TEDxCaltech
Leonard Susskind: My friend Richard Feynman
Leonard Susskind: Sahabat saya Richard Feynman
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Seperti apa rasanya menjadi sahabat seorang genius? Di panggung TEDxCaltech, fisikawan Leonard Susskind menceritakan beberapa kisah tentang persahabatannya dengan sang legenda Richard Feynman, membahas pendekatannya yang tidak biasa pada masalah-masalah baik yang serius maupun ... kurang.
Leonard Susskind - Physicist
Leonard Susskind works on string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics and quantum cosmology at Stanford. Full bio
Leonard Susskind works on string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics and quantum cosmology at Stanford. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I decided when I was asked to do this
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Saat diminta melakukan ini saya memutuskan
00:17
that what I really wanted to talk about
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bahwa apa yang benar-benar ingin saya bicarakan
00:19
was my friend Richard Feynman.
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adalah sahabat saya Richard Feynman.
00:21
I was one of the fortunate few
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Saya adalah sedikit orang yang beruntung
00:23
that really did get to know him
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yang benar-benar dapat mengenalnya
00:25
and enjoyed his presence.
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dan menikmati kehadirannya.
00:27
And I'm going to tell you the Richard Feynman that I knew.
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Saya akan berbicara tentang Richard Feynman yang saya tahu.
00:30
I'm sure there are other people here
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Saya yakin ada orang lain di sini
00:32
who could tell you about the Richard Feynman they knew,
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yang dapat menceritakan Richard Feynman yang mereka tahu,
00:34
and it would probably be a different Richard Feynman.
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dan mungkin itu adalah Richard Feynman yang berbeda.
00:36
Richard Feynman was a very complex man.
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Richard Feynman adalah orang yang sangat kompleks.
00:39
He was a man of many, many parts.
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Dia adalah pria dengan banyak sisi.
00:41
He was, of course, foremost,
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Dia, tentu saja, terutama
00:43
a very, very, very great scientist.
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adalah seorang ilmuwan yang sangat hebat.
00:46
He was an actor. You saw him act.
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Dia seorang aktor. Anda melihatnya berakting.
00:49
I also had the good fortune to be in those lectures,
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Saya juga beruntung dapat berada dalam kuliahnya
00:52
up in the balcony.
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di atas balkon.
00:54
They were fantastic.
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Kuliah itu luar biasa.
00:56
He was a philosopher;
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Dia seorang filsuf,
00:58
he was a drum player;
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seorang pemain drum,
01:00
he was a teacher par excellence.
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seorang guru yang luar biasa.
01:03
Richard Feynman was also a showman,
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Richard Feynman juga pemain sandiwara,
01:05
an enormous showman.
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pemain sandiwara besar.
01:07
He was brash, irreverent --
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Dia kurang ajar, tidak sopan --
01:11
he was full of macho,
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dia sangat jantan,
01:13
a kind of macho one-upmanship.
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jantan untuk mengambil keuntungan dari lawan.
01:16
He loved intellectual battle.
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Dia menyukai perang intelektual.
01:20
He had a gargantuan ego.
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Dia memiliki ego yang sangat besar.
01:24
But the man had somehow
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Namun orang ini seperti memiliki
01:27
a lot of room at the bottom.
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banyak ruangan di bawahnya.
01:29
And what I mean by that
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Dan maksud saya adalah
01:31
is a lot of room, in my case --
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banyak ruangan, dalam kasus saya --
01:34
I can't speak for anybody else --
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saya tidak tahu bagi orang lain --
01:36
but in my case,
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dalam kasus saya,
01:38
a lot of room for another big ego.
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banyak ruangan untuk ego yang lain.
01:41
Well, not as big as his,
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Tidak sebesar egonya,
01:43
but fairly big.
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namun cukup besar.
01:45
I always felt good with Dick Feynman.
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Saya selalu senang bersama Dick Feynman.
01:48
It was always fun to be with him.
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Selalu menyenangkan bersamanya.
01:50
He always made me feel smart.
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Dia selalu membuat saya merasa cerdas.
01:52
How can somebody like that make you feel smart?
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Bagaimana orang seperti itu membuat Anda merasa cerdas?
01:54
Somehow he did.
