ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damian Palin - Biological miner
Damian Palin is developing a way to use bacteria to biologically "mine" minerals from water -- specifically, out of the brine left over from the desalinization process.

Why you should listen

Research engineer Damian Palin has long been fascinated by the process of biomineralization–with particular attention on the mechanisms involved for mineral precipitation. At the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (in collaboration with Nanyang Technical University, Singapore), he conducts experiments to assess the ability of microorganisms to mine selected minerals out of seawater desalination brine. This study was based on compelling and burgeoning evidence from the field of geomicrobiology, which shows the ubiquitous role that microorganisms play in the cycling of minerals on the planet. 

He says: "It is my aim to continue to research in the field of biomineralization, while exploring the mechanisms responsible for mild energetic mineral (including metal) precipitation for the production of mineral composites."

Read our in-depth Q&A with Damian Palin >>

More profile about the speaker
Damian Palin | Speaker | TED.com
TED2012

Damian Palin: Mining minerals from seawater

Damian Palin: Extraindo minerais da água do mar

Filmed:
1,002,297 views

O mundo precisa de água limpa e, mais e mais, nós a estamos retirando dos oceanos, removendo seus sais e bebendo-a. Mas o que fazer com a salmoura, o resíduo que é deixado para trás nesse processo? Nesta pequena e intrigante palestra, o TED Fellow Damian Palin propõe uma idéia: Minerar a salmoura para extrair outros minerais que precisamos, com a ajuda de algumas colaborativas bactérias comedoras de metal.
- Biological miner
Damian Palin is developing a way to use bacteria to biologically "mine" minerals from water -- specifically, out of the brine left over from the desalinization process. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
I collaborate with bacteria.
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Eu colaboro com bactérias
00:18
And I'm about to show you
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E eu vou mostrar para vocês
00:19
some stop-motion footage that I made recently
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Uma filmagem de animação que eu fiz recentemente
00:21
where you'll see bacteria accumulating minerals
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onde vocês verão bactérias acumulando minerais
00:23
from their environment
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do seu ambiente
00:25
over the period of an hour.
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no período de uma hora
00:27
So what you're seeing here
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O que vocês estão vendo aqui
00:28
is the bacteria metabolizing,
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são bactérias metabolizando
00:30
and as they do so
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e enquanto elas fazem isso
00:31
they create an electrical charge.
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elas criam uma carga elétrica.
00:33
And this attracts metals
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E isso atrai metais
00:35
from their local environment.
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do seu ambiente local.
00:38
And these metals accumulate as minerals
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E esses metais se acumulam como minerais
00:40
on the surface of the bacteria.
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na superfície da bactéria.
00:42
One of the most pervasive problems
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Um dos problemas mais abrangentes
00:45
in the world today for people
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no mundo de hoje para as pessoas
00:46
is inadequate access
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é o acesso inadequado
00:48
to clean drinking water.
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à água potável.
00:49
And the desalination process
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E o processo de dessalinização
00:51
is one where we take out salts.
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é uma forma de remover sais (da água).
00:53
We can use it for drinking and agriculture.
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Nós podemos usá-la para beber ou para a agricultura.
00:55
Removing the salts from water --
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Remover os sais da água --
00:57
particularly seawater --
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particularmente água do mar --
00:59
through reverse osmosis
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por osmose reversa
01:00
is a critical technique
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é uma técnica crítica
01:02
for countries who do not have access to clean drinking water
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para países que não têm acesso a água potável
01:05
around the globe.
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em todo o mundo.
01:06
So seawater reverse osmosis
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Então, osmose reversa de água do mar
01:07
is a membrane-filtration technology.
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é uma tecnologia de filtração por membrana.
01:10
We take the water from the sea
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Nós pegamos a água do mar
01:12
and we apply pressure.
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e aplicamos pressão.
01:14
And this pressure forces the seawater
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E essa pressão força a água salgada
01:17
through a membrane.
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através de uma membrana.
01:18
This takes energy,
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Isso gasta energia,
01:19
producing clean water.
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produzindo água potável.
01:22
But we're also left with a concentrated salt solution, or brine.
