
16:22
to Darwin --
363
970344
1232
do Darwina --
16:23
we're related to all other creatures --
364
971600
2216
u srodstvu smo sa svim ostalim bićima --
16:25
to the present day.
365
973840
1200
do današnjeg dana.
16:28
With a greater sense of understanding
366
976320
2736
S većim osjećajem razumjevanja
16:31
comes a greater sense of wonder,
367
979080
2416
dolazi veći osjećaj čuđenja
16:33
and a greater realization
368
981520
1856
i veće shvaćanje
16:35
that we are part of
and not apart from the rest of nature.
and not apart from the rest of nature.
369
983400
4600
da smo dio i nismo
odvojeni od ostatka prirode.
odvojeni od ostatka prirode.
16:40
And ...
370
988920
1200
I…
16:42
when the end of consciousness comes,
371
990720
2376
kad dođe kraj svijesti,
16:45
there's nothing to be afraid of.
372
993120
2800
ni od čega ne treba strahovati.
16:48
Nothing at all.
373
996560
1200
Apsolutno ni od čega.
16:50
Thank you.
374
998480
1216
Hvala vam.
16:51
(Applause)
375
999720
8026
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anil Seth - Cognitive neuroscientistHow can the "inner universe" of consciousness be explained in terms of mere biology and physics? Anil Seth explores the brain basis of consciousness and self.
Why you should listen
In his groundbreaking research, Anil Seth seeks to understand consciousness in health and in disease. As founding co-director of the University of Sussex’s Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, his research bridges neuroscience, mathematics, artificial intelligence, computer science, psychology, philosophy and psychiatry. He has also worked extensively with playwrights, dancers and other artists to shape a truly humanistic view of consciousness and self.
Seth is the editor and co-author of the best-selling 30-Second Brain, a collection of brief and engaging neuroscience vignettes. His forthcoming book The Presence Chamber develops his unique theories of conscious selfhood within the rich historical context of the mind and brain sciences.
Follow Seth on Twitter at @anilkseth, and visit his website at anilseth.com and neurobanter.com. The Sackler Centre, at the University of Sussex, is at sussex.ac.uk/sackler. Seth's work is supported by the Dr. Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation.
Anil Seth | Speaker | TED.com