ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robb Willer - Social psychologist
Robb Willer's political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change.

Why you should listen

Robb Willer is a professor of sociology, psychology and organizational behavior at Stanford University. He studies the role of morality in politics. His research shows how moral values, typically a source of ideological division, can also be used to bring people together. His political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change.

Willer has won numerous awards for his teaching and research, including the Golden Apple Teaching Award, the only award given by UC-Berkeley’s student body. Willer's class, "Self and Society," was the highest enrollment class at UC-Berkeley. His consulting clients have included the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Open Society Foundation, the Last Resort Exoneration Project and the Department of Justice.

Willer's writing has appeared in the New York Times and the Washington Post, including his op-eds "The Secret to Political Persuasion" and "Is the Environment a Moral Cause?"

Willer received a Ph.D from Cornell University and a BA from the University of Iowa. Before becoming a professor, he worked as a dishwasher, construction worker, mover, line cook and union organizer.

More profile about the speaker
Robb Willer | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxMarin

Robb Willer: How to have better political conversations

罗博威勒: 如何更好地谈论政治

Filmed:
2,681,111 views

罗博威勒研究了团聚和分裂我们的力量。 作为一个社会心理学家,他研究了道德标准-一种分裂的来源-如何用作团结人心的力量。威勒分享了在谈论政治时,我们应该如何弥合分裂并提出了通俗易懂的建议。
- Social psychologist
Robb Willer's political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
So you probably大概 have the sense,
as most people do,
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你可能会有和大部分人一样的想法,
00:15
that polarization极化
is getting得到 worse更差 in our country国家,
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意识到我们国家的两级分化越来越严重,
00:19
that the divide划分
between之间 the left and the right
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左派与右派之间的隔阂
00:23
is as bad as it's been
in really any of our lifetimes寿命.
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从来没有像现在这么糟过。
00:26
But you might威力 also reasonably合理 wonder奇迹
if research研究 backs up your intuition直觉.
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但你可能也想过
你的直觉是否被研究证实过。
00:32
And in a nutshell简而言之,
the answer回答 is sadly可悲的是 yes.
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一言以蔽之,答案可惜是肯定的.
00:38
In study研究 after study研究, we find
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在反复研究后,我们发现
00:40
that liberals自由主义者 and conservatives保守派
have grown长大的 further进一步 apart距离.
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自由派和保守派已渐行渐远。
00:45
They increasingly日益 wall themselves他们自己 off
in these ideological思想 silos筒仓,
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他们把自己关在意识形态的巨塔中,
00:50
consuming消费 different不同 news新闻,
talking only to like-minded志同道合 others其他
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看不同的新闻,只跟同类人讲话,
00:54
and more and more choosing选择
to live生活 in different不同 parts部分 of the country国家.
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而且越来越倾向住在不同的国家.
00:58
And I think that
most alarming惊人 of all of it
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我认为最令人担忧的
01:01
is seeing眼看 this rising升起
animosity敌意 on both sides双方.
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是两边兴起的敌意.
01:06
Liberals自由主义者 and conservatives保守派,
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自由派与保守派,
01:08
Democrats民主党 and Republicans共和党人,
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民主党与共和党,
01:10
more and more they just
don't like one another另一个.
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他们越来越不喜欢对方。
01:14
You see it in many许多 different不同 ways方法.
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你在很多方面都能观察到这件事。
01:16
They don't want to befriend帮扶 one another另一个.
They don't want to date日期 one another另一个.
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他们不想和对方做朋友。
他们不想和对方约会。
01:20
If they do, if they find out,
they find each other less attractive有吸引力,
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即使约了,如果发现彼此立场不同,
就觉得对方不像之前那么有吸引力,
01:23
and they more and more don't want
their children孩子 to marry结婚 someone有人
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同时也越来越不想让他们的孩子
01:26
who supports支持 the other party派对,
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和另一个党派的人结婚。
01:28
a particularly尤其 shocking触目惊心 statistic统计.
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这项统计特别令人震惊。
