TED2011
Robert Hammond: Building a park in the sky
Robert Hammond: Membangun taman di angkasa
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New York berencana membongkar "High Line", jalur layang kereta api yang tidak digunakan lagi di Manhattan, saat Robert Hammond dan beberapa temannya menyarankan: Mengapa tidak membuatnya menjadi sebuah taman? Dia membagikan kisah tentang bagaimana hal itu terjadi dalam kisah aktivisme budaya lokal ini.
Robert Hammond - Friend of the High Line
The co-founder of Friends of the High Line, Robert Hammond helped lead the effort to build an elevated park on an abandoned railway line in Manhattan. Full bio
The co-founder of Friends of the High Line, Robert Hammond helped lead the effort to build an elevated park on an abandoned railway line in Manhattan. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
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The Highline
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High Line,
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is an old, elevated rail line
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adalah jalur layang kereta api tua
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that runs for a mile and a half right through Manhattan.
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yang tepat melintasi Manhattan sejauh 2,4 Km.
00:22
And it was originally a freight line
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Rel ini aslinya adalah rel untuk kereta barang
00:24
that ran down 10th Ave.
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yang melintasi 10th Ave.
00:27
And it became known as "Death Avenue"
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Dan kemudian mendapat julukan "Jalan Kematian"
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because so many people were run over by the trains
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karena begitu banyak orang yang ditabrak kereta api
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that the railroad hired a guy on horseback to run in front,
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sehingga perusahaan kereta menyewa pria berkuda untuk berjalan di depan
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and he became known as the "West Side Cowboy."
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dan dia lalu dikenal sebagai "Koboi Bagian Barat."
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But even with a cowboy,
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Namun walau dengan adanya koboi,
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about one person a month
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sekitar satu orang setiap bulannya
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was killed and run over.
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tertabrak kereta dan terbunuh.
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So they elevated it.
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Sehingga mereka membuat jalan layang.
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They built it 30 ft. in the air, right through the middle of the city.
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Mereka membangunnya setinggi 9 meter, tepat melalui pusat kota.
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But with the rise of interstate trucking,
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Namun dengan meningkatnya keberadaan truk antarkota,
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it was used less and less.
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rel ini semakin jarang digunakan.
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And by 1980, the last train rode.
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Dan di tahun 1980, kereta terakhir melintasinya.
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It was a train loaded with frozen turkeys -- they say, at Thanksgiving --
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Sebuah kereta penuh dengan kalkun beku -- kata mereka, di hari Thanksgiving --
00:56
from the meatpacking district.
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dari tempat pengepakan daging.
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And then it was abandoned.
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Lalu rel ini tidak digunakan lagi.
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And I live in the neighborhood,
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Dan saya tinggal di lingkungan ini
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and I first read about it in the New York Times,
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dan saat pertama saya membaca tentang hal ini di New York Times
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in an article that said it was going to be demolished.
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dalam sebuah artikel yang mengatakan rel ini akan dibongkar.
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And I assumed someone was working
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Dan saya menganggap seseorang berusaha
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to preserve it or save it
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untuk mempertahankan atau menyelamatkannya
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and I could volunteer,
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dan saya dapat menjadi relawan,
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but I realized no one was doing anything.
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namun saya menyadari tidak ada yang melakukan apapun.
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I went to my first community board meeting --
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Saya pergi ke pertemuan dewan masyarakat --
01:17
which I'd never been to one before --
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yang belum pernah saya datangi sebelumnya --
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and sat next to another guy named Joshua David,
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dan duduk di samping orang bernama Joshua David,
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who's a travel writer.
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seorang penulis kisah perjalanan.
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And at the end of the meeting, we realized
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Dan pada akhir pertemuan, kami menyadari
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we were the only two people that were sort of interested in the project;
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hanya kamilah yang tertarik pada proyek ini,
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most people wanted to tear it down.
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kebanyakan orang ingin menghancurkannya.
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So we exchanged business cards,
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Jadi kami saling menukar kartu nama,
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and we kept calling each other
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dan saling menelepon
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and decided to start this organization,
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dan memutuskan untuk mendirikan organisasi ini,
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Friends of the High Line.
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Sahabat High Line.
01:38
And the goal at first
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Dan tujuan awalnya
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was just saving it from demolition,
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hanyalah menyelamatkan rel ini
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but then we also wanted to figure out what we could do with it.
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namun kemudian kami juga ingin mencari tahu apa yang dapat dilakukan dengan rel ini
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And what first attracted me, or interested me,
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Dan hal pertama yang menarik bagi saya,
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was this view from the street --
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adalah pemandangan dari jalan ini,
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which is this steel structure,
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yaitu struktur baja,
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sort of rusty,
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agak berkarat,
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this industrial relic.
