ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damian Palin - Biological miner
Damian Palin is developing a way to use bacteria to biologically "mine" minerals from water -- specifically, out of the brine left over from the desalinization process.

Why you should listen

Research engineer Damian Palin has long been fascinated by the process of biomineralization–with particular attention on the mechanisms involved for mineral precipitation. At the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (in collaboration with Nanyang Technical University, Singapore), he conducts experiments to assess the ability of microorganisms to mine selected minerals out of seawater desalination brine. This study was based on compelling and burgeoning evidence from the field of geomicrobiology, which shows the ubiquitous role that microorganisms play in the cycling of minerals on the planet. 

He says: "It is my aim to continue to research in the field of biomineralization, while exploring the mechanisms responsible for mild energetic mineral (including metal) precipitation for the production of mineral composites."

Read our in-depth Q&A with Damian Palin >>

More profile about the speaker
Damian Palin | Speaker | TED.com
TED2012

Damian Palin: Mining minerals from seawater

Damian Palin : Extraire des minéraux de l’eau de mer

Filmed:
1,002,297 views

Le monde a besoin d’eau potable, et nous la tirons de plus en plus des océans, et nous la buvons après l’avoir dessalée. Mais quoi faire de la saumure qui reste? Au cours de cette conférence courte et fascinante, le TED Fellow Damien Palin propose l’idée d’en extraire d’autres minéraux dont nous avons besoin, avec l’aide de quelques bactéries collaboratives et grignoteuses de métaux.

