TEDxRiodelaPlata
Romina Libster: The power of herd immunity
ロミーナ・リブスター: 集団免疫の力
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ワクチンはどのように病気を防ぐのでしょう―そしてワクチン接種には小さすぎる子どもたちの間では？
「集団免疫」というコンセプトは感染の輪を断ち切る為に必要なクリティカルマス（変化が起きるのに必要な数の）人口が摂取を受けるというものです。健康衛生研究者のロミーナ・リブスターはどのように集団免疫が彼女の故郷の町で死に至るH1N1ウイルスの大流行を未然に防いだかを紹介します。（スペイン語）
Romina Libster - Medical researcher
Dr. Romina Libster investigates influenza and other respiratory viruses, searching for ways to most effectively keep viruses from spreading. Full bio
Dr. Romina Libster investigates influenza and other respiratory viruses, searching for ways to most effectively keep viruses from spreading. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
One of the first patients
I had to see as a pediatrician was Sol,
I had to see as a pediatrician was Sol,
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小児科医になり最初に診た患者のうちの一人は
00:17
a beautiful month-old baby
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生後一ヶ月の美しい赤ん坊 ソルでした
00:20
who was admitted with signs
of a severe respiratory infection.
of a severe respiratory infection.
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ソルは重度の呼吸器感染症で入院したのでした
00:23
Until then, I had never seen
a patient worsen so fast.
a patient worsen so fast.
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私はその時まで これほど早く患者が急変する様を
見たことがありませんでした
見たことがありませんでした
00:28
In just two days
she was connected to a respirator
she was connected to a respirator
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２日間 彼女は呼吸器に繋がれ
00:31
and on the third day she died.
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３日目に亡くなりました
00:34
Sol had whooping cough.
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ソルは百日咳にかかっていたのです
00:37
After discussing the case in the room
and after a quite distressing catharsis,
and after a quite distressing catharsis,
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部屋で症例について話し合い
沈痛な気持ちを切り替えた後
沈痛な気持ちを切り替えた後
00:42
I remember my chief resident said to me,
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チーフレジデントがこう言ったのを覚えています
00:44
"Okay, take a deep breath. Wash your face.
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「深呼吸して 顔を洗って来なさい
00:48
And now comes the hardest part:
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ここからが一番大変だよ
00:51
We have to go talk to her parents."
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ご両親に説明しに行かなければ」
00:54
At that time, a thousand questions
came to mind,
came to mind,
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その時 何千という疑問が湧きました
00:58
from, "How could a one-month-old
baby be so unfortunate?"
baby be so unfortunate?"
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「１ヶ月の赤ん坊があんな不運に
見舞われなけりゃいけないなんて？」や
見舞われなけりゃいけないなんて？」や
01:03
to, "Could we have done
something about it?"
something about it?"
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「もっと何かできたんじゃないかしら？」
01:07
Before vaccines existed,
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ワクチンが出来る前
01:09
many infectious diseases
killed millions of people per year.
killed millions of people per year.
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多くの感染症が毎年何百万という
人々の生命を奪いました
人々の生命を奪いました
01:15
During the 1918 flu pandemic
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1918年のインフルエンザ大流行では
01:18
50 million people died.
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５千万人が亡くなりました
01:21
That's greater than Argentina's
current population.
current population.
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アルゼンチンの総人口よりも多い数です
01:25
Perhaps, the older ones among you
remember the polio epidemic
remember the polio epidemic
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皆さんの中には1956年にアルゼンチンを
襲ったポリオ大流行を
襲ったポリオ大流行を
01:29
that occurred in Argentina in 1956.
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知っている方も
いらっしゃるのではないでしょうか
いらっしゃるのではないでしょうか
01:32
At that time, there was no vaccine
available against polio.
available against polio.
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当時 ポリオワクチンはまだ無く
01:35
People didn't know what to do.
They were going crazy.
They were going crazy.
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皆 手立てが無く
我を忘れていました
我を忘れていました
01:38
They would go painting trees
with caustic lime.
with caustic lime.
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生石灰を木々に塗りたくったり
01:40
They'd put little bags of camphor
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樟脳の入った小袋を
01:41
in their children's underwear,
as if that could do something.
as if that could do something.