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Entah bagaimana dia melakukannya.
01:56
He made me feel smart. He made me feel he was smart.
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Dia membuat saya merasa cerdas. Membuat saya merasa dia cerdas.
01:58
He made me feel we were both smart,
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Dia membuat saya merasa kami semua cerdas,
02:00
and the two of us could solve any problem whatever.
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dan kami berdua dapat menyelesaikan masalah apapun.
02:04
And in fact, we did sometimes do physics together.
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Sebenarnya, kadang-kadang kami mengerjakan masalah fisika bersama.
02:07
We never published a paper together,
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Kami tidak pernah membuat jurnal bersama,
02:09
but we did have a lot of fun.
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namun kami banyak bersenang-senang.
02:13
He loved to win.
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Dia suka menjadi pemenang.
02:15
With these little macho games we would sometimes play --
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Dengan permainan jantan yang terkadang kami mainkan --
02:18
and he didn't only play them with me, he played them with all sorts of people --
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dia tidak hanya bermain bersama saya, namun dengan berbagai macam orang --
02:21
he would almost always win.
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dia hampir selalu menang.
02:23
But when he didn't win, when he lost,
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Namun saat dia tidak menang, saat kalah,
02:26
he would laugh and seem to have just as much fun
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dia akan tertawa dan tampak senang
02:29
as if he had won.
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seperti jika dia menang.
02:31
I remember once he told me a story
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Saya ingat suatu kali dia bercerita
02:33
about a joke that the students played on him.
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tentang gurauan para siswanya kepadanya.
02:36
They took him -- I think it was for his birthday --
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Mereka mengajaknya -- saya rasa saat hari ulang tahunnya --
02:38
they took him for lunch.
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mereka mengajaknya makan siang.
02:40
They took him for lunch
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Mereka mengajaknya makan siang
02:42
to a sandwich place in Pasadena.
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ke restoran sandwich di Pasadena.
02:44
It may still exist; I don't know.
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Restoran itu mungkin masih ada sekarang.
02:46
Celebrity sandwiches was their thing.
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Menu khasnya adalah sandwich selebriti.
02:49
You could get a Marilyn Monroe sandwich.
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Anda bisa membeli sandwich Marilyn Monroe.
02:51
You could get a Humphrey Bogart sandwich.
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Anda bisa membeli sandwich Humphrey Bogart.
02:54
The students went there in advance,
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Para siswanya pergi lebih awal ke sana
02:56
and they arranged that they would all order Feynman sandwiches.
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dan mereka mengatur untuk memesan sandwich Feynman.
02:59
One after another, they came in and ordered Feynman sandwiches.
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Satu persatu, mereka datang dan memesan sandwich Feynman.
03:02
Feynman loved this story.
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Feynman menyukai cerita ini.
03:04
He told me this story, and he was really happy and laughing.
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Dia menceritakannya kepada saya, dan dia sangat bahagia dan tertawa.
03:08
When he finished the story, I said to him,
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Saat dia selesai bercerita, saya berkata
03:11
"Dick, I wonder what would be the difference
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"Dick, saya bingung apa beda antara
03:13
between a Feynman sandwich and a Susskind sandwich."
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sandwich Feynman dan sandwich Susskind."
03:17
And without skipping a beat at all,
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Dan tanpa berpikir lama,
03:19
he said, "Well, they'd be about the same.
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dia berkata, "Keduanya sama.
03:22
The only difference is a Susskind sandwich would have a lot more ham,"
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Perbedaannya adalah sandwich Susskind memiliki lebih banyak "ham","
03:25
ham, as in bad actor.
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ham dalam artian aktor jelek.
03:27
(Laughter)
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(Tawa)
03:29
Well, I happened to have been very quick that day,
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Otak saya seperti bekerja sangat cepat saat itu,
03:32
and I said, "Yeah, but a lot less baloney."
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dan saya berkata, "Ya, tapi jauh lebih sedikit sosis (omong kosong)."
03:35
(Laughter)
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(Tawa)
03:38
The truth of the matter
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Pada kenyataannya
03:42
is that a Feynman sandwich
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sandwich Feynman
03:44
had a load of ham,
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memiliki banyak ham
03:46
but absolutely no baloney.
