Robb Willer: How to have better political conversations
Robb Willer: Como ter conversas políticas melhores
Robb Willer's political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change. Full bio
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as most people do,
a opinião, que muitas pessoas têm,
is getting worse in our country,
ficando pior em nosso país,
between the left and the right
in really any of our lifetimes.
em qualquer tempo.
if research backs up your intuition.
batem com a sua intuição.
the answer is sadly yes.
have grown further apart.
têm se distanciado.
in these ideological silos,
se isolando ideologicamente,
talking only to like-minded others
apenas com pessoas de posições semelhantes
to live in different parts of the country.
em diferentes partes do país.
most alarming of all of it
animosity on both sides.
da animosidade dos dois lados.
don't like one another.
They don't want to date one another.
Eles não querem namorar uns com os outros.
they find each other less attractive,
acharão o outro menos atraente
their children to marry someone
que seus filhos se casem com alguém
the students that I work with,
os estudantes com quem trabalho,
some sort of social pattern --
esse tipo de padrão social.
então sempre me pergunto:
with this pattern?
que tenha esse padrão?
with political polarization?
inseridos na polarização política?
do estilo catástrofe.
we're in a zombie apocalypse movie.
num filme apocalíptico de zumbis.
and destroy society.
e destruir a sociedade.
in the zombie apocalypse movie,
num filme apocalíptico de zumbis
it's being propagated by the other people,
estão sendo espalhados pelos outros,
to what we hold dear,
fiéis ao que nos é caro,
in the army of the undead.
no exército dos mortos-vivos.
they think they're in?
que eles pensam que estão?
that they're the good guys
que são os mocinhos
that they think that they're Brad Pitt
que eles pensam ser o Brad Pitt
that we're all a part of this.
que todos fazemos parte disso.
is that we can be a part of the solution.
ser parte da solução.
at polarization in everyday life?
da polarização na nossa vida cotidiana?
and communicate with
para nos conectar e nos comunicar
that I and my colleague, Matt Feinberg,
meu amigo, Matt Feinberg, e eu
doing research on this topic.
that we discovered
for understanding polarization
para o entendimento da polarização
is undergirded by a deeper moral divide.
tem como base uma profunda divisão moral.
in the history of political psychology
na história da psicologia política
by Jon Haidt and Jesse Graham,
por Jon Haidt e Jesse Graham,
tend to endorse different values
tendem a apoiar valores diferentes,
tend to endorse values like equality
tendem a apoiar valores como a igualdade,
and protection from harm
values like loyalty, patriotism,
valores como fidelidade, patriotismo,
that maybe this moral divide
que talvez essa divisão moral
for understanding how it is
falam uns com os outros
talk to one another
seem to talk past one another
um diálogo de surdos
liberais para um pesquisa
to write a persuasive essay
um ensaio persuasivo
in support of same-sex marriage.
entre pessoas do mesmo sexo.
tended to make arguments
que os liberais tenderam a argumentar
of equality and fairness.
de igualdade e justiça.
to love whoever they choose,"
de amar quem quer que escolham",
as other Americans."
como qualquer outro americano".
that 69 percent of liberals
moral values in constructing their essay,
mais liberais para concluir seus ensaios,
one of the more conservative moral values,
morais mais conservadores,
to be trying to persuade conservatives.
tentando persuadir os conservadores.
and had them make persuasive arguments
para construírem argumentos persuasivos
the official language of the US,
a língua oficial dos EUA,
political position,
much better at this.
muito melhores nisso:
conservative moral values,
morais mais conservadores,
invoked a liberal moral value,
valores morais liberais,
to be targeting liberals for persuasion.
convencer os liberais.
why we're in trouble here. Right?
que temos problemas, certo?
they're their most deeply held beliefs.
são as suas crenças mais profundas.
to fight and die for their values.
e morrer por esses valores.
just to agree with you
apenas para concordar com você
want to agree with you on anyway?
não querem concordar de forma alguma?
you're making to your Republican uncle
que você faz para o seu tio republicano
just have to change his view,
ele tem de mudar sua posição,
his underlying values, too,
that we call moral reframing,
que chamamos de reforma moral,
in a series of experiments.
and conservatives to a study
e conservadores para um estudo
attitudes surveyed.
ambientalistas pesquisadas.
pro-environmental essay
a favor do ambientalismo,
of care and protection from harm.
e proteção contra danos.
