TED2006
Clifford Stoll: The call to learn
Clifford Stoll despre ... de toate
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Readability: 3.5
3,213,274 views
Clifford Stoll captiveaza audienta sa printr-o presarare energetica de anecdote, observatii, paranteze, inclusiv un experiment stiintific. In definitia lui, e un om de stiinta : "Odata ce am facut ceva, vreau sa ma apuc de altceva"
Clifford Stoll - Astronomer, educator, skeptic
Astronomer Clifford Stoll helped to capture a notorious KGB hacker back in the infancy of the Internet. His agile mind continues to lead him down new paths -- from education and techno-skepticism to the making of zero-volume bottles. Full bio
Astronomer Clifford Stoll helped to capture a notorious KGB hacker back in the infancy of the Internet. His agile mind continues to lead him down new paths -- from education and techno-skepticism to the making of zero-volume bottles. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm delighted to be here.
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Sunt incantat sa ma aflu aici
00:14
I'm honored by the invitation, and thanks.
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Ma simt onorat pentru invitatie, si va multumesc
00:17
I would love to talk about stuff that I'm interested in,
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Mi-ar placea sa vorbesc despre lucrurile in care sunt interesat
00:20
but unfortunately, I suspect that what I'm interested in
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dar din pacate cred ca lucrurile de care sunt eu interesat
00:22
won't interest many other people.
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nu o sa intereseze multa lume
00:25
First off, my badge says I'm an astronomer.
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Ca sa incep, ecusonul meu spune ca sunt astronom
00:27
I would love to talk about my astronomy,
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Mi-as dori mult sa vorbesc despre astronomie
00:29
but I suspect that the number of people who are interested in radiative transfer
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dar cred ca numarul de oameni interesati in transfer radiativ
00:32
in non-gray atmospheres
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in atmosfere non-gri
00:34
and polarization of light in Jupiter's upper atmosphere
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si polarizatia luminii in atmosfera superioara a lui Jupiter
00:36
are the number of people who'd fit in a bus shelter.
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ar echivala cu numarul de persoane ce incap sub acoperisul unei statii de autobuz.
00:38
So I'm not going to talk about that.
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Asa ca nu o sa vorbesc despre asta.
00:40
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
00:42
It would be just as much fun
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Ar fi la fel de interesant
00:44
to talk about some stuff that happened in 1986 and 1987,
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sa vorbesc despre ce s-a intamplat in 1986 si 1987
00:47
when a computer hacker is breaking into our systems
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cand un hacker a patruns in sistemele noastre
00:50
over at Lawrence Berkeley Labs.
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de la laboratorul Lawrence Berkeley
00:52
And I caught the guys,
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I-am prins pe tipi
00:54
and they turned out to be working for what was then the Soviet KGB,
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si s-a dovedit ca lucrau pentru KGB-ul sovietic
00:58
and stealing information and selling it.
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furau informatii cu scopul de a le vinde
01:00
And I'd love to talk about that -- and it'd be fun --
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Mi-ar placea sa vorbesc despre asta -- si ar fi la fel de interesant --
01:04
but, 20 years later ...
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dar, 20 de ani mai tarziu
01:07
I find computer security, frankly, to be kind of boring.
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Am ajuns sa vad securitatea calculatoarelor, ca fiind destul de plictisitoare
01:09
It's tedious.
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Este foarte migaloasa
01:11
I'm --
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Sunt --
01:12
The first time you do something, it's science.
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Prima data cand faci ceva, e stiinta.
01:16
The second time, it's engineering.
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A doua oara, e inginerie.
01:19
A third time, it's just being a technician.
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A treia oara inseamna ca esti tehnician.
01:22
I'm a scientist. Once I do something, I do something else.
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Eu sunt un om de stiinta. Odata ce am facut ceva, vreau sa fac altceva.
01:25
So, I'm not going to talk about that.
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Asa ca nu o sa vorbesc despre asta.