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namun tidak ada sosis sama sekali.
03:50
What Feynman hated worse than anything else
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Hal yang paling dibenci oleh Feynman
03:52
was intellectual pretense --
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adalah tipuan intelektual --
03:54
phoniness,
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ketidakjujuran,
03:56
false sophistication, jargon.
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kecanggihan yang palsu, jargon.
03:59
I remember sometime during the '80s,
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Saya ingat suatu kali di tahun 80-an,
04:02
the mid-'80s,
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pertengahan 80-an.
04:04
Dick and I and Sidney Coleman
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Saya, Dick, dan Sidney Coleman,
04:06
would meet a couple of times
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kami bertemu beberapa kali
04:08
up in San Francisco at some very rich guy's house --
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di San Francisco di beberapa rumah orang kaya --
04:11
up in San Francisco for dinner.
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di San Francisco untuk makan malam.
04:13
And the last time the rich guy invited us,
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Dan saat terakhir kali orang kaya itu mengundang kami,
04:16
he also invited a couple of philosophers.
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dia juga mengundang beberapa filsuf.
04:18
These guys were philosophers of mind.
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Orang-orang ini adalah filsuf pikiran.
04:21
Their specialty was the philosophy of consciousness.
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Keahlian mereka adalah filsafat kesadaran.
04:24
And they were full of all kinds of jargon.
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Dan mereka dipenuhi berbagai macam jargon.
04:26
I'm trying to remember the words --
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Saya mencoba untuk mengingat kata-katanya --
04:29
"monism," "dualism," categories all over the place.
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"monisme," "dualisme," berbagai macam kategori.
04:32
I didn't know what those things meant, neither did Dick --
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Saya tidak tahu apa arti dari hal itu, begitu juga dengan Dick --
04:34
neither did Sydney for that matter.
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begitu juga Sydney.
04:36
And what did we talk about?
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Dan apa yang kami bicarakan?
04:38
Well, what do you talk about when you talk about minds?
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Apa yang Anda bicarakan saat berbicara tentang pikiran?
04:41
One thing, there's one obvious thing to talk about --
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Satu hal, satu hal yang sudah jelas akan dikatakan --
04:43
can a machine become a mind?
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dapatkan mesin menjadi sebuah pikiran?
04:45
Can you build a machine
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Dapatkah anda membuat mesin
04:47
that thinks like a human being,
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yang berpikir seperti manusia,
04:49
that is conscious?
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yang memiliki kesadaran?
04:51
We sat around and we talked about this -- we of course never resolved it.
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Kami duduk dan berbicara tentang hal ini -- tentu saja tidak pernah menyelesaikannya.
04:54
But the trouble with the philosophers
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Namun masalah dengan para filsuf ini
04:56
is that they were philosophizing
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adalah mereka berfilsafat
04:58
when they should have been science-iphizing.
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saat mereka seharusnya bermain dengan ilmu pengetahuan.
05:00
It's a scientific question after all.
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Ini sebenarnya pertanyaan ilmu pengetahuan.
05:03
And this was a very, very dangerous thing to do
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Dan ini adalah hal yang sangat berbahaya untuk dilakukan
05:05
around Dick Feynman.
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di dekat Dick Feynman.
05:10
Feynman let them have it -- both barrels, right between the eyes.
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Feynman menodongnya -- dengan laras senjata, tepat di tengah mata mereka.
05:13
It was brutal; it was funny -- ooh, it was funny.
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Brutal dan lucu -- ooh, benar-benar lucu.
05:16
But it was really brutal.
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Namun sangat brutal.
05:18
He really popped their balloon.
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Dia memecahkan balon mereka.
05:20
But the amazing thing was --
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Namun hal yang luar biasa adalah --
05:22
Feynman had to leave a little early.
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Feynman harus pergi lebih awal.
05:24
He wasn't feeling too well, so he left a little bit early.
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Dia merasa kurang sehat, jadi dia pergi sedikit lebih awal.
05:27
And Sidney and I were left there with the two philosophers.
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Sidney dan saya tetap bersama kedua filsuf ini.
05:30
And the amazing thing is these guys were flying.
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Dan hal yang luar biasa adalah orang-orang ini seakan terbang.