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それが何か役に立つとでも言うかのように
子供の下着に入れたりしました
子供の下着に入れたりしました
01:46
During the polio epidemic,
thousands of people died.
thousands of people died.
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ポリオ大流行により
何千人もの人々が亡くなりました
何千人もの人々が亡くなりました
01:50
And thousands of people were left
with very significant neurological damage.
with very significant neurological damage.
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そして 何千人もの人々に
神経系の重篤な障害が残りました
神経系の重篤な障害が残りました
01:56
I know this because I read about it,
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これは読んで知ったことですが
01:59
because thanks to vaccines,
my generation was lucky
my generation was lucky
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ワクチンのお陰で私たちの世代は
02:03
to not live through an epidemic
as terrible as this.
as terrible as this.
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これ程酷い疫病に悩まされずに済んだのです
02:05
Vaccines are one of the great successes
of the 20th century's public health.
of the 20th century's public health.
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ワクチンは公衆衛生における
20世紀最大の成功の一つです
20世紀最大の成功の一つです
02:11
After potable water,
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安全な飲み水に次いで
02:13
they are the interventions
that have most reduced mortality,
that have most reduced mortality,
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抗生物質に比べても 最も死亡率の
02:16
even more than antibiotics.
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低下に寄与した発明で
02:19
Vaccines eradicated terrible diseases
such as smallpox from the planet
such as smallpox from the planet
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ワクチンは天然痘のような重篤な病気を
地上から駆逐し
地上から駆逐し
02:24
and succeeded in significantly
reducing mortality
reducing mortality
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麻疹や百日咳、ポリオなどといった病気による
02:28
due to other diseases such as measles,
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死亡率を大きく減少させることに寄与しました
02:30
whooping cough, polio and many more.
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死亡率を大きく減少させることに寄与しました
02:34
All these diseases are considered
vaccine-preventable diseases.
vaccine-preventable diseases.
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これら全ての病気はワクチンで
防げる病気だと考えられています
防げる病気だと考えられています
02:41
What does this mean?
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これはどういうことでしょう？
02:43
That they are potentially preventable,
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つまり こうした病気は
予防できるはずなのですが
予防できるはずなのですが
02:46
but in order to be so,
something must be done.
something must be done.
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予防する為には
しなくてはならないことがあります
しなくてはならないことがあります
02:49
You need to get vaccinated.
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ワクチンを受ける必要があるのです
02:52
I imagine that most,
if not all of us here today,
if not all of us here today,
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今日ここにいる皆さんのほとんどは
02:55
received a vaccine
at some point in our life.
at some point in our life.
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一生のうちいつか ワクチンを受けるでしょう
03:00
Now, I'm not so sure that many of us know
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でもこの中で何人が
青年期を過ぎてどのワクチンや
青年期を過ぎてどのワクチンや
03:04
which vaccines or boosters
we should receive after adolescence.
we should receive after adolescence.
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追加免疫を受けるべきかを
知っているかとなると分かりません
知っているかとなると分かりません
03:10
Have you ever wondered
who we are protecting
who we are protecting
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いったい誰を守る為にワクチンを打つのだろう
03:14
when we vaccinate?
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と思ったことは？
03:17
What do I mean by that?
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これはどういう意味でしょう？
03:18
Is there any other effect
beyond protecting ourselves?
beyond protecting ourselves?
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自分を守る以外の効果があるのでしょうか？
03:25
Let me show you something.
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ご説明しましょう
03:27
Imagine for a moment
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今 一度も麻疹などの疫病が流行ったことのない
03:30
that we are in a city
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今 一度も麻疹などの疫病が流行ったことのない
03:32
that has never had a case
of a particular disease,
of a particular disease,
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街にいるとしましょう
03:35
such as the measles.
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街にいるとしましょう
03:37
This would mean that no one in the city
has ever had contact with the disease.
has ever had contact with the disease.
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ここでは誰も病気に罹ったことがなく
03:42
No one has natural defenses against,
nor been vaccinated against measles.
nor been vaccinated against measles.