01:31
You know, in my lab实验室,
the students学生们 that I work with,
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你知道吗,在我的实验室,
我与共事的学生
01:34
we're talking about
some sort分类 of social社会 pattern模式 --
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常常会聊一些社会模式
01:37
I'm a movie电影 buff浅黄色, and so I'm often经常 like,
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我是个电影痴,我常常这样想,
01:41
what kind of movie电影 are we in here
with this pattern模式?
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在这种情况下,我们的哪部电影里有这样的模式?
01:45
So what kind of movie电影 are we in
with political政治 polarization极化?
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那么,哪部电影里有政治两级分化的情况?
01:49
Well, it could be a disaster灾害 movie电影.
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嗯, 可能是灾难电影。
01:52
It certainly当然 seems似乎 like a disaster灾害.
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它确实看起来绝对像一场灾难。
01:54
Could be a war战争 movie电影.
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可能是一场战争电影。
01:57
Also fits适合.
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也合情合理。
01:59
But what I keep thinking思维 is that
we're in a zombie僵尸 apocalypse启示 movie电影.
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但我认为可能是像《僵尸启示录》这部电影。
02:03
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:04
Right? You know the kind.
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对吧?你知道那种电影的。
02:07
There's people wandering飘零 around in packs,
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人们成群结对的四处漫游,
02:09
not thinking思维 for themselves他们自己,
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不为他们自已着想,
02:11
seized by this mob暴民 mentality心理
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服从的从众心理
02:13
trying to spread传播 their disease疾病
and destroy破坏 society社会.
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试着散播疾病,摧毁社会。
02:17
And you probably大概 think, as I do,
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你可能在想,像我一样,
02:19
that you're the good guy
in the zombie僵尸 apocalypse启示 movie电影,
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你是《僵尸启示录》中是个好人,
02:23
and all this hate讨厌 and polarization极化,
it's being存在 propagated传播 by the other people,
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而所有这样的仇恨和极化,
都可能会被其他人所传播着
02:27
because we're Brad布拉德 Pitt皮特, right?
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因为我们是布拉德·皮特,对吧?
(在僵尸启示录中饰演 “好人”)
02:29
Free-thinking自由思考, righteous正义,
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自由思辨,充满正义,
02:32
just trying to hold保持 on
to what we hold保持 dear,
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只坚持我们所相信的,
02:35
you know, not foot脚丫子 soldiers士兵
in the army军队 of the undead亡灵.
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你知道的,不像亡灵战士,
02:38
Not that.
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绝对不是。
02:40
Never that.
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永远不是。
02:42
But here's这里的 the thing:
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但你想想:
02:43
what movie电影 do you suppose假设
they think they're in?
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你觉得他们在哪部电影里呢?
02:47
Right?
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对吧?
02:48
Well, they absolutely绝对 think
that they're the good guys
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他们绝对相信他们在电影里
02:51
in the zombie僵尸 apocalypse启示 movie电影. Right?
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是正义的一方,对吧?
02:53
And you'd better believe
that they think that they're Brad布拉德 Pitt皮特
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他们觉得自己是布拉德·皮特。
02:56
and that we, we are the zombies僵尸.
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而我们,是那群僵尸。
03:01
And who's谁是 to say that they're wrong错误?
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而谁又能说他们是错的呢?
03:04
I think that the truth真相 is
that we're all a part部分 of this.
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我觉得事实是
我们都是其中的一部分。
03:08
And the good side of that
is that we can be a part部分 of the solution.
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而好的一方面就是我们
都能成为解决方案的一部分。
03:12
So what are we going to do?
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所以,我们要做什么呢?
03:15
What can we do to chip芯片 away
at polarization极化 in everyday每天 life?
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我们在日常生活中要怎麽做
才能逐渐弥合两极化?
03:19
What could we do to connect with
and communicate通信 with
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我们要怎麽做才能
03:23
our political政治 counterparts同行?
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与我们的政治立场不同的人
建立关系与对话?
03:25
Well, these were exactly究竟 the questions问题