05:33
They were so happy.
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Mereka sangat gembira.
05:35
They had met the great man;
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Mereka telah bertemu pria hebat,
05:38
they had been instructed by the great man;
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mereka telah diajari oleh pria hebat,
05:40
they had an enormous amount of fun
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mereka sangat senang
05:42
having their faces shoved in the mud,
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karena wajah mereka dimasukkan ke dalam lumpur
05:45
and it was something special.
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dan itu adalah hal yang spesial.
05:48
I realized there was something just extraordinary about Feynman,
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Saya menyadari ada hal yang luar biasa tentang Feynman,
05:51
even when he did what he did.
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bahkan saat dia melakukan apa yang dilakukannya.
05:58
Dick, he was my friend. I did call him Dick.
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Dick, saya memanggilnya Dick.
06:01
Dick and I had a certain, a little bit of a rapport.
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Dick dan saya memiliki semacam hubungan.
06:03
I think it may have been a special rapport that he and I had.
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Saya pikir hubungan yang kami miliki cukup spesial.
06:06
We liked each other; we liked the same kind of things.
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Kami saling menyukai, kami menyukai hal yang sama.
06:09
I also liked the kind of intellectual macho games.
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Saya juga menyukai permainan jantan intelektual.
06:13
Sometimes I would win, mostly he would win,
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Terkadang saya menang, kebanyakan dia menang,
06:15
but we both enjoyed them.
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namun kami menikmatinya.
06:17
And Dick became convinced at some point
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Dan pada suatu titik Dick menjadi yakin
06:19
that he and I had some kind of similarity of personality.
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bahwa kami memiliki semacam kepribadian yang serupa.
06:23
I don't think he was right.
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Saya rasa dia tidak benar.
06:25
I think the only point of similarity between us
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Saya rasa satu-satunya kesamaan di antara kami
06:27
is we both like to talk about ourselves.
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adalah kami suka berbicara tentang diri sendiri.
06:30
But he was convinced of this.
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Namun dia yakin akan hal ini.
06:32
And he was curious.
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Dan dia penasaran.
06:34
The man was incredibly curious.
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Orang ini memiliki rasa penasaran yang besar.
06:36
And he wanted to understand what it was and why it was
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Dia ingin memahami apa dan mengapa
06:39
that there was this funny connection.
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ada hubungan yang lucu ini.
06:43
And one day we were walking. We were in France.
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Suatu hari kami sedang berjalan. Kami ada di Perancis.
06:45
We were in La Zouche.
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Kami ada di La Zouche.
06:47
We were up in the mountains, 1976.
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Kami berada di atas gunung, 1976.
06:49
We were up in the mountains, and Feynman said to me,
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Kami berada di atas gunung, dan Feynman berkata kepada saya,
06:52
he said, "Leonardo."
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katanya, "Leonardo."
06:54
The reason he called me Leonardo
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Alasan mengapa dia memanggil saya Leonardo
06:56
is because we were in Europe
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adalah karena kami ada di Eropa
06:58
and he was practicing his French.
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dan dia melatih Bahasa Perancisnya.
07:01
And he said, "Leonardo,
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Katanya, "Leonardo,
07:04
were you closer to your mother or to you father
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kamu lebih dekat dengan ibu atau ayahmu
07:07
when you were a kid?"
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sewaktu kecil?"
07:09
And I said, "Well, my real hero was my father.
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Dan saya berkata, "Pahlawan saya adalah ayah saya.
07:12
He was a working man,
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Dia seorang pekerja,
07:14
had a fifth grade education.
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berpendidikan kelas lima SD.
07:17
He was a master mechanic, and he taught me how to use tools.
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Dia adalah montir yang hebat, dan dia mengajarkan saya cara memakai perkakas.
07:20
He taught me all sorts of things about mechanical things.
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Dia mengajarkan berbagai hal tentang mesin.
07:24
He even taught me the Pythagorean theorem.
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Dia bahkan mengajarkan teorema Pythagoras.
07:26
He didn't call it the hypotenuse,
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Dia tidak menyebutnya sisi miring,
07:28
he called it the shortcut distance."
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dia menyebutnya jalan pintas."