01:27
Nor am I going to talk about what I think are obvious statements from my first book,
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Nici nu o sa vorbesc despre remarcile, cred eu, evidente din prima mea carte
01:34
"Silicon Snake Oil," or my second book,
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"Ulei de sarpe siliconic", sau a doua mea carte,
01:38
nor am I going to talk about
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nici nu o sa vorbesc despre
01:40
why I believe computers don't belong in schools.
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de ce cred eu ca, calculatoarele nu au ce cauta in scoli
01:43
I feel that there's a massive and bizarre idea going around
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Cred ca e o idee masiva si bizara care circula
01:47
that we have to bring more computers into schools.
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ca trebuie sa aducem mai multe calculatoare in scoli
01:51
My idea is: no! No!
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Idea mea este : Nu! Nu!
01:53
Get them out of schools, and keep them out of schools.
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Scoateti-le din scoala, si tineti-le afara
01:57
And I'd love to talk about this,
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Mi-ar placea sa vorbesc despre asta,
01:59
but I think the argument is so obvious to anyone who's hung around a fourth grade classroom
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cred ca argumentul e atat de evident pentru orice persoana care a stat cel putin o vreme in preajama unei clase a 4-a
02:04
that it doesn't need much talking about --
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incat nu trebuie sa vorbim mai mult despre asta --
02:08
but I guess I may be very wrong about that,
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dar s-ar putea sa si gresesc mult in privinta asta,
02:10
and everything else that I've said.
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si in privinta tuturor spuselor mele
02:11
So don't go back and read my dissertation.
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Asa ca nu va intoarceti sa cititi dizertatia mea
02:13
It probably has lies in it as well.
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S-ar putea ca si ea sa contina minciuni
02:15
Having said that, I outlined my talk about five minutes ago.
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Avand acestea spuse, mi-am sumarizat prezentarea mea acum 5 minute
02:19
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
02:22
And if you look at it over here,
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Si daca va uitati aici,
02:24
the main thing I wrote on my thumb was the future.
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cuvantul principal pe care mi l-am scris pe deget este "viitor"
02:27
I'm supposed to talk about the future, yes?
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Ar trebui sa vorbesc despre viitor, nu ?
02:30
Oh, right. And my feeling is, asking me to talk about the future is bizarre,
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A, da. Parerea mea este ca, mi se pare bizar sa ma intrebati pe mine despre viitor,
02:37
because I've got gray hair,
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pentru ca am parul carunt,
02:39
and so, it's kind of silly for me to talk about the future.
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si de asta e cam ciudat sa vorbesc eu despre viitor.
02:45
In fact, I think that if you really want to know what the future's going to be,
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De fapt, cred ca daca vreti sa stiti cu adevarat cum va arata viitorul,
02:49
if you really want to know about the future,
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si daca vreti sa stiti despre viitor,
02:51
don't ask a technologist, a scientist, a physicist.
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nu intrebati un tehnolog,un om de stiinta sau un fizician.
02:55
No! Don't ask somebody who's writing code.
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NU! Nu intrebati pe cineva care scrie coduri.
03:02
No, if you want to know what society's going to be like in 20 years,
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Nu,daca vreti sa stiti cum va arata societatea peste 20 de ani,
03:07
ask a kindergarten teacher.
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intrebati un invatator de gradinita.
03:09
They know.
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Ei stiu.
03:12
In fact, don't ask just any kindergarten teacher,
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De fapt, nu intrebati orice invatator,
03:15
ask an experienced one.
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ci pe unul experimentat.
03:17
They're the ones who know what society is going to be like in another generation.
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Ei sunt cei care stiu cum va arata societatea noastra peste o generatie.
03:21
I don't. Nor, I suspect,
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Eu nu. Si, nici nu ma gandesc
03:23
do many other people who are talking about what the future will bring.
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daca alti oameni se intreaba cum arata viitorul si ce va aduce.
03:26
Certainly, all of us can imagine these cool new things
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Sigur ca ,toti ne imaginam lucruri misto , chestii noi
03:30
that are going to be there.