that I and my colleague同事, Matt马特 Feinberg范伯格,
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这正是我与我的同事麦特.范柏格
03:29
became成为 fascinated入迷 with a few少数 years年份 ago,
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在几年前开始热衷的问题,
03:31
and we started开始
doing research研究 on this topic话题.
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然后我们开始做研究。
03:34
And one of the first things
that we discovered发现
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我们最初发现的几件事之一
03:37
that I think is really helpful有帮助
for understanding理解 polarization极化
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也是我觉得很重要的
03:41
is to understand理解
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就是我们必须了解
03:42
that the political政治 divide划分 in our country国家
is undergirdedundergirded by a deeper更深 moral道德 divide划分.
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我国的政治分歧来自于
根深蒂固的道德分歧。
03:47
So one of the most robust强大的 findings发现
in the history历史 of political政治 psychology心理学
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政治心理学史上
有一项确凿的发现,
03:51
is this pattern模式 identified确定
by Jon乔恩 Haidt海特 and Jesse杰西 Graham格雷厄姆,
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由乔恩.海特及杰西.格蓝发现的模型,
03:55
psychologists心理学家,
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这两位是心理学家,
03:56
that liberals自由主义者 and conservatives保守派
tend趋向 to endorse拥护 different不同 values
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他们发现自由派及保守派
倾向对不同的价值观
04:00
to different不同 degrees.
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有不同程度的支持。
04:02
So for example, we find that liberals自由主义者
tend趋向 to endorse拥护 values like equality平等
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举个例子,我们发现自由派
倾向于认同平等、公平、
04:08
and fairness公平 and care关心
and protection保护 from harm危害
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关怀和保护免受伤害等价值观,
04:11
more than conservatives保守派 do.
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其程度比保守派更大。
04:13
And conservatives保守派 tend趋向 to endorse拥护
values like loyalty忠诚, patriotism爱国主义,
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保守派则倾向于忠诚、爱国、
04:19
respect尊重 for authority权威 and moral道德 purity纯度
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尊重权威及道德纯洁等,
04:22
more than liberals自由主义者 do.
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比自由派比例更高。
04:25
And Matt马特 and I were thinking思维
that maybe this moral道德 divide划分
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麦特和我认为或许这是种道德分歧,
04:30
might威力 be helpful有帮助
for understanding理解 how it is
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这可能会更帮助了解
04:33
that liberals自由主义者 and conservatives保守派
talk to one another另一个
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自由派与保守派之间的对话模式
04:35
and why they so often经常
seem似乎 to talk past过去 one another另一个
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以及为什么他们在对话时
04:38
when they do.
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好像鸡同鸭讲。
04:39
So we conducted进行 a study研究
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所以我们做了一项研究,
04:41
where we recruited应征 liberals自由主义者 to a study研究
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我们招募自由派来做一项研究
04:44
where they were supposed应该
to write a persuasive说服力 essay文章
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他们应该要写一篇议论文
04:46
that would be compelling引人注目 to a conservative保守
in support支持 of same-sex同性 marriage婚姻.
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吸引保守人士支持同性婚姻。
04:51
And what we found发现 was that liberals自由主义者
tended往往 to make arguments参数
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我们发现自由派往往
04:55
in terms条款 of the liberal自由主义的 moral道德 values
of equality平等 and fairness公平.
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用自由派的道德价值观,
如平等及公平来论述。
04:59
So they said things like,
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所以他们会说出像这样的话:
05:01
"Everyone大家 should have the right
to love whoever they choose选择,"
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“每个人都应该有权利
爱他们选择的人。”
05:04
and, "They" -- they being存在 gay同性恋者 Americans美国人 --
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而且,“他们” (指同性恋)
05:07
"deserve值得 the same相同 equal等于 rights权利
as other Americans美国人."
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“应与其他美国人享有
同样的平等权利。”
05:10
Overall总体, we found发现
that 69 percent百分 of liberals自由主义者
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总体而言,我们发现 69% 的自由派
05:13
invoked调用 one of the more liberal自由主义的
moral道德 values in constructing建设 their essay文章,
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会引用偏向自由派的道德
价值观来写论文,
05:19
and only nine percent百分 invoked调用
one of the more conservative保守 moral道德 values,