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Mas também nos deixa uma solução salina concentrada, ou salmoura.
01:26
But the process is very expensive
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Mas o processo é muito caro
01:27
and it's cost-prohibitive for many countries around the globe.
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e seu custo é proibitivo para muitos países ao redor do mundo.
01:30
And also, the brine that's produced
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E também, a salmoura produzida
01:31
is oftentimes just pumped back out into the sea.
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muitas vezes é simplesmente bombeada de volta ao mar.
01:34
And this is detrimental to the local ecology
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E isso é prejudicial à ecologia local
01:37
of the sea area that it's pumped back out into.
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da área do mar para onde ela é bombeada.
01:39
So I work in Singapore at the moment,
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Eu trabalho em Cingapura no momento,
01:41
and this is a place that's really a leading place
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e esse é um lugar que realmente lidera
01:44
for desalination technology.
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na tecnologia de dessalinização.
01:46
And Singapore proposes by 2060
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E Cingapura propõe até 2060
01:49
to produce [900] million liters per day
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produzir [900] milhões de litros por dia
01:52
of desalinated water.
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de água dessalinizada.
01:54
But this will produce an equally massive amount
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Mas isso vai produzir uma quantidade igualmente enorme
01:57
of desalination brine.
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de salmoura.
01:59
And this is where my collaboration with bacteria comes into play.
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E é aí que minha colaboração com bacterias entra no jogo.
02:02
So what we're doing at the moment
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Então, o que estamos fazendo no momento
02:04
is we're accumulating metals
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é acumular metais
02:07
like calcium, potassium and magnesium
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como cálcio, potássio e magnésio
02:09
from out of desalination brine.
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extraídos da salmoura de dessalinizaçao.
02:11
And this, in terms of magnesium
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E isso, em termos de magnésio
02:13
and the amount of water that I just mentioned,
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e na quantidade de água que eu mencionei antes,
02:16
equates to a $4.5 billion
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equivale a 4,5 bilhões de dólares
02:19
mining industry for Singapore --
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em mineração para Cingapura --
02:21
a place that doesn't have any natural resources.
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um lugar que não tem qualquer recurso natural.
02:23
So I'd like you to image a mining industry
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Então eu quero que vocês imaginem uma indústria de mineração
02:26
in a way that one hasn't existed before;
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de uma forma que nunca tinha existido antes;
02:28
imagine a mining industry
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imaginem uma industria mineradora
02:30
that doesn't mean defiling the Earth;
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que não precisa contaminar a Terra;
02:33
imagine bacteria helping us do this
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imaginem bactérias nos ajudando a fazer isso
02:35
by accumulating and precipitating
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ao acumular e precipitar
02:38
and sedimenting minerals
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e sedimentar minerais
02:41
out of desalination brine.
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da salmoura de dessalinização.
02:42
And what you can see here
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E o que vocês podem ver aqui
02:44
is the beginning of an industry in a test tube,
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é o começo de uma indústria em um tubo de ensaio,
02:46
a mining industry that is in harmony with nature.
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uma mineradora que está em harmonia com a natureza.
02:50
Thank you.
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Obrigado.
02:51
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damian Palin - Biological miner
Damian Palin is developing a way to use bacteria to biologically "mine" minerals from water -- specifically, out of the brine left over from the desalinization process.

Why you should listen

Research engineer Damian Palin has long been fascinated by the process of biomineralization–with particular attention on the mechanisms involved for mineral precipitation. At the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (in collaboration with Nanyang Technical University, Singapore), he conducts experiments to assess the ability of microorganisms to mine selected minerals out of seawater desalination brine. This study was based on compelling and burgeoning evidence from the field of geomicrobiology, which shows the ubiquitous role that microorganisms play in the cycling of minerals on the planet. 

He says: "It is my aim to continue to research in the field of biomineralization, while exploring the mechanisms responsible for mild energetic mineral (including metal) precipitation for the production of mineral composites."

Read our in-depth Q&A with Damian Palin >>

More profile about the speaker
Damian Palin | Speaker | TED.com

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