07:31
And Feynman's eyes just opened up.
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Dan mata Feynman terbuka lebar
07:33
He went off like a light bulb.
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dia menjadi seperti bola lampu.
07:35
And he said he had had
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Dan dia berkata bahwa dia memiliki
07:38
basically exactly the same relationship
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hubungan yang sama persis
07:40
with his father.
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dengan ayahnya.
07:42
In fact, he had been convinced at one time
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Sebenarnya, pada suatu ketika dia yakin
07:45
that, to be a good physicist,
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bahwa, untuk menjadi fisikawan hebat,
07:48
that it was very important
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sangat penting untuk
07:50
to have had that kind of relationship with your father.
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memiliki hubungan seperti itu dengan ayah Anda.
07:53
I apologize for the sexist conversation here,
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Maaf atas cerita berbau jenis kelamin di sini,
07:56
but this is the way it really happened.
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namun itulah yang benar-benar terjadi.
07:58
He said that he had been absolutely convinced that this was necessary --
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Dia berkata dia sudah benar-benar yakin bahwa hal ini diperlukan --
08:02
the necessary part of the growing up of a young physicist.
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bagian yang diperlukan untuk tumbuh sebagai fisikawan muda.
08:06
Being Dick, he, of course, wanted to check this.
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Dick, dia, tentu saja, ingin memeriksanya.
08:09
He wanted to go out and do an experiment.
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Dia ingin pergi dan mengadakan penelitian.
08:11
So, well he did.
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Jadi, dia melakukannya.
08:13
He went out and did an experiment.
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Dia pergi dan mengadakan penelitian.
08:15
He asked all his friends that he thought were good physicists,
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Dia menanyai semua temannya yang dianggapnya fisikawan hebat.
08:18
"Was it your mom or your pop that influenced you?"
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"Siapa yang paling berpengaruh bagimu, ayah atau ibu?
08:21
And to a man -- they were all men --
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Dan bagi pria -- semuanya pria --
08:23
to a man, every single one of them
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bagi pria, semuanya
08:25
said, "My mother."
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berkata, "Ibu saya"
08:27
(Laughter)
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(Tawa)
08:30
There went that theory down the trashcan of history.
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Begituah teori itu terbuang ke tempat sampah dari sejarah.
08:35
But he was very excited that he had finally met somebody
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Namun dia sangat senang karena dia menemukan seseorang
08:38
who had the same experience with my father
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yang memiliki pengalaman yang sama
08:41
as he had with his father.
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seperti yang dia miliki bersama ayahnya.
08:43
And for some time, he was convinced
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Dan untuk beberapa saat, dia yakin
08:45
this was the reason we got along so well.
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bahwa inilah alasan mengapa kami cocok.
08:47
I don't know. Maybe. Who knows?
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Saya tidak tahu. Mungkin. Siapa tahu?
08:49
But let me tell you a little bit
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Namun ijinkan saya memberi tahu Anda
08:51
about Feynman the physicist.
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tentang Feynman sang fisikawan.
08:55
Feynman's style --
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Gaya Feynman --
08:57
no, style is not the right word.
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bukan, gaya bukan kata yang tepat.
08:59
Style makes you think of the bow tie he might have worn
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Gaya membuat Anda berpikir tentang dasi yang mungkin dia pakai
09:01
or the suit he was wearing.
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atau setelan yang dipakainya.
09:03
There's something much deeper than that,
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Ada sesuatu yang lebih dalam dari itu,
09:05
but I can't think of another word for it.
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namun saya tidak dapat menemukan kata yang lain.
09:07
Feynman's scientific style
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Gaya keilmuan Feynman
09:10
was always to look for the simplest,
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selalu mencari jawaban yang paling sederhana
09:12
most elementary solution to a problem that was possible.
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dan paling dasar yang mungkin untuk suatu masalah.
09:17
If it wasn't possible, you had to use something fancier.
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Jika tidak mungkin, Anda harus menggunakan sesuatu yang lebih indah.
09:20
But no doubt part of this
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Namun tidak diragukan lagi, bagian dari hal ini
09:23
was his great joy and pleasure
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adalah kegembiraan dan kesenangan
09:26
in showing people that he could think more simply than they could.