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care urmeaza sa apara in viitor.
03:31
But to me, things aren't the future.
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Dar pentru mine,lucrurile nu reprezinta viitorul.
03:35
What I ask myself is, what's society is going to be like,
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Ceea ce ma intreb totusi,cum va fi societatea?
03:38
when the kids today are phenomenally good at text messaging
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cand tinerii de azi sunt extraordinari de buni la trimis SMS-uri
03:44
and spend a huge amount of on-screen time,
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si petrec o gramada de timp in fata calculatorului,
03:47
but have never gone bowling together?
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dar nu ies niciodata la o partida de bowling impreuna.
03:53
Change is happening, and the change that is happening
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Se petrec schimbari,si schimbarile care se petrec
03:56
is not one that is in software.
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nu sunt de domeniul software-ului.
03:59
But that's not what I'm going to talk about.
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Dar nu despre asta voi vorbi acum.
04:00
I'd love to talk about it, it'd be fun,
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Mi-ar placea sa vorbesc despre asta, ar fi amuzant,
04:03
but I want to talk about what I'm doing now. What am I doing now?
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dar vreau sa vorbesc despre ce fac acum.Ce fac acum?
04:06
Oh -- the other thing that I think I'd like to talk about
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A-- celalalt lucru despre care mi-ar face placere sa vorbesc
04:08
is right over here. Right over here.
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este aici. Chiar aici.
04:12
Is that visible? What I'd like to talk about is one-sided things.
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Se vede? As vrea sa vorbesc despre lucrurile care au o singura latura
04:18
I would dearly love to talk about
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Mi-ar face mare placere sa vorbesc despre
04:20
things that have one side.
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lucruri care au o singura latura
04:23
Because I love Mobius loops. I not only love Mobius loops,
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Pentru ca iubesc buclele Mobius,nu numai ca le iubesc,
04:27
but I'm one of the very few people,
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dar sunt unul dintre putinii oameni,
04:30
if not the only person in the world, that makes Klein bottles.
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daca nu singura persoana din lume care face sticlele Klein.
04:33
Right away, I hope that all of your eyes glaze over.
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Chiar acum,Sper ca va uitati cu atentie cu totii.
04:36
This is a Klein bottle.
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Aceasta este o sticle Klein.
04:39
For those of you in the audience who know,
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Pentru cei din public care stiu ,
04:42
you roll your eyes and say, yup, I know all about it.
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va dati ochi peste cap si spuneti , da, stiam despre asta.
04:44
It's one sided. It's a bottle whose inside is its outside.
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Are o singura "latura".E o sticla al carui interior e in exterior.
04:46
It has zero volume. And it's non-orientable.
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Nu are volum. Si e non-orientabila.
04:49
It has wonderful properties.
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Are proprietati minunate.
04:51
If you take two Mobius loops and sew their common edge together,
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Daca iei doua bucle Mobius si le unesti in partea lor comuna,
04:53
you get one of these, and I make them out of glass.
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ai sa obtii asa ceva, si eu le fac din sticla.
04:56
And I'd love to talk to you about this,
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Si mi-ar placea sa vorbesc despre asta,
04:58
but I don't have much in the way of ... things to say because --
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doar ca nu mai am ce .. sa spun despre..
05:04
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
05:06
(Chris Anderson: I've got a cold.)
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(Chris Anderson: Sunt racit.)
05:07
However, the "D" in TED of course stands for design.
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Oricum , "D-ul" din "TED" vine de la design.
05:14
Just two weeks ago I made --
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Acu doua saptamani, am facut-
05:16
you know, I've been making small, medium and big Klein bottles for the trade.
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stiti, am facut sticle Klein mici ,medii, mari, pentru vanzare.
05:22
But what I've just made --
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Dar ce tocmai am terminat de facut--
05:26
and I'm delighted to show you, first time in public here.
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si sunt incantat sa va arat voua,pentru prima data in public.