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只有 9% 会引用
偏向保守派的道德价值观,
05:22
even though虽然 they were supposed应该
to be trying to persuade说服 conservatives保守派.
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即使他们应该要试着说服保守派。
05:26
And when we studied研究 conservatives保守派
and had them make persuasive说服力 arguments参数
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在我们研究保守人士时,
要他们写具有说服力的论据
05:30
in support支持 of making制造 English英语
the official官方 language语言 of the US,
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支持让英语成为美国官方语言时,
05:33
a classically经典 conservative保守
political政治 position位置,
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一个很经典的保守派政治立场,
05:36
we found发现 that they weren't
much better at this.
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他们的表现也不尽人意。
05:38
59 percent百分 of them made制作 arguments参数
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59% 的人论述时,
05:39
in terms条款 of one of the more
conservative保守 moral道德 values,
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引用偏向保守派的道德价值观,
05:42
and just eight percent百分
invoked调用 a liberal自由主义的 moral道德 value,
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只有 8% 引用了
自由派的道德价值观,
05:45
even though虽然 they were supposed应该
to be targeting针对 liberals自由主义者 for persuasion劝说.
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尽管他们说服的目标
应该是自由派人士。
05:49
Now, you can see right away
why we're in trouble麻烦 here. Right?
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现在,你就了解为什么
我们有这种两极化问题,对吧?
05:54
People's人们 moral道德 values,
they're their most deeply held保持 beliefs信仰.
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人们的道德价值观
是他们最坚信不移的信念。
05:57
People are willing愿意
to fight斗争 and die for their values.
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人们愿意为了价值观战斗、牺牲性命。
06:01
Why are they going to give that up
just to agree同意 with you
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为什么他们要放弃价值观
只为了获得你的认同
06:04
on something that they don't particularly尤其
want to agree同意 with you on anyway无论如何?
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更何况他们本来就不是特别同意某些事情?
06:08
If that persuasive说服力 appeal上诉 that
you're making制造 to your Republican共和党人 uncle叔叔
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如果你对资深共和党提出说服的呼吁
06:11
means手段 that he doesn't
just have to change更改 his view视图,
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意味着他不仅仅是需要改变他的想法,
06:13
he's got to change更改
his underlying底层 values, too,
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还要改变他最深层的价值观,
06:15
that's not going to go very far.
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那是不太可能的事情。
06:18
So what would work better?
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所以怎么做才有用?
06:20
Well, we believe it's a technique技术
that we call moral道德 reframing重新定义,
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嗯,我们相信有个方法,
我们称之为道德重塑框架
06:24
and we've我们已经 studied研究 it
in a series系列 of experiments实验.
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我们对此用一系列的实验来研究。
06:27
In one of these experiments实验,
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在其中一项实验中,
06:28
we recruited应征 liberals自由主义者
and conservatives保守派 to a study研究
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我们招募自由派及保守派
来做一个研究,
06:31
where they read one of three essays随笔
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他们先读三篇论文中的一篇,
06:34
before having their environmental环境的
attitudes态度 surveyed调查.
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读完之后对他们做环境态度调查。
06:37
And the first of these essays随笔
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其中的第一篇论文
06:39
was a relatively相对 conventional常规
pro-environmental亲环境 essay文章
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是比较常见的支持环保派文章,
06:42
that invoked调用 the liberal自由主义的 values
of care关心 and protection保护 from harm危害.
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运用自由派关怀
及保护不受伤害等价值观。
06:46
It said things like,
"In many许多 important重要 ways方法
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它会这样说:
“从很多重要方面来看,
06:49
we are causing造成 real真实 harm危害
to the places地方 we live生活 in,"
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我们都在对自己生活的地方
造成严重的危害。“
06:52
and, "It is essential必要
that we take steps脚步 now
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以及:“我们现在就必须采取行动,
06:54
to prevent避免 further进一步 destruction毁坏
from being存在 doneDONE to our Earth地球."
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以避免对地球造成进一步的毁坏。“
06:59
Another另一个 group of participants参与者
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另外一组参加者
07:00
were assigned分配 to read
a really different不同 essay文章
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则被指派阅读一份截然不同的论文,