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dalam menjelaskan apa yang dia pikir lebih sederhana dari yang mereka pikirkan.
09:30
But he also deeply believed, he truly believed,
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Namun dia juga benar-benar sangat percaya
09:33
that if you couldn't explain something simply
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bahwa jika Anda tidak dapat menjelaskan dengan sederhana
09:35
you didn't understand it.
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berarti Anda tidak mengerti.
09:38
In the 1950s, people were trying to figure out
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Di tahun 1950-an, orang-orang mencoba mencari tahu
09:41
how superfluid helium worked.
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bagaimana cara kerja cairan super helium
09:43
There was a theory.
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Ada sebuah teori.
09:45
It was due to a Russian mathematical physicist,
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Ini berkat seorang fisika-matematikawan Rusia,
09:47
and it was a complicated theory.
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dan itu adalah teori yang rumit.
09:49
I'll tell you what that theory was soon enough.
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Saya akan membahas teori itu sebentar lagi.
09:51
It was a terribly complicated theory
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Itu benar-benar teori yang sangat rumit
09:53
full of very difficult integrals and formulas
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penuh dengan rumus dan integrasi rumit
09:56
and mathematics and so forth.
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dan matematika dan seterusnya.
09:58
And it sort of worked, but it didn't work very well.
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Dan teori ini bekerja, namun tidak begitu bagus.
10:01
The only way it worked
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Teori ini bekerja hanya saat
10:03
is when the helium atoms were very, very far apart.
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atom-atom helium terpisah sangat jauh.
10:06
The helium atoms had to be very far apart.
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Atom-atom helium harus terpisah sangat jauh.
10:08
And unfortunately, the helium atoms in liquid helium
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Sayangnya, atom-atom helium dalam cairan helium
10:10
are right on top of each other.
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bertumpukan satu sama lain.
10:12
Feynman decided, as a sort of amateur helium physicist,
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Feynman memutuskan, sebagai seorang fisikawan helium amatir
10:15
that he would try to figure it out.
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bahwa dia akan mencoba menyelesaikannya.
10:18
He had an idea, a very clear idea.
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Dia memiliki ide, ide yang sangat jelas.
10:20
He would try to figure out
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Dia ingin mencoba menemukan
10:22
what the quantum wave function
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bagaimana bentuk fungsi gelombang kuantum
10:24
of this huge number of atoms looked like.
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dari atom-atom dalam jumlah besar ini.
10:26
He would try to visualize it,
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Dia ingin mencoba menggambarkannya
10:28
guided by a small number of simple principles.
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dengan dibantu beberapa prinsip sederhana.
10:31
The small number of simple principles were very, very simple.
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Beberapa prinsip sederhana yang benar-benar sederhana.
10:34
The first one was
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Yang pertama adalah
10:36
that when helium atoms touch each other, they repel.
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saat bersentuhan, atom-atom helium itu saling tolak menolak.
10:39
The implication of that is that the wave function has to go to zero,
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Akibatnya adalah fungsi gelombang harus menuju ke nol,
10:42
it has to vanish when the helium atoms touch each other.
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gelombang itu harus hilang saat atom-atom helium saling bersentuhan.
10:45
The other fact
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Fakta lain
10:47
is that the ground state, the lowest energy state of a quantum system,
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adalah pada tingkat dasar, tingkat energi terendah dari sistem kuantum,
10:50
the wave function is always very smooth --
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fungsi gelombang selalu sangat halus --
10:54
has the minimum number of wiggles.
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memiliki jumlah riak paling sedikit.
10:56
So he sat down --
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Jadi dia duduk --
10:58
and I imagine he had nothing more
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dan saya membayangkan dia tidak menggunakan apapun
11:00
than a simple piece of paper and a pencil --
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selain secarik kertas dan pensil --
11:02
and he tried to write down, and did write down,
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dan dia mencoba menuliskan, dan menuliskannya,
11:04
the simplest function that he could think of
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persamaan paling sederhana yang dapat dia pikirkan
11:07
which had the boundary conditions
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yang memiliki kondisi batas
11:09
that the wave function vanish when things touch
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bahwa fungsi gelombang menghilang saat benda berentuhan
11:11
and is smooth in between.