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その為に誰も麻疹への耐性が無く
ワクチンを打った事もありません
ワクチンを打った事もありません
03:47
If one day, a person sick with the measles
appears in this city
appears in this city
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ある日 麻疹患者が街を訪れます
03:53
the disease won't find much resistance
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麻疹は抵抗に遭うこと無く
03:56
and will begin spreading
from person to person,
from person to person,
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瞬く間に人から人へと感染って行き
03:59
and in no time it will disseminate
throughout the community.
throughout the community.
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コミュニティ全体へと感染してしまいます
04:03
After a certain time
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しばらくすると
04:05
a big part of the population will be ill.
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人口の殆どが病気になってしまいます
04:09
This happened when there were no vaccines.
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ワクチンが無い場合にはこうなりますが
04:14
Now, imagine the complete opposite case.
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逆の場合を考えてみましょう
04:19
We are in a city
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この街では
04:21
where more than 90 percent
of the population
of the population
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人口の90%以上が麻疹への抗体があり―
04:24
has defenses against
the measles, which means
the measles, which means
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つまり
04:27
that they either had the disease,
survived, and developed natural defenses;
survived, and developed natural defenses;
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既に一度麻疹に罹り自然に抗体が出来ているか
04:30
or that they had been
immunized against measles.
immunized against measles.
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麻疹ワクチンを打っているか
どちらかです
どちらかです
04:35
If one day,
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ある日
04:36
a person sick with the measles
appears in this city,
appears in this city,
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麻疹患者が街を訪れます
04:41
the disease will find much more resistance
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麻疹はかなりの抵抗に遭い
04:44
and won't be transmitted
that much from person to person.
that much from person to person.
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人から人へとそれが伝染することもありません
04:48
The spread will probably remain contained
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感染は最小限度に留まり
04:52
and a measles outbreak won't happen.
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麻疹の大流行は起こりません
04:57
I would like you
to pay attention to something.
to pay attention to something.
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ここで注意をして頂きたいのが
05:00
People who are vaccinated
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ワクチンを受けた人々は
05:03
are not only protecting themselves,
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自分自身だけを守るのではなく
05:06
but by blocking the dissemination
of the disease
of the disease
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コミュニティで病気が
流行することを防ぐという点で
流行することを防ぐという点で
05:09
within the community,
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05:11
they are indirectly protecting
the people in this community
the people in this community
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間接的にワクチンを受けていない
コミュニティの住人たちも
コミュニティの住人たちも
05:16
who are not vaccinated.
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守っているのです
05:18
They create a kind of protective shield
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ワクチンを受けることで
05:21
which prevents them from
coming in contact with the disease,
coming in contact with the disease,
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病気との接触を防ぐシールドを張り
05:24
so that these people are protected.
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人々を守ります
05:28
This indirect protection
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このようにして
05:31
that the unvaccinated people
within a community receive
within a community receive
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コミュニティでまだ
ワクチンを受けていない人々が
ワクチンを受けていない人々が
05:35
simply by being surrounded
by vaccinated people,
by vaccinated people,
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ワクチンを接種した人々に囲まれる
ことで生まれる間接的なシールドは
ことで生まれる間接的なシールドは
05:39
is called herd immunity.
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「集団免疫」と呼ばれています
05:45
Many people in the community
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コミュニティの人々の多くは
05:47
depend almost exclusively
on this herd immunity
on this herd immunity
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この集団免疫だけによって
05:51
to be protected against disease.
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病気から守られています
05:54
The unvaccinated people you see
in infographics are not just hypothetical.
in infographics are not just hypothetical.
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この図表で見る
ワクチンを受けていない人々の割合は実際のものです
ワクチンを受けていない人々の割合は実際のものです
05:59
Those people are our nieces
and nephews, our children,
and nephews, our children,
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彼らは私たちの甥、姪、子どもたちなどの
06:02
who may be too young
to receive their first shots.
to receive their first shots.
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ワクチンを接種するには若すぎる
子どもたちです
子どもたちです
06:07
They are our parents, our siblings,
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また 私たちの親が、兄妹が
06:09
our acquaintances,
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知り合いが
06:10
who may have a disease,
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何か病気にかかっていたり
06:12
or take medication
that lowers their defenses.
that lowers their defenses.
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免疫を弱める薬を飲んでいて
未接種かも知れないのです
未接種かも知れないのです
06:18
There are also people who are
allergic to a particular vaccine.
allergic to a particular vaccine.