07:02
that was designed设计 to tap龙头 into
the conservative保守 value of moral道德 purity纯度.
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专为保守派道德纯洁的价值而打造。
07:08
It was a pro-environmental亲环境 essay文章 as well,
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它也是一份支持环保的论文,
07:10
and it said things like,
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而且它是这样说的:
07:11
"Keeping保持 our forests森林, drinking water,
and skies天空 pure is of vital重要 importance重要性."
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“让我们的森林、饮水及天空
保持纯淨是非常重要的。”
07:17
"We should regard看待 the pollution污染
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“我们所居住的环境污染
07:18
of the places地方 we live生活 in
to be disgusting讨厌."
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是极其糟糕的。“
07:21
And, "Reducing减少 pollution污染
can help us preserve保留
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“减少环境污染可以帮助和保护
07:23
what is pure and beautiful美丽
about the places地方 we live生活."
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我们所居住的环境的纯净而美丽。”
07:27
And then we had a third第三 group
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然后我们指派第三组人
07:29
that were assigned分配
to read just a nonpolitical非政治 essay文章.
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读一份与政治无关的论文。
07:31
It was just a comparison对照 group
so we could get a baseline底线.
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这只是一个对照组,
让我们有基准线。
07:34
And what we found发现 when we surveyed调查 people
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发现当我们调查
07:36
about their environmental环境的
attitudes态度 afterwards之后,
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在他们读过后对环境的态度,
07:38
we found发现 that liberals自由主义者,
it didn't matter what essay文章 they read.
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我们发现对自由派,
给他们读什么论文不重要。
07:41
They tended往往 to have highly高度
pro-environmental亲环境 attitudes态度 regardless而不管.
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无论如何他们都倾向支持环境态度。
07:44
Liberals自由主义者 are on board
for environmental环境的 protection保护.
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自由派一直都在支持环保。
07:47
Conservatives保守党, however然而,
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然而,保守派人士
07:48
were significantly显著 more supportive支持
of progressive进步 environmental环境的 policies政策
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会更支持激进的环境政策
07:53
and environmental环境的 protection保护
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及环境保护,
07:54
if they had read the moral道德 purity纯度 essay文章
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如果之前让他们读的
是道德纯洁的论文,
07:56
than if they read
one of the other two essays随笔.
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效果会比另外两篇更好。
08:00
We even found发现 that conservatives保守派
who read the moral道德 purity纯度 essay文章
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我们甚至发现读过
道德纯洁短论的保守派,
08:03
were significantly显著 more likely容易 to say
that they believed相信 in global全球 warming变暖
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更有可能说他们相信全球变暖
08:06
and were concerned关心 about global全球 warming变暖,
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及担心全球暖化,
08:08
even though虽然 this essay文章
didn't even mention提到 global全球 warming变暖.
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即使论文中根本没有提到全球暖化。
08:11
That's just a related有关 environmental环境的 issue问题.
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那只是相关的环保问题。
08:13
But that's how robust强大的
this moral道德 reframing重新定义 effect影响 was.
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可见道德重新框架的效应。
08:17
And we've我们已经 studied研究 this on a whole整个 slew
of different不同 political政治 issues问题.
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我们已对一系列不同的政治议题做过同样的研究
08:21
So if you want to move移动 conservatives保守派
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所以如果你想促进保守人士
08:25
on issues问题 like same-sex同性 marriage婚姻
or national国民 health健康 insurance保险,
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更支持同性婚姻或全民健保等议题
08:28
it helps帮助 to tie领带 these liberal自由主义的
political政治 issues问题 to conservative保守 values
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把这些自由派政治议题与保守派价值观,
08:32
like patriotism爱国主义 and moral道德 purity纯度.
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如爱国或道德纯洁联系起来会更有帮助。
08:35
And we studied研究 it the other way, too.
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我们对另一边也做过同样的研究。
08:37
If you want to move移动 liberals自由主义者
to the right on conservative保守 policy政策 issues问题
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如果你想让自由派倾右
支持保守派政治议题,
08:41
like military军事 spending开支 and making制造 English英语
the official官方 language语言 of the US,
