Linda Hill: How to manage for collective creativity
リンダ・ヒル: 集団の創造性をマネジメントする
Linda Hill studies collective genius -- the way great companies, and great leaders, empower creativity from many. Full bio
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to help people learn to lead.
学ぶ手助けに燃えています
think of as great leadership
多くの人々が考えるものが
to leading innovation.
有効でないと気づいたのです
in which I'm interested.
up close and personal
優れたリーダーシップについて
across the globe,
of hours on the ground,
観察しました
and pages of field notes
分厚いフィールドノートに
for patterns in what our leaders did.
分析した記録ができあがりました
that can innovate time and again,
組織を作りあげるには
notions of leadership.
捨て去る必要があります
about creating a vision,
ビジョンを創造したり
与えることでもありません
that is both new and useful.
新しくて同時に有用なあらゆるものを指します
or a way of organizing.
構いません
or it can be breakthrough.
急な突破口だったり
if you know who this is.
分かった方は手をそのままで
have seen a Pixar movie,
観たことはあっても
知っている人は 殆どいないようですね
I had the privilege of studying.
研究する機会がありました
制作されていたのは
a rat becoming a master chef.
大胆なテーマの映画です
are really mainstream today,
colleagues nearly 20 years
長編CG映画の制作に
full-length C.G. movie.
they've produced 14 movies.
彼らは14本の映画を制作しました
and I'm here to tell you
こう確信しています
about innovation, though,
having an 'Aha!' moment.
想像したりしがちですが
what it takes to make a Pixar movie:
必要な事は何か 少し考えてみましょう
produces one of those movies.
それでは あんな映画は出来ません
250 people four to five years,
250人が4〜5年をかけてやっと
drew a version of this picture.
描いてくれました
was a neat series of steps
明確に分かれたユニットにより
he thought it failed to really tell you
このプロセスが
and, frankly, messy their process was.
表現しきれないと思ったようです
at Pixar, the story evolves.
物語が発展していきます
the challenges are
are working on a particular scene.
of chocolate to the bird,
ひとかけ渡しますが
almost six months to perfect.
ほぼ6ヶ月をかけて完成させたのです
is considered finished
an animator drew a character
登場人物の眉を弓型に描いて
suggested a mischievous side.
drawing, he thought it was great.
素晴らしい出来だ
it doesn't fit the character."
合っていないからね」
came back and said,
言いました
was allowed to share
彼の「天才の片鱗」を
as his slice of genius,
reconceive the character
しかし重要な変更を加え
that really improved the story.
of innovation is a paradox.
パラドックスがあります
and passions of many people
into a work that is actually useful.
仕事に生かす為に取り込む―
problem solving,
who have different expertise
完成形で生み出されることは稀です
usually, of trial and error.
missteps and mistakes.
つまずきや失敗
very exhilarating,
really downright scary.
that Pixar is able to do what it does,
可能にした理由を考えるとき
what's going on here?
考えてみる必要があります
and certainly Hollywood,
that have failed.
失敗に終わってきました
cooks, if you will, in the kitchen.
with all of its cooks,
あんなに多くの人員を抱えているのに
time and time again?
an Islamic Bank in Dubai,
or a social enterprise in Africa,
或いはアフリカのソーシャル企業を研究して
have three capabilities:
分かりました
agility and creative resolution.
創造的決断力です
to create a marketplace of ideas
they amplify differences,
目立たなくするのではなく
about brainstorming,
その場での判断を保留してしまうような
heated but constructive arguments
議論を戦わせる術を知っているのです
to actively listen, but guess what?
それだけではありません
advocate for their point of view.
innovation rarely happens
多様性と摩擦の両方がそろわない所では
diversity and conflict.
ということが分かっています
to test and refine that portfolio of ideas
一連のアイデアのリストを
reflection and adjustment.
テストし絞り込むことです
your way to the future.
未来が開けていきます
you have that interesting combination
芸術的なプロセスが合わさった
and the artistic process.
experiments, and not a series of pilots.
予備実験とは異なります
that you need to know.
正解を得るためのものです
someone or something is to blame.
誰か あるいは何かが責められます
is creative resolution.
even opposing ideas
that is new and useful.
they never go along to get along.
彼らは仲良くやるが為に同調したりはしません
or one individual dominate,
支配的にさせません
even if it's the expert.
decision making process
意思決定プロセスを用いて
solutions to arise
「両立」を認めるような
私達は考えています
infrastructure group of Google.
技術インフラストラクチャ・グループで
of Google is the group
up and running 24/7.
to introduce Gmail and YouTube,
発表しようとした頃
system wasn't adequate.
不十分だと知っていました
and the infrastructure group at that time
技術インフラストラクチャ・グループの
who he referred to as his brain trust,
リーダーシップチームは
about this situation.
to tackle this task,
一つだけ作るのではなく
to emerge spontaneously
自然にできてくるように
自発的に出来るようにしたのです
as Build It From Scratch.
と呼ばれました
build on the current system.
現行のシステムを基にするべきだと言い
that it was time for a whole new system.
全く新規のシステムを導入すべきだと言いました
were allowed to work full-time
Bill described his role as,
ビルは彼の役割を
the process by driving debate."
率直さを吹き込む」ものだと表現しました
to build prototypes so that they could
促されました
and discover for themselves
各自のアプローチの
of their particular approach."
their prototype with the group
to go off in the middle of the night
夜中でも警報が鳴るという
with the website,
limitations of their particular design.