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特定のワクチンへアレルギーが
ある人達もいます
ある人達もいます
06:23
They could even be among us,
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ワクチンを接種しても
06:25
any of us who got vaccinated,
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期待した効果が生じていない人は
06:27
but the vaccine didn't produce
the expected effect,
the expected effect,
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ここにもいるかもしれません
06:31
because not all vaccines
are always 100 percent effective.
are always 100 percent effective.
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全てのワクチンが100%
常に効力がある訳では無いのです
常に効力がある訳では無いのです
06:35
All these people depend
almost exclusively on herd immunity
almost exclusively on herd immunity
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このような人たちは集団免疫だけによって
病気から守られています
病気から守られています
06:40
to be protected against diseases.
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06:44
To achieve this effect of herd immunity,
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集団免疫を有効にする為には
06:49
it is necessary that a large percentage
of the population be vaccinated.
of the population be vaccinated.
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人口の大多数がワクチン接種を
受ける必要があります
受ける必要があります
06:54
This percentage is called the threshold.
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この必要な接種率は
「閾値（いき値）」と呼ばれ
「閾値（いき値）」と呼ばれ
06:57
The threshold depends on many variables:
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閾値は様々な変数に左右されします
07:01
It depends on the germ's characteristics,
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ウイルスの性質だったり
07:03
and those of the immune response
that the vaccine generates.
that the vaccine generates.
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ワクチンが生じさせる免疫反応だったり
07:08
But they all have something in common.
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そしてそれらは全て共通点があります
07:10
If the percentage of the population
in a vaccinated community
in a vaccinated community
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もしコミュニティでのワクチン接種率が
07:15
is below this threshold number,
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閾値以下であれば
07:19
the disease will begin
to spread more freely
to spread more freely
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病気が伝染しやすくなるので
07:23
and may generate an outbreak
of this disease within the community.
of this disease within the community.
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コミュニティの中で大流行が
発生する可能性があります
発生する可能性があります
07:27
Even diseases which were
at some point controlled may reappear.
at some point controlled may reappear.
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一旦収束しかけた病気ですら
再流行するかも知れません
再流行するかも知れません
07:36
This is not just a theory.
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これは理論上の空論ではなく
07:38
This has happened,
and is still happening.
and is still happening.
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実際に起った状況で
今でも見られる現象です
今でも見られる現象です
07:43
In 1998, a British researcher
published an article
published an article
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1998年 イギリス人の研究者が
07:47
in one of the most important
medical journals,
medical journals,
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著名な医学誌に論文を発表しました
07:50
saying that the MMR vaccine,
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麻疹、おたふく風邪、風疹を予防する
07:53
which is given for measles,
mumps and rubella,
mumps and rubella,
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新三種混合ワクチンは
07:55
was associated with autism.
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自閉症の発症に関連している
というものです
というものです
07:57
This generated an immediate impact.
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この発表はすぐさま 反響を呼びました
08:01
People began to stop getting vaccinated,
and stopped vaccinating their children.
and stopped vaccinating their children.
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人々はワクチン接種を止め
子どもたちへの接種も止みました
子どもたちへの接種も止みました
08:05
And what happened?
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それでどうなったでしょう？
08:07
The number of people vaccinated,
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世界中でワクチン接種した人口は
08:09
in many communities around the world,
fell below this threshold.
fell below this threshold.
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閾値以下に減少し
08:13
And there were outbreaks of measles
in many cities in the world --
in many cities in the world --
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世界各国の都市で麻疹の大流行が起こりました
08:17
in the U.S., in Europe.
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アメリカ ヨーロッパ などでもです
08:19
Many people got sick.
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多くの人びとが病気になり
08:22
People died of measles.
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麻疹により亡くなりました
08:25
What happened?
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それから
08:27
This article also generated a huge stir
within the medical community.
within the medical community.
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この論文について医学界で大きな議論が起こり
08:32
Dozens of researchers began to assess
if this was actually true.
if this was actually true.
