TED2012
Damian Palin: Mining minerals from seawater
Demijan Pejlin (Damian Palin): Vađenje minerala iz morske vode
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Svetu je potrebna čista voda i sve više i više izvlačimo je iz okeana, desalinizujemo je i pijemo. Ali šta da radimo sa slanim rasolom koji ostaje? U ovom zanimljivom, kratkom govoru, TED Fellow Demijan Pejlin predlaže ideju: da iz rasola izvlačimo minerale koji su nam potrebni, uz pomoć bakterija koje klopaju metal i koje su spremne za saradnju.
Damian Palin - Biological miner
Damian Palin is developing a way to use bacteria to biologically "mine" minerals from water -- specifically, out of the brine left over from the desalinization process. Full bio
Damian Palin is developing a way to use bacteria to biologically "mine" minerals from water -- specifically, out of the brine left over from the desalinization process. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I collaborate with bacteria.
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Ja sarađujem sa bakterijama.
00:18
And I'm about to show you
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Sada ću vam pokazati
00:19
some stop-motion footage that I made recently
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jednu stop-motion animaciju koju sam nedavno napravio
00:21
where you'll see bacteria accumulating minerals
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gde ćete videti kako bakterije prikupljaju minerale
00:23
from their environment
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iz svoje okoline
00:25
over the period of an hour.
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kroz period od jednog časa.
00:27
So what you're seeing here
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Ono što vidite ovde su
00:28
is the bacteria metabolizing,
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bakterije kako vrše metabolizam
00:30
and as they do so
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i dok to rade
00:31
they create an electrical charge.
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stvaraju elektronski naboj.
00:33
And this attracts metals
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I ovo privlači metale
00:35
from their local environment.
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iz njihove okoline.
00:38
And these metals accumulate as minerals
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Ovi metali se akumuliraju kao minerali
00:40
on the surface of the bacteria.
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na površini ovih bakterija.
00:42
One of the most pervasive problems
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Jedan od najrasprostranjenijih problema
00:45
in the world today for people
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za ljude, danas u svetu
00:46
is inadequate access
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je neodgovarajući pristup
00:48
to clean drinking water.
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čistoj, pitkoj vodi.
00:49
And the desalination process
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I proces desalinizacije
00:51
is one where we take out salts.
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je onaj u kome vadimo soli.
00:53
We can use it for drinking and agriculture.
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Možemo ga koristiti za piće i za poljoprivredu.
00:55
Removing the salts from water --
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Vađenje soli iz vode --
00:57
particularly seawater --
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posebno morske vode --
00:59
through reverse osmosis
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kroz proces obrnute osmoze
01:00
is a critical technique
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je važna tehnika
01:02
for countries who do not have access to clean drinking water
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za zemlje koje nemaju pristup čistoj vodi za piće
01:05
around the globe.
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širom sveta.
01:06
So seawater reverse osmosis
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Znači, obrnuta osmoza morske vode
01:07
is a membrane-filtration technology.
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je tehnologija filtriranja kroz membrane.
01:10
We take the water from the sea
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Uzimamo vodu iz mora
01:12
and we apply pressure.
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i vršimo pritisak.
01:14
And this pressure forces the seawater
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I ovaj pritisak tera vodu
01:17
through a membrane.
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kroz membranu.
01:18
This takes energy,
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Ovome treba energija,
01:19
producing clean water.
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da bi se proizvela čista voda.
01:22
But we're also left with a concentrated salt solution, or brine.
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Ali nam takođe ostaju rastvori zasićeni solima ili rasol.
01:26
But the process is very expensive
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Ali proces je veoma skup
01:27
and it's cost-prohibitive for many countries around the globe.
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i zemlje širom planete ne mogu da ga priušte.
01:30
And also, the brine that's produced
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Takođe, taj rasol koji se proizvede
01:31
is oftentimes just pumped back out into the sea.
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se često samo pumpa cevima, nazad u more.
01:34
And this is detrimental to the local ecology
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I ovo je štetno za lokalnu ekologiju
01:37
of the sea area that it's pumped back out into.
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morske okoline u koju se pušta taj rasol.
01:39
So I work in Singapore at the moment,
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Ja radim u Singapuru trenutno,
01:41
and this is a place that's really a leading place
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i ovo je mesto koje je stvarno vodeće
01:44
for desalination technology.
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u polju desalinizacionih tehnologija.
01:46
And Singapore proposes by 2060
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Singapur predlaže da do 2060.
01:49
to produce [900] million liters per day
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proizvede 900 miliona litara na dan
01:52
of desalinated water.
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desalinizovane vode.
01:54
But this will produce an equally massive amount
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Ali ovaj proces će proizvesti jednako mnogo
01:57
of desalination brine.
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desalinizacionog rasola.
01:59
And this is where my collaboration with bacteria comes into play.
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I ovde stupa na scenu moja saradnja sa bakterijama.
02:02
So what we're doing at the moment
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Trenutno radimo
02:04
is we're accumulating metals
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na vađenju metala,
02:07
like calcium, potassium and magnesium
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kao što su kalcijum, kalijum i magnezijum
02:09
from out of desalination brine.
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iz desalinizacionog rasola.
02:11
And this, in terms of magnesium
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I ovo, u slučaju magnezijuma
02:13
and the amount of water that I just mentioned,
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i količine vode koju sam sad spomenuo,
02:16
equates to a $4.5 billion
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iznosi oko 4.5 milijardi dolara
02:19
mining industry for Singapore --
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industrije rudarstva za Singapur --
02:21
a place that doesn't have any natural resources.
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mesto koje nema prirodne resurse.
02:23
So I'd like you to image a mining industry
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Želim da zamislite industriju rudarstva
02:26
in a way that one hasn't existed before;
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na način koji nije postojao pre;
02:28
imagine a mining industry
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zamislite industriju rudarstva
02:30
that doesn't mean defiling the Earth;
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koje ne znači skrnavljenje Zemlje;
02:33
imagine bacteria helping us do this
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zamislite kako nam bakterija pomaže da ovo postignemo
02:35
by accumulating and precipitating
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tako što akumulira i ubrzava
02:38
and sedimenting minerals
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taloženje minerala
02:41
out of desalination brine.
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od desalinizacionog rasola.
02:42
And what you can see here
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I ono što ovde možete da primetite
02:44
is the beginning of an industry in a test tube,
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je početak industrije u jednoj epruveti,
02:46
a mining industry that is in harmony with nature.
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industrije rudarstva koja je u harmoniji sa prirodom.
02:50
Thank you.
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Hvala.
02:51
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damian Palin - Biological minerDamian Palin is developing a way to use bacteria to biologically "mine" minerals from water -- specifically, out of the brine left over from the desalinization process.
Why you should listen
Research engineer Damian Palin has long been fascinated by the process of biomineralization–with particular attention on the mechanisms involved for mineral precipitation. At the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (in collaboration with Nanyang Technical University, Singapore), he conducts experiments to assess the ability of microorganisms to mine selected minerals out of seawater desalination brine. This study was based on compelling and burgeoning evidence from the field of geomicrobiology, which shows the ubiquitous role that microorganisms play in the cycling of minerals on the planet.
He says: "It is my aim to continue to research in the field of biomineralization, while exploring the mechanisms responsible for mild energetic mineral (including metal) precipitation for the production of mineral composites."
Read our in-depth Q&A with Damian Palin >>
Damian Palin | Speaker | TED.com