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dan halus di antaranya.
11:13
He wrote down a simple thing.
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Dia menulis hal-hal sederhana.
11:15
It was so simple, in fact,
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Sebenarnya, hal itu sangat sederhana
11:17
that I suspect a really smart high school student,
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sampai saya berpikir siswa SMA yang cerdas
11:19
who didn't even have calculus,
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yang bahkan tidak tahu kalkulus,
11:21
could understand what he wrote down.
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dapat mengerti apa yang dia tulis.
11:24
The thing was that that simple thing that he wrote down
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Masalahnya adalah hal sederhana yang dia tulis
11:27
explained everything that was known at the time about liquid helium
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menjelaskan semua yang diketahui tentang cairan helium pada saat itu
11:30
and then some.
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dan beberapa sesudahnya.
11:32
I've always wondered
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Saya selalu ingin tahu
11:34
whether the professionals, the real professional helium physicists,
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apakah para fisikawan helium profesional, yang sebenarnya
11:37
were just a little bit embarrassed by this.
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merasa sedikit dipermalukan oleh hal ini.
11:40
They had their super-powerful technique,
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Mereka memiliki teknik yang sangat luar biasa
11:42
and they couldn't do as well.
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dan mereka tidak dapat melakukannya.
11:44
Incidentally, I'll tell you what that super-powerful technique was.
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Sebagai selingan, saya akan memberi tahu apa teknik yang sangat luar biasa itu.
11:48
It was the technique of Feynman diagrams.
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Itu adalah teknik diagram Feynman.
11:51
(Laughter)
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(Tawa)
11:53
He did it again in 1968.
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Dia melakukannya lagi di tahun 1968.
11:56
In 1968, in my own university --
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Di tahun 1968, di universitas saya --
11:58
I wasn't there at the time -- but in 1968,
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saya tidak ada di sana saat itu -- tahun 1968
12:01
they were exploring the structure of the proton.
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mereka meneliti struktur proton.
12:04
The proton is obviously made
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Proton sudah jelas tersusun
12:06
of a whole bunch of little particles.
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dari sekelompok partikel-partikel kecil.
12:08
This was more or less known.
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Hal ini sedikit banyak diketahui.
12:10
And the way to analyze it was, of course, Feynman diagrams.
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Dan cara menganalisisnya, tentu saja, diagram Feynman.
12:13
That's what Feynman diagrams were constructed for --
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Untuk itulah diagram Feynman dibuat --
12:16
to understand particles.
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untuk memahami partikel.
12:18
The experiments that were going on were very simple.
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Percobaan yang dilakukan sangat sederhana.
12:20
You simply take the proton,
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Anda mengambil proton ini
12:22
and you hit it really sharply with an electron.
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dan Anda menabraknya dengan elektron.
12:24
This was the thing the Feynman diagrams were for.
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Ini adalah manfaat dari diagram Feynman.
12:27
The only problem
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Masalahnya adalah
12:29
was that Feynman diagrams are complicated.
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diagram Feynman sangat rumit.
12:31
They're difficult integrals.
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Integrasi yang sulit.
12:33
If you could do all of them, you would have a very precise theory.
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Jika Anda dapat menyelesaikannya, Anda akan memiliki teori yang akurat.
12:36
But you couldn't; they were just too complicated.
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Namun Anda tidak bisa, diagram itu terlalu sulit.
12:39
People were trying to do them.
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Orang-orang mencoba melakukannya.
12:41
You could do a one loop diagram. Don't worry about one loop.
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Anda dapat menyelesaikan satu lup diagram. Tidak usah dipikirkan.
12:44
One loop, two loops -- maybe you could do a three loop diagram,
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Satu lup, dua lup -- mungkin Anda dapat menyelesaikan diagram tiga lup,
12:47
but beyond that, you couldn't do anything.
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namun selebihnya Anda tidak dapat berbuat apa-apa.
12:49
Feynman said, "Forget all of that.
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Feynman berkata, "Lupakan semua itu.
12:51
Just think of the proton
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Pikirkan saja tentang proton
12:53
as an assemblage of little particles --
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sebagai himpunan dari partikel-partikel kecil --
12:55
a swarm of little particles."
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segerombolan partikel kecil."