デザインの限界を知らしめました
became more urgent
evidence, began to come in,
that the Big Table solution
はっきりしてきました
they did not lose the learning
to join a new team that was emerging
チームに加えました
all working at breakneck speed.
取り組んでいたのだそうです
engineers had gone to Bill and said,
エンジニアの一人がビルに言いました
for this inefficient system
付き合う時間はありませんよ」
he began to understand
彼は 才能ある人々に
people to play out their passions.
自由にやらせてみる知恵に気づき
to all be on one team,
「もし全員が1つのチームにさせられていたら
who was right, and winning,
誰が正しいとか誰が勝つとかを示そうとし
what was the best answer for Google."
目が行かなかったかもしれません」
are able to innovate time and again?
繰り返し革新し続けられるのでしょうか?
the capabilities required for that.
マスターしているからです
collaborative problem solving,
discovery-driven learning
integrated decision making.
and saying to yourselves right now,
those things in my organization.
do those things at Pixar,
do those things at Google?"
that worked for Bill told us,
of the finest leaders in Silicon Valley,
随一のリーダーだということでした
the man is a genius.
彼は天才でした
when we think about great leadership.
思い浮かべがちなものとは違います
early on said to me,
こう言いました
(Laughter)
(笑)
I'm supposed to create a vision.
that's truly new, I have no answers.
全く新しいことで 答えなんてないんだ
direction we're going in
how to figure out how to get there."
見つけられる自信が無いんだ」
when visionary leadership
リーダーシップが
that can innovate time and again,
立ちあげたい時には
of what leadership is about.
理解を改める必要があります
creating the space
and able to do the hard work
難題に人々が進んで取り組める
may be wondering,
really look like?"
具体的にどんなものか?」
that innovation takes a village.
多くの人員が必要だと理解されています
a sense of community
育むことに注力します
どう考えているでしょう?
is about creating a world
人々が所属したいと思える世界を
want to belong in at Pixar?
どんな世界でしょう?
living at the frontier.
their time thinking about,
the sensibility of a public square
公共の広場のようなスタジオを
no matter what their level or role,
映画について
about a particular film.
minority voices in this organization,
残らず引き出し
in a very generous way."
at the credits of a Pixar movie,
見たことがあるでしょうか
a production are listed there.
そこに名前が挙がっています
what his role was?
どう考えていたのでしょう?
a volunteer organization.
to follow me anywhere.
with me the future.
見守ることなんだ」
I'm a human glue,
人間接着剤であり
I'm an aggregator of viewpoints.
あらゆる視点をまとめる役であって
deliberately fuzzy and vague.
時には効果的なんだ」
be wondering now,
I'm the social architect.
ソーシャル・アーキテクトで
people are willing and able
their talents and passions."
創っているんだ」
that you don't work at a Pixar,
自分はピクサーやグーグルで働いていないことを
organizations you'd think of
in a pharmaceutical company
法務責任者を研究しました
to get the outside lawyers,
to collaborate and innovate.
なりませんでした
at a German automaker
マーケティング部長を研究した時は
that it was the design engineers,
デザイン・エンジニアのやる事で
who were allowed to be innovative.
考えられていました
at HCL Technologies,
HCLテクノロジーズの
words, to become irrelevant.
「無意味になって」いく所でした
into a global dynamo of I.T. innovation.
世界的な原動力に転換していきました
like at many companies,
多くの企業同様
their role as setting direction
誰も逸脱しないようにすることが
no one deviated from it.
学んできていました
it was time for them
見直してみることを
what they were supposed to do.
is that everybody was looking up
上からの支持を仰ぎ
the kind of bottom-up innovation
なかったからです
stopped trying to provide solutions.
ただ与えることを止め
is they began to see
pyramid, the young sparks,
closest to the customers,
the organization's growth
最下層レベルに
about inverting the pyramid
これは「ピラミッドを反転させ
the power of the many
and the speed of innovation
質とスピードを向上させる」
other leaders that we studied
私達が研究した他のリーダー達は皆
that that was not their role.
彼らは確かに理解していました
that many of you did not recognize Ed.
偶然だとは思わないのです
that our role as leaders
リーダーとしての役割は場を創りだすことで
と考えていたからです
many of us are here,
of collective genius.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Linda Hill - Management professorLinda Hill studies collective genius -- the way great companies, and great leaders, empower creativity from many.
Why you should listen
Linda A. Hill is the Wallace Brett Donham Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School. In 2014, Professor Hill co-authored Collective Genius: The Art and Practice of Leading Innovation. It features thick descriptions of exceptional leaders of innovation in a wide range of industries—from information technology to law to design—and geographies—from the US and Europe to the Middle East and Asia. Business Insider named Collective Genius one of “The 20 Best Business Books” in summer 2014.
She is the faculty chair of the Leadership Initiative and has chaired numerous HBS Executive Education programs, including the Young She is the co-author, with Kent Lineback, of Being the Boss: The 3 Imperatives of Becoming a Great Leader and Breakthrough Leadership, a blended cohort-based program that helps organizations transform midlevel managers into more effective leaders. Breakthrough Leadership was the winner of the 2013 Brandon Hall Group Award for Best Advance in Unique Learning Technology. The book was included in the Wall Street Journal as one of the “Five Business Books to Read for Your Career in 2011." She is also the author of Becoming a Manager: How New Managers Master the Challenges of Leadership (2nd Edition). She heads up Harvard's Presidents' Organization Presidents' Seminar and the High Potentials Leadership Program, and was course head during the development of the new Leadership and Organizational Behavior MBA required course.
Linda Hill | Speaker | TED.com