05:35
This is a Klein bottle wine bottle,
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Aceasta este o sticla de vin Klein,
05:40
which, although in four dimensions
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care, desi intr-un univers cu patru dimensiuni
05:43
it shouldn't be able to hold any fluid at all,
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nu ar fi capabila sa retina nici un lichid deloc,
05:46
it's perfectly capable of doing so
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reuseste totusi acest lucru
05:48
because our universe has only three spatial dimensions.
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pentru ca universul nostru are doar trei dimensiuni spatiale.
05:50
And because our universe is only three spatial dimensions,
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Si pentru ca universul nostru are doar 3 dimensiuni spatiale,
05:53
it can hold fluids.
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poate retine lichide.
05:56
So it's highly -- that one's the cool one.
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Deci e-- asta e ala misto.
06:01
That was a month of my life.
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A fost o luna din viata mea.
06:06
But although I would love to talk about topology with you, I'm not going to.
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Desi mi-ar placea sa vorbesc despre topologie cu voi, nu am s-o fac.
06:11
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
06:17
Instead, I'm going to mention my mom,
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In schimb, am sa vorbesc despre mama mea,
06:22
who passed away last summer.
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care a murit vara trecuta.
06:25
Had collected photographs of me, as mothers will do.
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A colectionat poze cu mine,cum fac mamele.
06:28
Could somebody put this guy up?
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Ar putea cineva sa-l filmeze pe tipu asta?
06:30
And I looked over her album
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Si m-am uitat peste albumul ei
06:34
and she had collected a picture of me, standing --
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si avea o poza cu mine, stand-
06:37
well, sitting -- in 1969, in front of a bunch of dials.
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in fine ,stant, in 1969, in fata unor cadrane.
06:42
And I looked at it, and said, oh my god,
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Si m-am uitat la poza , si am zis , Dumnezeule,
06:45
that was me, when I was working at the electronic music studio!
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asta sunt eu pe cand lucram la un studio de muzica electronica!
06:47
As a technician, repairing and maintaining
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Ca tehnician, reparam si intretineam
06:51
the electronic music studio at SUNY Buffalo. And wow!
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studioul de muzica electronica din SUNY Buffalo.Si wow!
06:55
Way back machine. And I said to myself, oh yeah!
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Masinarie veche.Si mi-am zis ,daa!
07:01
And it sent me back.
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Si mi-am adus aminte.
07:05
Soon after that, I found in another picture that she had, a picture of me.
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Imediat dupa asta , am gasit o poza pe care o avea ea, o poza cu mine.
07:13
This guy over here of course is me.
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Asta de aici sunt eu,desigur.
07:17
This man is Robert Moog,
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Omul asta e Robert Moog,
07:19
the inventor of the Moog synthesizer,
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inventatorul sintetizatorului Moog,
07:21
who passed away this past August.
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care a murit in august anul trecut.
07:26
Robert Moog was a generous, kind person, extraordinarily competent engineer.
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Robert Moog era o persoana generoasa si buna, si un inginer extraordinar de competent.
07:31
A musician who took time from his life to teach me,
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Un muzician care si-a facut timp sa ma invete pe mine,
07:37
a sophomore, a freshman at SUNY Buffalo.
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un "boboc" in anul unu-doi de studentie la SUNY Buffalo.
07:40
He'd come up from Trumansburg to teach me
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A venit de la Trumansburg sa ma invete
07:45
not just about the Moog synthesizer, but we'd be sitting there --
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nu numai despre sintetizatorul Moog,dar stateam asa--
07:49
I'm studying physics at the time. This is 1969, 70, 71.
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Studiam fizica atunci.E anul 1969, 70, 71.
07:52
We're studying physics, I'm studying physics,
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Studiam fizica, Eu studiam fizica,
07:54
and he's saying, "That's a good thing to do.
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si el zice, " E bun ce faci tu.
07:56
Don't get caught up in electronic music if you're doing physics."