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何十人もの研究者達が
その真偽を確認するための研究を始めました
その真偽を確認するための研究を始めました
08:37
Not only could no one find
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しかし誰も
08:40
a causal association between MMR
and autism at the population level,
and autism at the population level,
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新三種混合ワクチンと自閉症の間に
因果関係を見いだせなかっただけでなく
因果関係を見いだせなかっただけでなく
08:45
but it was also found that this article
had incorrect claims.
had incorrect claims.
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この論文には正しくない主張が
書かれていたことが分かりました
書かれていたことが分かりました
08:50
Even more, it was fraudulent.
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論文は意図的に操作されていたのです
08:54
It was fraudulent.
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08:57
In fact, the journal publicly retracted
the article in 2010.
the article in 2010.
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医学誌はこの論文を2010年に
正式に撤回しています
正式に撤回しています
09:04
One of the main concerns and excuses
for not getting vaccinated
for not getting vaccinated
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ワクチン接種を避ける理由や口実の一つは
09:08
are the adverse effects.
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副作用です
09:11
Vaccines, like other drugs,
can have potential adverse effects.
can have potential adverse effects.
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ワクチンは薬と同じく
副作用を起こす可能性があります
副作用を起こす可能性があります
09:17
Most are mild and temporary.
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ほとんどは軽度で一時的なもので
09:20
But the benefits are always greater
than possible complications.
than possible complications.
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そうした副作用よりも
常に利点の方が大きいのです
常に利点の方が大きいのです
09:27
When we are ill,
we want to heal fast.
we want to heal fast.
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私たちは病気の時は早く治りたいものです
09:32
Many of us who are here
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私たちはよく
09:34
take antibiotics
when we have an infection,
when we have an infection,
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感染症にかかると抗生物質を飲み
09:38
we take anti-hypertensives
when we have high blood pressure,
when we have high blood pressure,
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高血圧になると降圧剤を飲みます
09:41
we take cardiac medications.
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循環器系の為の薬を飲みます
09:43
Why? Because we are sick
and we want to heal fast.
and we want to heal fast.
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病気から早く治りたいからです
09:46
And we don't question it much.
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そこに疑問はほとんどありませんね
09:48
Why is it so difficult
to think of preventing diseases,
to think of preventing diseases,
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では何故 自分達が健康なうちに
09:53
by taking care of ourselves
when we are healthy?
when we are healthy?
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適切なケアをして 病気から身を守る事が
難しく感じるのでしょう？
難しく感じるのでしょう？
09:57
We take care of ourselves a lot
when affected by an illness,
when affected by an illness,
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私たちは病気になったり目前に危機が迫ると
10:00
or in situations of imminent danger.
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必死に身体のケアをしますね
10:04
I imagine most of us here,
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ここにいる私たちの殆どが
10:06
remember the influenza-A pandemic
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2009年にアルゼンチンそして世界中で起こった
10:10
which broke out in 2009
in Argentina and worldwide.
in Argentina and worldwide.
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A型インフルエンザの大流行を
覚えているはずです
覚えているはずです
10:14
When the first cases
began to come to light,
began to come to light,
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最初の症例が明らかになった時
10:17
we, here in Argentina,
were entering the winter season.
were entering the winter season.
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アルゼンチンは冬になったばかりで
10:21
We knew absolutely nothing.
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私たちは何も知らず
10:24
Everything was a mess.
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全ては混乱していました
10:25
People wore masks on the street,
ran into pharmacies to buy alcohol gel.
ran into pharmacies to buy alcohol gel.
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人々は町中でマスクを付け
アルコール除菌ジェルを買いに薬局へ走り
アルコール除菌ジェルを買いに薬局へ走り
10:30
People would line up
in pharmacies to get a vaccine,
in pharmacies to get a vaccine,
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薬局ではワクチン接種の列が出来
10:34
without even knowing
if it was the right vaccine
if it was the right vaccine
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ましてそれがこの新しいウイルスに対して
10:36
that would protect them
against this new virus.
against this new virus.
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有効なワクチンかどうかも
分かっていないというのに―
分かっていないというのに―
10:39
We knew absolutely nothing.
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私たちは何も知りませんでした
10:41
At that time, in addition to doing
my fellowship at the Infant Foundation,
my fellowship at the Infant Foundation,
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当時 私は Infant Foundationの
奨学生としての研究に加え
奨学生としての研究に加え
10:46
I worked as a home pediatrician
for a prepaid medicine company.
for a prepaid medicine company.
