Linda Hill: How to manage for collective creativity
Linda Hill: Come liberare la creatività collettiva
Linda Hill studies collective genius -- the way great companies, and great leaders, empower creativity from many. Full bio
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di insegnare la leadership.
to help people learn to lead.
di leadership
think of as great leadership
di guidare settori innovativi.
to leading innovation.
che mi interessano.
in which I'm interested.
studiando molto da vicino
up close and personal
dell'innovazione.
tra donne e uomini,
across the globe,
centinaia di ore sul posto,
of hours on the ground,
e pagine di note sul campo
and pages of field notes
schemi ricorrenti nei nostri leader.
for patterns in what our leaders did.
capaci di innovazione continua,
that can innovate time and again,
i nostri preconcetti sulla leadership.
notions of leadership.
non significa creare una visione
about creating a vision,
ogni cosa nuova e al contempo utile.
that is both new and useful.
o una modalità organizzativa.
or a way of organizing.
or it can be breakthrough.
come vedete.
if you know who this is.
se conoscete anche lui.
conoscano i film della Pixar.
have seen a Pixar movie,
hanno riconosciuto Ed Catmull,
il privilegio di studiare.
I had the privilege of studying.
che diventa un capo chef.
a rat becoming a master chef.
sono ordinaria amministrazione,
are really mainstream today,
ci sono voluti quasi 20 anni
colleagues nearly 20 years
con questa tecnica.
full-length C.G. movie.
hanno prodotto 14 film.
they've produced 14 movies.
e vi posso garantire
and I'm here to tell you
sarà certamente un successo.
associano l'innovazione
about innovation, though,
having an 'Aha!' moment.
dal genio solitario,
serve per fare un film della Pixar:
what it takes to make a Pixar movie:
d'ispirazione può bastare.
produces one of those movies.
al lavoro per quattro o cinque anni,
250 people four to five years,
il procedimento,
ha composto questo grafico.
drew a version of this picture.
perché sembrava suggerire
was a neat series of steps
un'ordinata sequenza di passi
he thought it failed to really tell you
iterativo, interrelato
and, frankly, messy their process was.
disordinato sia il procedimento.
at Pixar, the story evolves.
si realizza, la storia evolve.
sono le sfide
the challenges are
su una particolare scena.
are working on a particular scene.
la sua stecca di cioccolato,
of chocolate to the bird,
su quei 10 secondi per quasi 6 mesi.
almost six months to perfect.
è considerata finita
is considered finished
un animatore disegnò un personaggio
an animator drew a character
che suggerivano un suo lato oscuro.
suggested a mischievous side.
quel bozzetto, gli piacque subito.
drawing, he thought it was great.
non si adatta al personaggio."
it doesn't fit the character."
il regista tornò e disse:
came back and said,
was allowed to share
permesso di condividere
la sua "fetta di genio",
as his slice of genius,
a riconcepire il personaggio
reconceive the character
che ha migliorato la storia.
that really improved the story.
dell'innovazione c'è un paradosso.
of innovation is a paradox.
e le passioni di molte persone
and passions of many people
in un lavoro realmente utile.
into a work that is actually useful.
collaborativa dei problemi,
problem solving,
who have different expertise
arrivano fatte e finite.
sono il risultato di prove ed errori.
usually, of trial and error.
passi falsi ed errori.
missteps and mistakes.
può essere molto esaltante,
very exhilarating,
really downright scary.
come fa Pixar a innovare,
that Pixar is able to do what it does,
cosa sta succedendo?
what's going on here?
and certainly Hollywood,
di primedonne che hanno fallito.
that have failed.
cooks, if you will, in the kitchen.
ai troppi chef in cucina.
con tutti i suoi chef,
with all of its cooks,
continuamente successo?
time and time again?
an Islamic Bank in Dubai,
o un'impresa sociale in Africa,
or a social enterprise in Africa,
con tre capacità in comune:
have three capabilities:
creativa e risoluzione creativa.
agility and creative resolution.
to create a marketplace of ideas
nell'essere in grado
attraverso dibattiti e conversazioni.
amplificano le differenze,
they amplify differences,
non è il brainstorming,
about brainstorming,
sospendono il loro giudizio.