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Dar sa nu te incurci in muzica electronica daca studiezi fizica"
07:58
Mentoring me. He'd come up and
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Imi dadea sfaturi.Venea
08:01
spend hours and hours with me.
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si petrecea mult timp cu mine.
08:05
He wrote a letter of recommendation for me to get into graduate school.
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A scris o scrisoare de recomandare pentru mine ca sa intru la sectia postuniversitara pentru doctoranzi.
08:08
In the background, my bicycle.
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In fundal, bicicleta mea.
08:10
I realize that this picture was taken at a friend's living room.
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Acum imi dau seama poza asta a fost facuta in sufrageria unui prieten.
08:13
Bob Moog came by and hauled a whole pile of equipment
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Bob Moog a venit cu o gramada de echipament dupa el
08:16
to show Greg Flint and I things about this.
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ca sa ne arate mie si lui Greg Flint niste chestii.
08:18
We sat around talking about Fourier transforms,
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Stateam si vorbeam despre transformari in serie Fourier.
08:20
Bessel functions, modulation transfer functions,
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Functii Bessel, functii de transfer de modulare,
08:23
stuff like this.
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chestii de astea.
08:28
Bob's passing this past summer has been a loss to all of us.
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Moartea lui Bob de vara asta a fost o pierdere pentru noi toti.
08:31
Anyone who's a musician has been profoundly influenced by Robert Moog.
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Orice e muzician , a fost profund influentat de Robert Moog.
08:36
(Applause)
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(Aplauze)
08:38
And I'll just say what I'm about to do. What I'm about to do --
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Si am sa spun ce am de gand sa fac acum, o sa --
08:43
I hope you can recognize that there's a distorted sine wave,
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Sper ca vedeti aceasta unda sinusoidala distorsionata,
08:47
almost a triangular wave upon this Hewlett-Packard oscilloscope.
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aproape triunghiulara de pe acest osciloscop Hewlett-Packard.
08:53
Oh, cool. I can get to this place over here, right?
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Oh misto. M-a duc aici , da?
08:58
Kids. Kids is what I'm going to talk about -- is that okay?
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Copii.Despre copii am sa vorbesc-- se poate?
09:00
It says kids over here, that's what I'd like to talk about.
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Scrie copii aici, despre asta as vrea sa vorbesc.
09:04
I've decided that, for me at least,
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M-am decis ca , pentru mine cel putin ,
09:08
I don't have a big enough head.
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Nu am un cap destul de mare.
09:13
So I think locally and I act locally.
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Asa ca gandesc local si actionez local.
09:16
I feel that the best way I can help out anything is to help out very, very locally.
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Cred ca modalitea cea mai buna de a ajuta, e sa ajut foarte ,foarte "local".
09:20
So Ph.D. this, and degree there, and the yadda yadda.
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O diploma de Doctor in filozofie aici , alta diploma dincolo, si bla bla.
09:25
I was talking about this stuff to
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Vorbeam despre chestii de astea
09:29
some schoolteachers about a year ago.
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cu niste profesori de scoala primara acum cam un an .
09:31
And one of them, several of them would come up to me and say,
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Si unul dintre ei ma intrebat, de fapt mai multi au venit la mine si m-au intrebat,
09:33
"Well, how come you ain't teaching?"
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"Cum de nu predai?"
09:35
And I said, "Well, I've taught graduate --
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Si eu am spus, "Pai am predat absolventilor--
09:36
I've had graduate students, I've taught undergraduate classes."
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Am avut studenti care au absolvit, am predat studentilor care inca nu au absolvit."
09:39
No, they said, "If you're so into kids and all this stuff,
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Nu,au spus ei, "Daca tot iti plac asa mult copiii si chestii de astea,
09:41
how come you ain't over here on the front lines?
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cum de nu esti aici in linia intai
09:44
Put your money where you mouth is."
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Hai sa pariem"
09:48
Is true. Is true. I teach eighth-grade science four days a week.