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南米式前払い制医療会社で
小児専門の家庭医として働いていました
小児専門の家庭医として働いていました
10:51
I remember that I started
my shift at 8 a.m.,
my shift at 8 a.m.,
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シフトが始まる朝８時
10:54
and by 8, I already had a list
of 50 scheduled visits.
of 50 scheduled visits.
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それまでに50人の予約が
入っていました
入っていました
10:59
It was chaos;
people didn't know what to do.
people didn't know what to do.
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そこはカオスでした
誰もどうすればいいか分かっていませんでした
誰もどうすればいいか分かっていませんでした
11:02
I remember the types of patients
that I was examining.
that I was examining.
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私が診療した患者たちの傾向をよく覚えています
11:07
The patients were a little older than
what we were used to seeing in winter,
what we were used to seeing in winter,
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患者たちは通常冬に診る患者たちよりも
少し年齢が上で
少し年齢が上で
11:12
with longer fevers.
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熱が長く続いていました
11:14
And I mentioned that
to my fellowship mentor,
to my fellowship mentor,
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その事を当時の職場の指導医に報告すると
11:18
and he, for his part, had heard
the same from a colleague,
the same from a colleague,
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彼は彼で同じような報告を同僚から聞いていて
11:21
about the large number
of pregnant women
of pregnant women
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妊婦の多くや若者達が
11:24
and young adults
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11:26
being hospitalized in intensive care,
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病院のICUにケアの難しい臨床例として
11:28
with hard-to-manage clinical profiles.
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収容されているということでした
11:32
At that time, we set out to understand
what was happening.
what was happening.
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それで私たちは何が起こっているのかを
解明しようとしました
解明しようとしました
11:39
First thing Monday morning,
we took the car
we took the car
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月曜の朝一番に車で
11:42
and went to a hospital
in Buenos Aires Province,
in Buenos Aires Province,
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ブエノスアイレスの郊外にある
11:45
that served as a referral hospital
for cases of the new influenza virus.
for cases of the new influenza virus.
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新型インフルエンザ患者の
受け入れ病院へ行きました
受け入れ病院へ行きました
11:51
We arrived at the hospital;
it was crowded.
it was crowded.
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そこに着くとそこは混み合っていて
11:53
All health staff were dressed
in NASA-like bio-safety suits.
in NASA-like bio-safety suits.
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医療スタッフはNASAのような
防護服を着ていました
防護服を着ていました
11:57
We all had face masks in our pockets.
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私たちは全員ポケットにマスクを忍ばせ
11:59
I, being a hypochondriac,
didn't breathe for two hours.
didn't breathe for two hours.
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神経質な私は２時間
息を止めていました
息を止めていました
12:02
But we could see what was happening.
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それでも何が起こっているかは分かりました
12:05
Immediately, we started
reaching out to pediatricians
reaching out to pediatricians
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直ぐに私たちは市内の６病院そして
12:09
from six hospitals in the city
and in Buenos Aires Province.
and in Buenos Aires Province.
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ブエノスアイレス郊外の病院の
小児科医たちに連絡をし始めました
小児科医たちに連絡をし始めました
12:13
Our main goal was to find out
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目的は この新しいウイルスが
12:16
how this new virus behaved
in contact with our children,
in contact with our children,
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子どもたちに
どのような症状をもたらすか
どのような症状をもたらすか
12:20
in the shortest time possible.
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出来る限り短期間で調べることでした
12:23
A marathon work.
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マラソンのような過酷な仕事でした
12:26
In less than three months,
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３ヶ月以内に
12:29
we could see what effect
this new H1N1 virus had
this new H1N1 virus had
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この新たなH1N1ウイルスが持つ性質を
12:35
on the 251 children
hospitalized by this virus.
hospitalized by this virus.
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251人の感染し入院している子どもたちで
確認することができました
確認することができました
12:41
We could see which children
got more seriously ill:
got more seriously ill:
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最も症状が重く出る子どもたちは
12:45
children under four, especially those
less than one year old;
less than one year old;
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４歳以下で特に１歳以下の子どもたち
12:49
patients with neurological diseases;
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特に神経系の病を患う子どもたち
12:51
and young children
with chronic pulmonary diseases.
with chronic pulmonary diseases.