argomenti accesi ma costruttivi,
heated but constructive arguments
nelle organizzazioni innovative,
ad ascoltare attentamente,
to actively listen, but guess what?
il loro punto di vista.
advocate for their point of view.
raramente avviene
innovation rarely happens
diversity and conflict.
to test and refine that portfolio of ideas
quel portafoglio di idee
riflessione e correzione.
reflection and adjustment.
del pianificare il futuro.
your way to the future.
you have that interesting combination
e procedimento artistico.
and the artistic process.
una serie di esperimenti,
experiments, and not a series of pilots.
servono a imparare.
che dovevamo conoscere.
that you need to know.
servono a dare conferme.
c'è qualcuno o qualcosa da biasimare.
someone or something is to blame.
è la risoluzione creativa,
is creative resolution.
anche opposte tra loro
even opposing ideas
that is new and useful.
innovative, non tirano mai a campare.
they never go along to get along.
o a un individuo di dominare,
or one individual dominate,
even if it's the expert.
paziente e più inclusivo
decision making process
a ogni alternativa di emergere,
solutions to arise
infrastructure group of Google.
of Google is the group
up and running 24/7.
il sito web funzionante 24/7.
GMail e YouTube,
to introduce Gmail and YouTube,
di data storage non era adeguato.
system wasn't adequate.
e delle infrastrutture, in quel momento,
and the infrastructure group at that time
come la sua squadra cervelli,
who he referred to as his brain trust,
come affrontare la situazione.
about this situation.
che affrontasse il problema,
to tackle this task,
di emergere spontaneamente
to emerge spontaneously
as Build It From Scratch.
di potenziare il sistema attuale;
build on the current system.
per un sistema completamente nuovo.
that it was time for a whole new system.
erano autorizzate a lavorare a tempo pieno
were allowed to work full-time
Bill descrisse il suo compito
Bill described his role as,
nel procedimento, guidando il dibattito.
the process by driving debate."
così da poter, cito testualmente,
to build prototypes so that they could
e scoprire autonomamente
and discover for themselves
particolare approccio."
of their particular approach."
il prototipo col gruppo,
their prototype with the group
a suonare in piena notte
to go off in the middle of the night
with the website,
sui limiti del loro particolare sistema.
limitations of their particular design.
di una soluzione divenne più urgente
became more urgent
evidence, began to come in,
che Compromesso
that the Big Table solution
in quel momento.
they did not lose the learning
to join a new team that was emerging
di nuova generazione.
richiese quasi due anni,
hanno lavorato tutti a rotta di collo.
all working at breakneck speed.
engineers had gone to Bill and said,
per questo sistema inefficiente
for this inefficient system
he began to understand
libera di esprimere le proprie passioni.
people to play out their passions.
costretto in un unico team,
to all be on one team,
sull'imporre le nostre ragioni,
who was right, and winning,
what was the best answer for Google."
di fare continuamente innovazione?
are able to innovate time and again?
le abilità necessarie a farlo.
the capabilities required for that.
problem solving collaborativo,
collaborative problem solving,
dalle loro scoperte,
discovery-driven learning
decisioni in modo integrato.
integrated decision making.
si stanno dicendo:
and saying to yourselves right now,
del genere, nella mia azienda".
those things in my organization.
do those things at Pixar,
do those things at Google?"
di Bill ci hanno detto
that worked for Bill told us,
leader della Silicon Valley.
of the finest leaders in Silicon Valley,
d'accordo, è un genio.
the man is a genius.
il suo ingrediente segreto.
hanno in mente
when we think about great leadership.
alla grande leadership.
che ho incontrato mi disse:
early on said to me,
(Laughter)
che dovrei creare una visione.