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peninggalan industri ini.
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But when I went up on top,
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Namun saat kami melihat bagian atasnya
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it was a mile and a half of wildflowers
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ada bunga liar sepanjang 2,4 meter
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running right through the middle of Manhattan
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yang tepat berada di tengah-tengah Manhattan
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with views of the Empire State Building
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dengan latar belakang Gedung Empire State.
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and the Statue of Liberty and the Hudson River.
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dan Patung Liberty dan Sungai Hudson.
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And that's really where we started,
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Dan di sinilah semuanya dimulai,
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the idea coalesced around, let's make this a park,
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idenya bergabung menjadi satu, mari kita buat menjadi taman
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and let's have it be sort of inspired
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dan biarkan taman ini terinspirasi
02:13
by this wildscape.
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oleh latar tanaman liar ini.
02:16
At the time, there was a lot of opposition.
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Pada saat itu, ada banyak penolakan.
02:18
Mayor Giuliani wanted to tear it down.
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Walikota Giuliani ingin membongkarnya.
02:20
I'm going to fast-forward through a lot of lawsuits
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Saya akan mempercepat hal ini dengan melewati banyak gugatan
02:22
and a lot of community engagement.
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dan banyak keterlibatan masyarakat.
02:25
Mayor Bloomberg came in office, he was very supportive,
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Walikota Bloomberg mengambil alih jabatannya, dia sangat mendukung
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but we still had to make the economic case.
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namun kita harus membuat perhitungan ekonominya.
02:30
This was after 9/11;
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Ini terjadi setelah 11 September;
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the city was in tough times.
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kota ini di dalam masa sulit.
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So we commissioned an economic feasibility study
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Jadi kami mengadakan studi kelayakan
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to try to make the case.
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untuk mencoba mewujudkannya.
02:38
And it turns out, we got those numbers wrong.
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Dan ternyata, kami mendapat angka yang salah.
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We thought it would cost 100 million dollars to build.
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Kami berpikir biaya pembangunannya adalah 100 miliar dolar.
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So far it's cost about 150 million.
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Sejauh ini, biayanya sekitar 150 miliar.
02:46
And the main case was,
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Dan hal yang utama adalah,
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this is going to make good economic sense for the city.
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taman ini akan menjadi investasi ekonomi yang bagus bagi kota ini.
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So we said over a 20-year time period,
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Jadi kami mengatakan selama 20 tahun ke depan
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the value to the city in increased property values
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nilai dari kota ini dalam peningkatan harga properti
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and increased taxes
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dan peningkatan pajak
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would be about 250 million.
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adalah sekitar 250 miliar.
03:00
That was enough. It really got the city behind it.
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Angka itu cukup. Kota ini mendukung pembangunannya.
03:02
It turns out we were wrong on that.
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Ternyata kami salah dalam hal itu.
03:04
Now people estimate it's created about a half a billion dollars,
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Kini orang memperkirakan taman ini menciptakan sekitar setengah juta dolar
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or will create about a half a billion dollars,
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atau akan menciptakan sekitar setengah juta dolar,
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in tax revenues for the city.
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dalam penerimaan pajak bagi kota ini.
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We did a design competition,
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Kami melakukan perlombaan desain,
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selected a design team.
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memilih satu tim perancang.
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We worked with them to really create a design
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Kami bekerja bersama mereka untuk menciptakan desain
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that was inspired by that wildscape.
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yang benar-benar terilhami oleh tanaman liar ini.
03:20
There's three sections.
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Ada tiga bagian.
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We opened the fist section in 2009.
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Kami membuka bagian pertama pada tahun 2009.
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It's been successful beyond our dreams.
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Dan telah sukses melampaui impian kami.
03:27
Last year we had about two million people,
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Tahun lalu ada dua juta orang,
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which is about 10 times what we ever estimated.
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sekitar 10 kali lipat dari apa yang pernah kami perkirakan.
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This is one of my favorite features in section one.
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Ini adalah salah satu tampilan favorit saya pada bagian pertama.
03:35
It's this amphitheater right over 10th Ave.
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Ini adalah panggung pertunjukan terbuka tepat di atas 10th Ave.
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And the first section ends at 20th St. right now.
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Dan bagian pertama sampai di 20th Street saat ini.
03:41
The other thing, it's generated, obviously, a lot of economic value;
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Hal yang lain, tentu saja taman ini menciptakan banyak nilai ekonomi;
03:44
it's also inspired, I think, a lot of great architecture.
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taman ini juga, saya pikir, mengilhami banyak arsitektur luar biasa.