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そして慢性的な呼吸器疾患の
ある子どもたちでした
ある子どもたちでした
12:55
Identifying these at-risk groups
was important
was important
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これらの高リスクグループを
見分けることは重要でした
見分けることは重要でした
13:00
to include them as priority groups
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彼らをインフルエンザワクチン接種の
13:02
in the recommendations
for getting the influenza vaccine,
for getting the influenza vaccine,
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優先リストへ組み込む為です
13:05
not only here in Argentina,
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この情報はアルゼンチンのみならず
13:07
but also in other countries
which the pandemic not yet reached.
which the pandemic not yet reached.
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感染大流行がまだ襲っていない
国々にも伝えられました
国々にも伝えられました
13:12
A year later,
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１年後
13:14
when a vaccine against the pandemic
H1N1 virus became available,
H1N1 virus became available,
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H1N1ウイルスワクチンが出来て
13:19
we wanted to see what happened.
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私たちは状況を見守りました
13:22
After a huge vaccination campaign
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高リスクグループを守ることを唱った
13:25
aimed at protecting at-risk groups,
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大掛かりなワクチンキャペーンの後
13:30
these hospitals, with 93 percent
of the at-risk groups vaccinated,
of the at-risk groups vaccinated,
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高リスクグループの人々の93%が
ワクチンの接種を受けた病院では
ワクチンの接種を受けた病院では
13:37
had not hospitalized a single patient
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H1N1ウイルスに羅患した
13:40
for the pandemic H1N1 virus.
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患者の入院は１例もありませんでした
13:43
(Applause)
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（拍手）
13:47
In 2009: 251.
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2009年には251例だったものが
13:53
In 2010: zero.
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2010年にはゼロになりました
13:56
Vaccination is an act
of individual responsibility,
of individual responsibility,
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ワクチン接種は個人の
責任に基づく行為ですが
責任に基づく行為ですが
14:01
but it has a huge collective impact.
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集団へ大きな影響を及ぼす力があります
14:06
If I get vaccinated,
not only am I protecting myself,
not only am I protecting myself,
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私がワクチンを接種すると
自分だけでなく
自分だけでなく
14:11
but I am also protecting others.
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周囲の人々をも守ることが出来るのです
14:15
Sol had whooping cough.
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百日咳を患ったソルは
14:19
Sol was very young,
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まだとても小さく
14:21
and she hadn't yet received
her first vaccine against whooping cough.
her first vaccine against whooping cough.
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百日咳のワクチンを
まだ受けていませんでした
まだ受けていませんでした
14:27
I still wonder what would have happened
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まだこう考えるのです
14:30
if everyone around Sol
had been vaccinated.
had been vaccinated.
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もしソルの周りにいた全員が
ワクチンを接種していたらどうだったかしらと
ワクチンを接種していたらどうだったかしらと
14:37
(Applause)
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（拍手）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Romina Libster - Medical researcherDr. Romina Libster investigates influenza and other respiratory viruses, searching for ways to most effectively keep viruses from spreading.
Why you should listen
Dr. Romina Libster is a staff scientist and assistant investigator at the National Scientific and Technical Research Council, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. She received her Doctor of Medicine, with High Honors from the University Of Buenos Aires School Of Medicine in 2004. She then completed her pediatric internship and residency at the “Pedro de Elizalde” Children’s Hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 2004-2008. Upon completion of this training she began her Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship at the Fundación INFANT in Buenos Aires under the tutelage of a renowned investigator, Dr. Fernando P. Polack. Shortly after assuming her fellowship position, she began the Master in Clinical Effectiveness Program in Buenos Aires. She conducted a series of complex and innovative studies on respiratory viruses, with a special focus on influenza. Romina was invited by Dr. Kathryn M. Edwards to join the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program team at Vanderbilt University in 2009 where she is leading a large clinical trial to determine the safety and immunogenicity of sequential rotavirus vaccine schedules. In 2013, Dr. Libster returned to her home country through a repatriation program from Fundación INFANT where she joined the faculty at the institution.
Romina Libster | Speaker | TED.com