"In many important ways
"Nós estamos, de muitas formas,
to the places we live in,"
aos lugares em que vivemos",
that we take steps now
from being done to our Earth."
seja feita na Terra".
a really different essay
um ensaio bem diferente
the conservative value of moral purity.
o valor conservador da pureza moral.
and skies pure is of vital importance."
e céus limpos é de vital importância".
to be disgusting."
como repulsiva".
can help us preserve
nos ajudar a preservar
about the places we live."
nos lugares onde vivemos".
to read just a nonpolitical essay.
apenas um ensaio não político.
so we could get a baseline.
para nos basearmos.
attitudes afterwards,
não importava qual ensaio eles leram.
it didn't matter what essay they read.
a favor do ambientalismo.
pro-environmental attitudes regardless.
for environmental protection.
of progressive environmental policies
as políticas ambientais progressivas
one of the other two essays.
um dos outros dois ensaios.
who read the moral purity essay
que leram o ensaio da pureza moral
that they believed in global warming
que acreditavam no aquecimento global
didn't even mention global warming.
nem mencionasse aquecimento global.
this moral reframing effect was.
é o efeito de redefinição moral.
of different political issues.
de diferentes questões políticas.
sensibilizar conservadores
sexo ou seguro nacional de saúde,
or national health insurance,
political issues to conservative values
aos valores conservadores,
to the right on conservative policy issues
para a direita nas políticas conservadoras
the official language of the US,
a língua oficial dos EUA,
policy issues to liberal moral values
aos valores morais liberais,
have the same clear message:
a mesma mensagem clara:
someone on some policy,
sobre alguma política,
to their underlying moral values.
à base de valores morais deles.
it's something we really struggle to do.
dificuldade em fazer.
to persuade somebody on a political issue,
convencer alguém de uma questão política,
falando dentro de um espelho.
as we rehearse our own reasons
ensaiamos nossas próprias razões,
some sort of political position.
em certas posições políticas.
these reframed moral arguments,
predispostos a reformar argumentos morais:
empathy and respect."
somebody in this country.
de convencer alguém nesse país.
there's a white cop and a black cop,
branco e um policial negro,
to come together and they cooperate,
de se unir e cooperar mutuamente,
that they had to cross. Right?
que eles tiveram de transpor, certo?
than ever before.
estão mais separadas que antes.
where we are in this country,
que estamos nesse país,
of a buddy cop movie --
parte de um filme policial...
to come back together.
is going to start with us.
começará por nós.
all the things that divide us.
because this hate and contempt
the very fabric of our society.
e ao nosso país,
to let them hate us either.
permitir que eles nos odeiem.
that we owe our fellow citizens.
que devemos aos nossos amigos cidadãos.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robb Willer - Social psychologistRobb Willer's political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change.
Why you should listen
Robb Willer is a professor of sociology, psychology and organizational behavior at Stanford University. He studies the role of morality in politics. His research shows how moral values, typically a source of ideological division, can also be used to bring people together. His political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change.
Willer has won numerous awards for his teaching and research, including the Golden Apple Teaching Award, the only award given by UC-Berkeley’s student body. Willer's class, "Self and Society," was the highest enrollment class at UC-Berkeley. His consulting clients have included the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Open Society Foundation, the Last Resort Exoneration Project and the Department of Justice.
Willer's writing has appeared in the New York Times and the Washington Post, including his op-eds "The Secret to Political Persuasion" and "Is the Environment a Moral Cause?"
Willer received a Ph.D from Cornell University and a BA from the University of Iowa. Before becoming a professor, he worked as a dishwasher, construction worker, mover, line cook and union organizer.
Robb Willer | Speaker | TED.com