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如军费及让英语成为美国的官方语言,
08:46
you're going to be more persuasive说服力
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你将会更具说服力,
08:48
if you tie领带 those conservative保守
policy政策 issues问题 to liberal自由主义的 moral道德 values
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只要你把这些保守政治议题
与自由派道德价值观相联系
08:51
like equality平等 and fairness公平.
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如平等及公平连在一起。
08:54
All these studies学习
have the same相同 clear明确 message信息:
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这些研究都显示出同样的明确信息:
08:57
if you want to persuade说服
someone有人 on some policy政策,
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如果你想说服某人支持某项政策,
09:00
it's helpful有帮助 to connect that policy政策
to their underlying底层 moral道德 values.
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把该项政策与某人的基本道德价值
连在一起会有帮助。
09:05
And when you say it like that
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这样说好像
09:07
it seems似乎 really obvious明显. Right?
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非常简单明了是吗?
09:09
Like, why did we come here tonight今晚?
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那我们今天晚上还来这里做什么?
09:11
Why --
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为什么呢?
09:12
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
09:13
It's incredibly令人难以置信 intuitive直观的.
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这个概念很容易被直观理解。
09:17
And even though虽然 it is,
it's something we really struggle斗争 to do.
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即便如此,这真的很难做到。
09:20
You know, it turns out that when we go
to persuade说服 somebody on a political政治 issue问题,
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你知道,事实是当我们
想说服某人某项政治议题时,
09:24
we talk like we're speaking请讲 into a mirror镜子.
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就好像我们在对着镜子讲话。
09:27
We don't persuade说服 so much
as we rehearse排练 our own拥有 reasons原因
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即便排练我们的理由 我们还说服不了那么多人
09:31
for why we believe
some sort分类 of political政治 position位置.
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只说自己相信某项政治立场。
09:35
We kept不停 saying when we were designing设计
these reframed重新定义 moral道德 arguments参数,
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我们一直在说要设计道德重塑框架的论述,
09:39
"Empathy同情 and respect尊重,
empathy同情 and respect尊重."
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“同理心及尊重,
同理心及尊重。”
09:43
If you can tap龙头 into that,
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如果你能记住这点,
09:44
you can connect
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你就能连接价值观
09:46
and you might威力 be able能够 to persuade说服
somebody in this country国家.
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或许这样你就能说服这个国家一些人。
09:49
So thinking思维 again
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所以再想一下
09:52
about what movie电影 we're in,
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我们正在演出哪部电影,
09:55
maybe I got carried携带的 away before.
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可能我说的感同身受.
09:56
Maybe it's not a zombie僵尸 apocalypse启示 movie电影.
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可能不是《僵尸启示录》类的片子
09:59
Maybe instead代替 it's a buddy伙伴 cop警察 movie电影.
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可能比较像警察搭档片。
10:02
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
10:04
Just roll with it, just go with it please.
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再忍一下,再撑一下就好。
10:06
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
10:08
You know the kind:
there's a white白色 cop警察 and a black黑色 cop警察,
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你知道有种电影,通常有个
白人警察和黑人警察,
10:11
or maybe a messy cop警察 and an organized有组织的 cop警察.
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或者一个粗心大意的警察
和一个一丝不苟的警察。
10:13
Whatever随你 it is, they don't get along沿
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不管什么组合,他们都处不好,
10:15
because of this difference区别.
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因为两者之间的差异。
10:17
But in the end结束, when they have
to come together一起 and they cooperate合作,
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但到了最后他们必须一起合作时,
10:20
the solidarity团结 that they feel,
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让两者感到的团结力量更大,
10:22
it's greater更大 because of that gulf海湾
that they had to cross交叉. Right?
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变得更好的原因是必须跨越鸿沟,对吧?
10:27
And remember记得 that in these movies电影,
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要记得在这些电影里,
10:29
it's usually平时 worst最差 in the second第二 act法案
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通常转折前的情况会很糟,