12:57
He called them partons. He called them partons.
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Dia menyebut partikel itu parton.
13:00
He said, "Just think of it as a swarm of partons
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Dia berkata, "Pikirkan proton sebagai segerombolan parton
13:02
moving real fast."
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yang bergerak sangat cepat."
13:04
Because they're moving real fast,
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Karna parton bergerak sangat cepat,
13:08
relativity says the internal motions go very slow.
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dapat dikatakan gerakan internalnya sangat lambat.
13:12
The electron hits it suddenly.
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Tiba-tiba elektron menabraknya.
13:14
It's like taking a very sudden snapshot of the proton.
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Hal itu seperti memotret proton secara tiba-tiba.
13:17
What do you see?
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Apa yang Anda lihat?
13:19
You see a frozen bunch of partons.
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Anda melihat sekelompok parton yang membeku.
13:24
They don't move, and because they don't move
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Parton itu tidak bergerak, dan karena parton tidak bergerak
13:26
during the course of the experiment,
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selama percobaan itu
13:28
you don't have to worry about how they're moving.
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Anda tidak perlu memikirkan bagaimana gerakannya.
13:30
You don't have to worry about the forces between them.
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Anda tidak perlu memikirkan gaya di antara mereka.
13:32
You just get to think of it
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Anda hanya perlu memikirkannya
13:34
as a population
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sebagai sekumpulan
13:36
of frozen partons.
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parton diam.
13:39
This was the key to analyzing these experiments.
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Ini adalah kunci untuk menganalisis percobaan ini.
13:42
Extremely effective, it really did --
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Benar-benar efektif --
13:45
somebody said the word revolution is a bad word.
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seseorang berkata bahwa revolusi adalah kata yang buruk.
13:47
I suppose it is, so I won't say revolution --
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Saya rasa benar, jadi saya tidak akan mengatakan revolusi --
13:50
but it certainly evolved very, very deeply
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namun hal itu berkembang, dengan sangat mendalam
13:53
our understanding of the proton,
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tentang pemahaman kita tentang proton
13:56
and of particles beyond that.
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dan partikel-partikel lainnya.
13:58
Well, I had some more that I was going to tell you
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Ada kisah lain yang akan saya ceritakan kepada Anda
14:00
about my connection with Feynman,
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tentang hubungan saya dengan Feynman,
14:02
what he was like,
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seperti apa dia,
14:04
but I see I have exactly half a minute.
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namun saya hanya memiliki setengah menit.
14:06
So I think I'll just finish up
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Jadi saya rasa saya akan menutupnya
14:08
by saying I actually don't think Feynman would have liked this event.
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dengan mengatakan sebenarnya saya rasa Feynman tidak akan menyukai hal ini.
14:12
I think he would have said,
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Saya rasa dia akan berkata
14:15
"I don't need this."
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"Saya tidak memerlukannya."
14:18
But how should we honor Feynman?
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Namun bagaimana kita harus menghormati Feynman?
14:21
How should we really honor Feynman?
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Bagaimana kita benar-benar menghormati Feynman?
14:23
I think the answer is we should honor Feynman
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Saya pikir jawabannya adalah kita harus menghormati Feynman
14:26
by getting as much baloney
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dengan mengambil sosis (omong kosong) sebanyak-banyaknya
14:28
out of our own sandwiches as we can.
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dari sandwich kita sebanyak yang kita mampu.
14:31
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
14:33
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Leonard Susskind - PhysicistLeonard Susskind works on string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics and quantum cosmology at Stanford.
Why you should listen
Leonard Susskind is the Felix Bloch Professor of Physics at Stanford University. His research interests include string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics, and quantum cosmology. He received the Pregel Award from the New York Academy of Science (1975), and the J. J. Sakurai Prize of the American Physical Society (1998) "for his pioneering contributions to hadronic string models, lattice gauge theories, quantum chromodynamics, and dynamical symmetry breaking." He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and, since 2009, has been serving as Director of the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics.
He is a recent recipient of the Los Angeles Times Book Award in Science and Technology for The Black Hole War: My Battle with Stephen Hawking to Make the World Safe for Quantum Mechanics.
Leonard Susskind | Speaker | TED.com