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E adevarat.E adevarat. Predau stiintele naturii celor de clasa a opta, patru zile pe saptamana.
09:54
Not just showing up every now and then.
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Nu predau asa cand si cand.
09:56
No, no, no, no, no. I take attendance.
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Nu ,nu,nu,nu,nu. Predau regulat.
10:00
I take lunch hour. (Applause)
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Am pauza de pranz .(Aplauze)
10:03
This is not -- no, no, no, this is not claps.
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Astea nu -- nu, nu ,nu , astea nu sunt aplauze.
10:06
I strongly suggest that this is a good thing for each of you to do.
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Va recomand sa mai faceti asta , e un lucru bun pentru voi.
10:10
Not just show up to class every now and then.
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Nu doar sa apareti la ore asa cand si cand.
10:12
Teach a solid week. Okay, I'm teaching three-quarters time, but good enough.
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Predati o saptamana intreaga.Bine, eu predau cam ¾ din saptamana, da tot e bine.
10:16
One of the things that I've done for my science students
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Unul din lucrurile pe care l-am facut pentru studentii mei
10:18
is to tell them, "Look, I'm going to teach you college-level physics.
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a fost acela de a le spune "Nu am sa va predau fizica de nivel universitar.
10:21
No calculus, I'll cut out that.
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Nu calcule, O sa lasam asta la o parte.
10:23
You won't need to know trig.
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Nu o sa trebuiasca sa stiti trigonometrie.
10:25
But you will need to know eighth-grade algebra,
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Dar o sa trebuiasca sa stiti algebra de nivelul clasei a opta,
10:28
and we're going to do serious experiments.
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si o sa facem niste experimente serioase.
10:30
None of this open-to-chapter-seven-and-do-all-the-odd-problem-sets.
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Nu... "deschideti cartea la capitolul sapte si rezolvati toate problemele alea ciudate"
10:33
We're going to be doing genuine physics."
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O sa facem fizica in adevaratul sens al cuvantului."
10:36
And that's one of the things I thought I'd do right now.
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Si asta ma gandeam sa facem chiar acum
10:38
(High-pitched tone)
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(Ton de frecventa inalta)
10:41
Oh, before I even turn that on,
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Oh, inainte sa pornesc asta,
10:43
one of the things that we did about three weeks ago in my class --
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unul din lucrurile pe care l-am facut in clasa acum trei saptamani--
10:47
this is through the lens, and one of the things we used a lens for
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asta e prin lentile,si unul din experimentele in care folosim lentilele
10:49
was to measure the speed of light.
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este sa masuram viteza luminii.
10:51
My students in El Cerrito -- with my help, of course,
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Elevii mei din El Cerrito-- cu ajutorul meu, desigur,
10:54
and with the help of a very beat up oscilloscope --
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si cu ajutorul unui osciloscop destul de vechi,
10:57
measured the speed of light.
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am masurat viteza luminii.
10:58
We were off by 25 percent. How many eighth graders do you know of
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Am gresit masuratoarea cu 25%.Cati elevi de clasa a opta cunoasteti
11:03
who have measured the speed of light?
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care sa fi masurat viteza luminii?
11:05
In addition to that, we've measured the speed of sound.
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Pe langa asta, am mai masurat viteza sunetului.
11:08
I'd love to measure the speed of light here.
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Mi-ar placea sa masor viteza sunetului aici.
11:10
I was all set to do it and I was thinking, "Aw man,"
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Eram pregatit s-o fac si ma gandeam, "Aw frate"
11:12
I was just going to impose upon the powers that be,
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O sa imi aranjez cele necesare
11:15
and measure the speed of light.
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si o sa masor viteza luminii.
11:16
And I'm all set to do it. I'm all set to do it,
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Sunt pregatit sa o fac. Sunt pregatit sa o fac,
11:20
but then it turns out that to set up here, you have like 10 minutes to set up!