10:32
when our leads引线 are further进一步 apart距离
than ever before.
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主角完全水火不容。
10:35
And so maybe that's
where we are in this country国家,
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或许这正是我们国家现在的写照。
10:37
late晚了 in the second第二 act法案
of a buddy伙伴 cop警察 movie电影 --
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稍后在警探搭档片的转折处
10:40
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
10:42
torn撕裂 apart距离 but about
to come back together一起.
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被撕裂成两半,
但就快要弥合在一起了。
10:47
It sounds声音 good,
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说的好听,
10:49
but if we want it to happen发生,
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但是如果我们真的想让它实现,
10:50
I think the responsibility责任
is going to start开始 with us.
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我想责任就从我们开始。
10:54
So this is my call to you:
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所以这是我对大家的呼吁:
10:57
let's put this country国家 back together一起.
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让我们使这个国家再团结起来。
11:01
Let's do it despite尽管 the politicians政治家
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不管政治人物
11:04
and the media媒体 and FacebookFacebook的 and Twitter推特
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媒体、脸书、推特
11:07
and Congressional国会 redistricting重划
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及选区重划
11:08
and all of it,
all the things that divide划分 us.
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包括所有那些分裂我们的东西。
11:12
Let's do it because it's right.
219
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我们开始做正确的事情。
11:15
And let's do it
because this hate讨厌 and contempt鄙视
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因为这仇恨和蔑视
11:20
that flows流动 through通过 all of us every一切 day
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每天在我们之间流窜着,
11:23
makes品牌 us ugly丑陋 and it corrupts腐败 us,
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让我们面目狰狞,腐蚀着我们,
11:26
and it threatens威胁
the very fabric of our society社会.
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威胁着我们的社会结构。
11:31
We owe it to one another另一个 and our country国家
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我们亏欠彼此与这个国家
11:34
to reach达到 out and try to connect.
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试着去沟通及连结。
11:38
We can't afford给予 to hate讨厌 them any longer,
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我们没有时间再仇视别人了,
11:42
and we can't afford给予
to let them hate讨厌 us either.
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也没有时间让别人仇视我们了
11:45
Empathy同情 and respect尊重.
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共情与尊重。
11:47
Empathy同情 and respect尊重.
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共情与尊重。
11:49
If you think about it, it's the very least最小
that we owe our fellow同伴 citizens公民.
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如果你仔细想想,
这是我们亏欠同胞的。
11:54
Thank you.
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谢谢。
11:55
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Jiawei Ni
Reviewed by Lisa Qin

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robb Willer - Social psychologist
Robb Willer's political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change.

Why you should listen

Robb Willer is a professor of sociology, psychology and organizational behavior at Stanford University. He studies the role of morality in politics. His research shows how moral values, typically a source of ideological division, can also be used to bring people together. His political research has investigated various topics, including economic inequality, racial prejudice, masculine overcompensation and Americans' views of climate change.

Willer has won numerous awards for his teaching and research, including the Golden Apple Teaching Award, the only award given by UC-Berkeley’s student body. Willer's class, "Self and Society," was the highest enrollment class at UC-Berkeley. His consulting clients have included the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Open Society Foundation, the Last Resort Exoneration Project and the Department of Justice.

Willer's writing has appeared in the New York Times and the Washington Post, including his op-eds "The Secret to Political Persuasion" and "Is the Environment a Moral Cause?"

Willer received a Ph.D from Cornell University and a BA from the University of Iowa. Before becoming a professor, he worked as a dishwasher, construction worker, mover, line cook and union organizer.

More profile about the speaker
Robb Willer | Speaker | TED.com