I'm supposed to create a vision.
di veramente nuovo, non ho risposte.
that's truly new, I have no answers.
direction we're going in
di capire come arrivarci."
how to figure out how to get there."
la leadership visionaria
when visionary leadership
capaci di innovazione continua,
that can innovate time and again,
devono essere ripensate.
of what leadership is about.
significa creare lo spazio
creating the space
e capaci di fare il duro lavoro
and able to do the hard work
innovativa di problemi.
may be wondering,
potrebbero chiedersi,
questa leadership?
really look like?"
ha bisogno di un villaggio.
that innovation takes a village.
sul costruire un senso di comunità
a sense of community
nel creare un mondo
is about creating a world
lo staff della Pixar?
want to belong in at Pixar?
living at the frontier.
their time thinking about,
la sensibilità di una piazza pubblica
the sensibility of a public square
per cui tutti, di ogni ruolo e livello,
no matter what their level or role,
about a particular film.
minority voices in this organization,
di questa organizzazione
in modo molto generoso.
in a very generous way."
di coda di un film Pixar?
at the credits of a Pixar movie,
nati durante la produzione.
a production are listed there.
what his role was?
una squadra di volontari."
a volunteer organization.
seguirmi ovunque vada.
to follow me anywhere.
with me the future.
le idee della base,
sono una 'colla umana',
I'm a human glue,
un aggregatore di punti di vista.
I'm an aggregator of viewpoints.
deliberatamente incerto, vago."
deliberately fuzzy and vague.
be wondering now,
sono l'architetto sociale.
I'm the social architect.
sono disponibili, e capaci,
people are willing and able
talenti e passioni personali.
their talents and passions."
perché non lavorano alla Pixar,
that you don't work at a Pixar,
organizations you'd think of
di un'azienda farmaceutica
in a pharmaceutical company
i collaboratori esterni,
to get the outside lawyers,
to collaborate and innovate.
di un'azienda automobilistica tedesca
at a German automaker
that it was the design engineers,
non la divisione marketing,
who were allowed to be innovative.
Nayar, della HCL Technologies,
at HCL Technologies,
sue, per diventare irrilevante.
words, to become irrelevant.
into a global dynamo of I.T. innovation.
di innovazione nel mondo IT.
come in molte altre aziende,
like at many companies,
a vedersi come timonieri
their role as setting direction
che nessuno deviasse.
no one deviated from it.
che era giunto il momento
it was time for them
what they were supposed to do.
is that everybody was looking up
quella innovazione dal basso
the kind of bottom-up innovation
di provare a fornire soluzioni.
stopped trying to provide solutions.
is they began to see
le giovani scintille,
pyramid, the young sparks,
closest to the customers,
la crescita dell'organizzazione
the organization's growth
invertire la piramide
about inverting the pyramid
the power of the many
e la velocità dell'innovazione
and the speed of innovation
leader che abbiamo studiato
other leaders that we studied
che non era quello il loro ruolo.
that that was not their role.
di voi non hanno riconosciuto Ed.
that many of you did not recognize Ed.
che il nostro ruolo di leader
that our role as leaders
che molti di noi oggi sono qui,
many of us are here,
il nostro compito.
prima liberati, poi raccolti
di genio collettivo.
of collective genius.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Linda Hill - Management professorLinda Hill studies collective genius -- the way great companies, and great leaders, empower creativity from many.
Why you should listen
Linda A. Hill is the Wallace Brett Donham Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School. In 2014, Professor Hill co-authored Collective Genius: The Art and Practice of Leading Innovation. It features thick descriptions of exceptional leaders of innovation in a wide range of industries—from information technology to law to design—and geographies—from the US and Europe to the Middle East and Asia. Business Insider named Collective Genius one of “The 20 Best Business Books” in summer 2014.
She is the faculty chair of the Leadership Initiative and has chaired numerous HBS Executive Education programs, including the Young She is the co-author, with Kent Lineback, of Being the Boss: The 3 Imperatives of Becoming a Great Leader and Breakthrough Leadership, a blended cohort-based program that helps organizations transform midlevel managers into more effective leaders. Breakthrough Leadership was the winner of the 2013 Brandon Hall Group Award for Best Advance in Unique Learning Technology. The book was included in the Wall Street Journal as one of the “Five Business Books to Read for Your Career in 2011." She is also the author of Becoming a Manager: How New Managers Master the Challenges of Leadership (2nd Edition). She heads up Harvard's Presidents' Organization Presidents' Seminar and the High Potentials Leadership Program, and was course head during the development of the new Leadership and Organizational Behavior MBA required course.
Linda Hill | Speaker | TED.com