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dar apoi aflu ca , ca sa pot face asta am nevoie de 10 minute ca sa pregatesc echipamentul!
11:24
And there's no time to do it.
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Si nu am timp sa fac asta.
11:26
So, next time, maybe, I'll measure the speed of light!
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Asa ca , poate data viitoare, o sa masor viteza luminii!
11:28
But meanwhile, let's measure the speed of sound!
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Dar intre timp , sa masuram viteza sunetului!
11:30
Well, the obvious way to measure the speed of sound
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Metoda logica de a masura viteza sunetului
11:32
is to bounce sound off something and look at the echo.
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este sa ricoseze sunetul din ceva si sa te uiti la ecou.
11:35
But, probably -- one of my students, Ariel [unclear], said,
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Dar, probabil-- unul din elevii mei, Ariel,a spus,
11:40
"Could we measure the speed of light using the wave equation?"
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"Putem masura viteza luminii folosind ecuatia undelor?"
11:43
And all of you know the wave equation is
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Si dupa cum stiti cu totii ecuatia undelor este:
11:45
the frequency times the wavelength of any wave ...
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frecventa inmultita cu lungimea undei a oricarei unde...
11:51
is a constant. When the frequency goes up,
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este o constanta.Cand frecventa creste,
11:54
the wavelength comes down. Wavelength goes up,
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lungimea de unda coboara. Lungimea de unda creste,
11:57
frequency goes down. So, if we have a wave here --
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frecventa coboara. Deci daca avem aici o unda--
12:02
over here, that's what's interesting --
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aici, asta e intresant--
12:06
as the pitch goes up, things get closer,
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Cand frecventa urca,lucrurile se apropie,
12:09
pitch goes down, things stretch out.
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frecventa coboara,lucrurile se departeaza.
12:13
Right? This is simple physics.
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Da? E simpla fizica.
12:15
All of you know this from eighth grade, remember?
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Stiti asta din clasa a opta , va aduceti aminte?
12:18
What they didn't tell you in physics -- in eighth-grade physics --
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Ce nu v-au spus la fizica- in clasa a opta--
12:22
but they should have, and I wish they had,
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dar ar fi trebuit --si sper sa va fi spus --
12:25
was that if you multiply the frequency times the wavelength of sound
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e ca daca inmultesti frecventa cu lungimea undei sunetului
12:29
or light, you get a constant.
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sau a luminii, rezulta o constanta.
12:33
And that constant is the speed of sound.
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Si acea constanta e viteza sunetului.
12:36
So, in order to measure the speed of sound,
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Asa ca, pentru a masura viteza sunetului,
12:39
all I've got to do is know its frequency. Well, that's easy.
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tot ce trebuie sa fac e sa ii stiu frecventa.Bine , asta e usor.
12:43
I've got a frequency counter right here.
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Am un aparat de masurat frecventa chiar aici.
12:45
Set it up to around A, above A, above A. There's an A, more or less.
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Setati-l cam la A peste A peste A. Este un A, mai mult sau mai putin.
12:50
Now, so I know the frequency.
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Asa ,deci stiu frecventa.
12:55
It's 1.76 kilohertz. I measure its wavelength.
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Este 1.76 kilohertz. Ii masor lungimea de unda.
13:00
All I need now is to flip on another beam,
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Tot ce mai am de facut este sa schimb pe alta raza,
13:03
and the bottom beam is me talking, right?
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raza de jos sunt eu vorbind, da?
13:06
So anytime I talk, you'd see it on the screen.
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Deci de fiecare data cand vorbesc, o sa vedeti asta pe ecran.
13:11
I'll put it over here, and as I move this away from the source,
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O sa il trag aici, si cand mut asta departe de sursa,
13:15
you'll notice the spiral.
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o sa vedeti spirala.
13:20
The slinky moves. We're going through different nodes of the wave,
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Miscarile serpuitoare.O sa trecem prin noduri diferite ale undei,
13:25
coming out this way.
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venind incoace.