03:47
There's a point, you can stand here
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Ada suatu titik, Anda dapat berdiri di sana
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and see buildings by Frank Gehry,
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dan melihat gedung karya Frank Gehry,
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Jean Nouvel, Shigeru Ban,
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Jean Nouvel, Shigeru Ban,
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Neil Denari.
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Neil Denari.
03:55
And the Whitney is moving downtown
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Dan "The Whitney" pindah ke pusat kota
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and is building their new museum right at the base of the High Line.
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dan membangun museum baru pertamanya tepat di bawah High Line.
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And this has been designed by Renzo Piano.
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Dan ini dirancang oleh Renzo Piano.
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And they're going to break ground in May.
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Dan mereka akan membukanya pada bulan Mei.
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And we've already started construction on section two.
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Dan kami telah memulai membangun bagian kedua.
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This is one of my favorite features,
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Inilah salah satu tampilan favorit saya,
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this flyover where you're eight feet
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jalan layang di mana Anda berada 2,4 meter
04:12
off the surface of the High Line,
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di atas permukaan High Line
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running through a canopy of trees.
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berjalan melalui kanopi pepohonan.
04:16
The High Line used to be covered in billboards,
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High Line pernah dipenuhi dengan papan iklan,
04:19
and so we've taken a playful take
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sehingga kami mengambil sisi yang menyenangkannya
04:21
where, instead of framing advertisements,
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di mana, ketimbang membingkai iklan,
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it's going to frame people in views of the city.
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papan ini akan membingkai orang-orang jika dilihat dari kota.
04:26
This was just installed last month.
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Ini baru dipasang bulan lalu.
04:29
And then the last section was going to go around the rail yards,
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Lalu bagian terakhir akan melalui depot rel kereta
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which is the largest undeveloped site
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yang merupakan lahan kosong terbesar
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in Manhattan.
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di Manhattan.
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And the city has planned -- for better or for worse --
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Dan kota ini telah merencanakan -- entah baik atau buruk --
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12 million square-feet of development
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pengembangan 4 juta meter persegi
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that the High Line is going to ring around.
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yang akan dikelilingi oleh High Line.
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But what really, I think, makes the High Line special
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Namun saya pikir apa yang membuat High Line benar-benar spesial
04:45
is the people.
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adalah orang-orangnya.
04:47
And honestly, even though I love the designs that we were building,
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Dan sejujurnya, walaupun saya menyukai desain yang kami buat,
04:50
I was always frightened that I wouldn't really love it,
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saya selalu takut bahwa saya tidak akan benar-benar menyukainya
04:53
because I fell in love with that wildscape --
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karena saya jatuh cinta pada tanaman liar itu --
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and how could you recreate that magic?
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dan bagaimana Anda dapat membuat keajaiban itu kembali?
04:57
But what I found
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Namun apa yang saya temukan
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is it's in the people and how they use it
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adalah orang-orang dan cara mereka menggunakan taman inilah
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that, to me, makes it so special.
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yang membuatnya sangat spesial bagi saya.
05:03
Just one quick example
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Jadi satu contoh singkat
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is I realized right after we opened
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adalah saya menyadari bahwa setelah kami membukanya
05:07
that there were all these people holding hands on the High Line.
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dan ada orang-orang yang saling bergandengan tangan di High Line.
05:10
And I realized New Yorkers don't hold hands;
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Dan saya menyadari orang New York tidak bergandeng tangan,
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we just don't do that outside.
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kita tidak melakukannya di luar.
05:16
But you see that happening on the High Line,
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Namun Anda melihat hal itu terjadi di High Line,
05:18
and I think that's the power
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dan saya pikir itulah kekuatan
05:20
that public space can have
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yang dapat dimiliki ruangan publik
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to transform how people experience their city
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untuk mengubah pengalaman orang-orang akan kota mereka
05:24
and interact with each other.
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dan saling berinteraksi satu sama lain.
05:26
Thanks.
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Terima kasih.
05:28
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Hammond - Friend of the High LineThe co-founder of Friends of the High Line, Robert Hammond helped lead the effort to build an elevated park on an abandoned railway line in Manhattan.
Why you should listen
Robert Hammond is the co-founder and former executive director of Friends of the High Line. He's worked as a consultant for a variety of entrepreneurial endeavors and nonprofits, including the Times Square Alliance, Alliance for the Arts and National Cooperative Bank (NCB).
Hammond is also a self-taught artist. From 2002 to 2005 he served as an Ex-Officio Trustee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. He was awarded the Rome Prize from the American Academy in Rome in 2009.
Robert Hammond | Speaker | TED.com