Tasso Azevedo: Hopeful lessons from the battle to save rainforests
タッソ・アゼベド: 森林保護活動から得たこと (気候変動防止への望み)
Tasso Azevedo has helped reduce the rate of deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest by 75 percent — and inspired similar efforts around the world. Full bio
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in Latin America about 500 years ago,
ラテン・アメリカに上陸したとき
this amazing tropical forest.
目にしたに違いありません
that they had never seen before,
多様な生物の中に
their attention very quickly.
ある種がありました
you find a very dark red resin
とても暗い赤色の樹脂が出てきます
and dye fabric to make clothes.
this species pau brasil,
「パウ・ブラジル」と呼んでいました
"land of Brasil," and later on, Brazil.
「ブラジル」と呼ばれるようになった由来です
that has the name of a tree.
付いているのはブラジルだけです
to be a forester in Brazil,
とりわけ素晴らしいことだと
身の回りに溢れています
for climate regulation.
果たしています
of the evaporation that makes rain
水分の70%は 実際のところ
20 billion tons of water every day.
水を大気中に汲み上げています
which is the largest river in the world,
1日で海に流れる量
which is 17 billion tons.
the same effect as evapotranspiration,
同量を蒸発させようとしたら
power generation capacity of the world.
必要があるでしょう
とても役に立っているのです
森林があります
about four billion hectares of forests.
Canada and Brazil all together,
カナダとブラジルの面積を
is in the temperate zone,
hectares, holds most of the biodiversity,
生物の多様性の大半があり
of the living biomass, the carbon.
つまり炭素の50%がここに存在しています
six billion hectares of forest --
what we have -- 2,000 years ago.
in the last 2,000 years.
森林が消失したのですが
we lost half of that.
その半分を占めています
from deforestation of temperate forests
変遷した時期と重なります
過去100年間に
of forest in the tropics
in temperate forests.
森林の面積と同じであるということです
that we are having.
速さです
piece of this puzzle.
forest in the world, just after Russia.
世界第2位です
the world's forests are in Brazil,
ブラジルにありますが
It's a very big, large area.
途方もない広さがあります
many of the European countries there.
合わせたものに匹敵します
of the forest cover.
15%を失いました
pump that we have in the Amazon
この強力な水分ポンプは
fast and accelerating
1990年代の終わりから
and the beginning of the 2000s.
square kilometers in one year.
of Costa Rica every year.
失われています
in the government.
働くことになりました
in the National Forest Department,
and find out the causes of deforestation,
チームに任命され
at a national level,
取り組むことになりました
the civil society,
tackle those causes.
with 144 actions in different areas.
144のプランを立てました
all of them one by one --
of what we had done in the next few years.
いくつかご紹介しましょう
with the national space agency
システムを導入して
where deforestation is happening,
ほぼリアルタイムで
we have this system, DETER,
or every two months,
where deforestation is happening
入手し
when it's happening.
is fully transparent
in independent systems.
取り込むことができます
of logs that were illegally taken.
木材を没収できます
and all the revenue becomes a fund
売り上げは全て
of local communities as an endowment fund.
寄付基金となっています
to make a big operation
including a lot of public servants.
700人の投獄にいたりました
that areas that have been doing
any kind of credit or finance.
断ち切りました
and then linked this to the end users.
最終消費者までの関連付けを行いました
the slaughterhouses, and so on
from illegal clear-cut areas,
for the deforestation.
to push the problem down.
問題を解決しようとしました
on land tenure issues.
手を付けました
of protected areas were created,
were indigenous lands.
原住民たちの土地でした
in Brazil 75 percent.
75%減少しました
with the average deforestation
which is the size of Austria.
870万ヘクタールの森林を保護したことになります
it avoided the emission
of CO2 in the atmosphere.
防いだことです
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
群を抜いて貢献度が高い
these kinds of actions
経済への影響があるのではないかと
economic activity or something like that.
経済活動ができなくなるからですね
that it's quite the opposite.
結果は正反対なのです
the deepest decline of deforestation,
急激に抑えられた期間では
double from the previous decade,
平均値に比べ
森林破壊は抑制されてきたのですから
deforestation come down.