- Biological miner
Damian Palin is developing a way to use bacteria to biologically "mine" minerals from water -- specifically, out of the brine left over from the desalinization process. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
I collaborate with bacteria.
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Je suis partenaire de bactéries
00:18
And I'm about to show you
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et je vais vous montrer
00:19
some stop-motion footage that I made recently
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des images en accéléré
que j’ai tournées récemment
00:21
where you'll see bacteria accumulating minerals
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où vous verrez des bactéries
qui accumulent des minéraux
00:23
from their environment
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à partir de leur environnement
00:25
over the period of an hour.
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pendant une heure.
00:27
So what you're seeing here
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Donc ce que vous voyez ici
00:28
is the bacteria metabolizing,
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ce sont les bactéries qui métabolisent,
00:30
and as they do so
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et en faisant ceci
00:31
they create an electrical charge.
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elles créent une charge électrique
00:33
And this attracts metals
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qui attire les métaux
00:35
from their local environment.
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de leur environnement immédiat.
00:38
And these metals accumulate as minerals
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Et ces métaux s’accumulent jusqu’à devenir minéraux
00:40
on the surface of the bacteria.
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à la surface des bactéries.
00:42
One of the most pervasive problems
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Présentement, l’un des problèmes
les plus envahissants
00:45
in the world today for people
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pour les gens
00:46
is inadequate access
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c’est l’accès insuffisant
00:48
to clean drinking water.
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à l’eau potable.
00:49
And the desalination process
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Et le processus de dessalement,
00:51
is one where we take out salts.
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par lequel on enlève
les sels de l’eau de mer,
00:53
We can use it for drinking and agriculture.
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nous permet de l’utiliser pour
notre consommation ou pour l’agriculture.
00:55
Removing the salts from water --
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Enlever les sels de l’eau —
00:57
particularly seawater --
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en particulier l’eau de mer —
00:59
through reverse osmosis
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par le biais de l’osmose inverse
01:00
is a critical technique
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est une technique essentielle
01:02
for countries who do not have access to clean drinking water
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pour les pays qui n’ont pas accès
01:05
around the globe.
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à l’eau potable.
01:06
So seawater reverse osmosis
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Donc, l’osmose inverse de l’eau de mer
01:07
is a membrane-filtration technology.
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est une technologie
de filtration par membrane.
01:10
We take the water from the sea
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On prend l’eau de la mer
01:12
and we apply pressure.
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et on y applique de la pression.
01:14
And this pressure forces the seawater
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Et cette pression force le passage l’eau de mer
01:17
through a membrane.
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à travers une membrane.
01:18
This takes energy,
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Ceci demande de l’énergie,
01:19
producing clean water.
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en produisant de l’eau potable.
01:22
But we're also left with a concentrated salt solution, or brine.
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Mais il nous reste aussi une solution concentrée en sel, ou saumure.
01:26
But the process is very expensive
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Mais le processus coûte très cher
01:27
and it's cost-prohibitive for many countries around the globe.
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et il est inabordable pour
beaucoup de pays dans le monde.
01:30
And also, the brine that's produced
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Et en plus, la saumure qui en résulte
01:31
is oftentimes just pumped back out into the sea.
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est souvent simplement repompée dans la mer.
01:34
And this is detrimental to the local ecology
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Au détriment de l’écologie
01:37
of the sea area that it's pumped back out into.
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de la zone maritime dans laquelle
elle est repompée.
01:39
So I work in Singapore at the moment,
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Je travaille à Singapour en ce moment,
01:41
and this is a place that's really a leading place
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et c’est un endroit vraiment novateur
01:44
for desalination technology.
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dans la technologie de dessalement.
01:46
And Singapore proposes by 2060
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D’ici à 2060, Singapour propose
01:49
to produce [900] million liters per day
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de produire 900 millions
de litres par jour
01:52
of desalinated water.
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d’eau dessalée.
01:54
But this will produce an equally massive amount
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Mais cela produira une quantité aussi énorme
01:57
of desalination brine.
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de saumure due au dessalement.
01:59
And this is where my collaboration with bacteria comes into play.
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Et c’est là que mon travail
avec les bactéries entre en jeu.
02:02
So what we're doing at the moment
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Ce que nous faisons en ce moment
02:04
is we're accumulating metals
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c’est accumuler des métaux
02:07
like calcium, potassium and magnesium
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comme du calcium, du potassium et du magnésium
02:09
from out of desalination brine.
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à partir de la saumure.
02:11
And this, in terms of magnesium
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Et ceci, en termes de magnésium
02:13
and the amount of water that I just mentioned,
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et de la quantité d’eau
que je viens de mentionner,
02:16
equates to a $4.5 billion
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équivaut à une industrie minière
02:19
mining industry for Singapore --
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de 4,5 millions de dollars
pour Singapour,
02:21
a place that doesn't have any natural resources.
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un endroit qui n’a pas de ressources naturelles.
02:23
So I'd like you to image a mining industry
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Donc, j’aimerais que vous imaginiez
une industrie minière
02:26
in a way that one hasn't existed before;
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différente de tout ce qui existe à présent;
02:28
imagine a mining industry
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imaginez une industrie minière
02:30
that doesn't mean defiling the Earth;
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qui ne salira pas la planète;
02:33
imagine bacteria helping us do this
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imaginez des bactéries qui nous aident
à cette réalisation
02:35
by accumulating and precipitating
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en accumulant, précipitant
02:38
and sedimenting minerals
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et en sédimentant des minéraux
02:41
out of desalination brine.
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à partir de la saumure du dessalement.
02:42
And what you can see here
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Et ce que vous voyez ici
02:44
is the beginning of an industry in a test tube,
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est le début d’une industrie
dans une éprouvette,
02:46
a mining industry that is in harmony with nature.
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une industrie minière
en harmonie avec la nature.
02:50
Thank you.
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Merci.
02:51
(Applause)
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(Applaudissements)
Translated by Veronica Martinez Starnes
Reviewed by Serge Brosseau

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damian Palin - Biological miner
Damian Palin is developing a way to use bacteria to biologically "mine" minerals from water -- specifically, out of the brine left over from the desalinization process.

Why you should listen

Research engineer Damian Palin has long been fascinated by the process of biomineralization–with particular attention on the mechanisms involved for mineral precipitation. At the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (in collaboration with Nanyang Technical University, Singapore), he conducts experiments to assess the ability of microorganisms to mine selected minerals out of seawater desalination brine. This study was based on compelling and burgeoning evidence from the field of geomicrobiology, which shows the ubiquitous role that microorganisms play in the cycling of minerals on the planet. 

He says: "It is my aim to continue to research in the field of biomineralization, while exploring the mechanisms responsible for mild energetic mineral (including metal) precipitation for the production of mineral composites."

Read our in-depth Q&A with Damian Palin >>

More profile about the speaker
Damian Palin | Speaker | TED.com

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