無関係とさえ言えるかもしれません
and it's quite an achievement,
素晴らしい成果です
very proud about that.
the deforestation in the Amazon in 2013,
破壊されています
last year, just last year.
つい昨年のことです
in the other biomes in Brazil,
森林破壊の分を足しあわせると
deforestation rate in the world.
行なわれていることになります
we are forest heroes,
ヒーローといえるでしょうが
not even close to satisfied.
満足に程遠いのです
of forest cover in Brazil
ゼロに抑える試みであり
in the relationship
gas emissions come from deforestation,
森林伐採によるもので
a big part of the solution
炭素を吸収し 蓄える
to sink, capture and store carbon.
重要な解決策となっています
of climate and forests
and made me change my career
with climate change.
職を変えるきっかけとなりました
in British Columbia,
the forest services of other countries
といった国と提携を結んでいる
like Canada, Russia, India, China, U.S.
訪れました
we learned about this pine beetle
the forests in Canada.
these are really dead trees.
実は枯れています
because of the larvae of the beetle.
立ち枯れしているのです
the cold weather in the winter.
the sufficient cold weather
十分に気温が下がらなかったので
the population of this beetle.
that is really killing billions of trees.
何十億本もの木が立ち枯れしたのです
that the forest is actually
victims of climate change.
思うに至りました
with all my colleagues
later on for climate change
洪水、熱波、火事といった災害の
on climate change,
the challenge, and go from there.
模索し始めました
is pretty straightforward.
とても明確です
of the average temperature
to this limit of two degrees,
Panel on Climate Change,
of 1,000 billion tons of CO2
by the number of years,
of 11 billion tons of CO2 per year.
どの位の量でしょう?
running 20 kilometers a day,
or to London, one way.
排出量に相当します
are 50 billion tons, and it's growing.
しかも増え続けています
it will be 61 by 2020.
増加するでしょう
減らさなければなりません
from seven to nine billion people,
from 60 trillion dollars in 2010
is to be much more efficient
from seven tons of carbon per capita
into something like one.
You take the airplane or you have a car.
飛行機に乗るべきか?車を保有すべきか?
a plan to combat deforestation.
思い浮かんだ疑問と全く同じです
Can we really do it?
本当にできることなのでしょうか?
こういう風に考えてみましょう
of the greenhouse gas emissions
温室効果ガス排出の60%を
less than 30 percent.
起因しています
直接的にメスを入れ
tackle deforestation,
that I think we should do.
from carbon emissions.
起こらないようにしなければなりません
to actually get more jobs
森林をすっかりと
when we decreased deforestation
証明されたことです
起こり得るでしょう
in the energy sector.
the incentives to the right place.
移行していかなければなりません
goes into subsidies for fossil fuels.
毎年50兆円ほどの補助金が使われています
and transfer this to the renewable energy?
エネルギーへの転換に使ってはどうでしょうか?
and make it transparent
is emitting greenhouse gases
その結果を公表することが必要で
for each one of those opportunities.
取ることができます
the routes of development,
一気に飛躍して進めることです
to go to the landline telephone
固定電話の設置から
to go to fossil fuels
who don't have access to energy
始めれば良いのです
between governments,
and we need to have everybody on board.
皆で行動しなければなりません
今まで通りのやり方を続けて
as business as usual goes.
to actually change the route,
進むべき道を変えなければなりません
change the route.
with deforestation in Brazil,
そのような活動を行っていますが
with climate change in the world.
できることを願っています
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tasso Azevedo - Forester and sustainability activistTasso Azevedo has helped reduce the rate of deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest by 75 percent — and inspired similar efforts around the world.
Why you should listen
Tasso Azevedo founded the Brazilian non-governmental organization Imaflora in 1995 to create alternatives to deforestation. It became the leading environmental certification institution in Brazil. In 2003 he was appointed as the first director general of Brazil's National Forest Service.
In that job, by showing how the health of the Amazon rainforest is directly connected to his country’s economic stability and energy security, he led the implementation of an innovative framework of incentives for sustainable forestry that contributed to reduce the ate of deforestation in the Amazon by 75 percent -- and Brazil's greenhouse gas emissions by one-third. Today, Azevedo is focused on addressing climate change globally.
Tasso Azevedo | Speaker | TED.com