13:27
Those of you who are physicists, I hear you rolling your eyes,
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Pe cei dintre voi care sunteti fizicieni, parca va vad cum va dati ochii peste cap,
13:29
but bear with me. (Laughter)
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dar fiti atenti.(Rasete)
13:31
To measure the wavelength,
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Ca sa masor lungimea de unda,
13:34
all I need to do is measure the distance from here --
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tot ce trebuie sa fac e sa masor distanta de aici,
13:40
one full wave -- over to here.
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o unda intreaga, pana aici.
13:42
From here to here is the wavelength of sound.
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De aici pana aici e lungimea de unda a sunetului.
13:45
So, I'll put a measuring tape here, measuring tape here, move it back over to here.
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Deci, am sa pun ruleta aici,ruleta aici, si trag pana aici.
13:53
I've moved the microphone 20 centimeters.
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Am mutat microfonul 20 de centimetri.
13:57
0.2 meters from here, back to here, 20 centimeters.
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0.2 metri de aici , pana aici, 20 de centimetri.
14:04
OK, let's go back to Mr. Elmo.
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Ok, sa ne intoarcem la domnul Elmo.
14:10
And we'll say the frequency is 1.76 kilohertz, or 1760.
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Sa zicem ca frecventa e de 1.76 kiloherti, sau 1760.
14:17
The wavelength was 0.2 meters.
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Lungimea de unda are 0.2 metri.
14:21
Let's figure out what this is.
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Sa vedem cat inseamna asta.
14:25
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Rasete)(Aplauze)
14:33
1.76 times 0.2 over here is 352 meters per second.
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1.76 inmultit cu 0.2 face 352 de metri pe secunda.
14:40
If you look it up in the book, it's really 343.
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Si daca caut in carte , e de fapt 343.
14:46
But, here with kludgy material, and lousy drink --
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Dar aici cu instrumente de vechi si proasta calitate , si cu o bautura jalnica--
14:48
we've been able to measure the speed of sound to --
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am reusit sa masuram viteza sunetului--
14:53
not bad. Pretty good.
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Nu e rau. Destul de bine.
14:55
All of which comes to what I wanted to say.
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Am ajuns la ce vroiam sa zic.
15:00
Go back to this picture of me a million years ago.
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Arata poza asta cu mine de acum un milion de ani din nou.
15:05
It was 1971, the Vietnam War was going on,
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Era anul 1971, in timpul razboiului din Vietnam,
15:10
and I'm like, "Oh my God!"
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si ma gandeam, "O, Dumnezeule!"
15:13
I'm studying physics: Landau, Lipschitz, Resnick and Halliday.
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Eu studiez fizica: Landau,Lipschitz, Resnick si Halliday.
15:16
I'm going home for a midterm. A riot's going on on campus.
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Ma duceam acasa in vacanta dintre semestre. Era o rascoala in campus.
15:18
There's a riot! Hey, Elmo's done: off.
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O rascoala! Am zis ca Elmo e terminat.
15:27
There's a riot going on on campus,
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Era rascoala in campus,
15:29
and the police are chasing me, right?
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si politia ma fugarea, da ?
15:32
I'm walking across campus. Cop comes and looks at me and says,
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Merg prin campus. Politistul vine si se uita la mine si zice,
15:35
"You! You're a student."
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"TU! tu esti student."
15:37
Pulls out a gun. Goes boom!
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Scoate o arma. Si trage!
15:39
And a tear gas canister the size of a Pepsi can goes by my head. Whoosh!
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Si o grenada cu gaz lacrimogen cat o cutie de Pepsi imi trece pe langa cap.
15:43
I get a breath of tear gas and I can't breathe.
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Inhalez o gura de gaz lacrimogen si nu mai pot sa respir.
15:46
This cop comes after me with a rifle.
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Politistul vine dupa mine cu o pusca.
15:48
He wants to clunk me over the head!
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Vrea sa ma pocneasca in cap cu ea!
15:50
I'm saying, "I got to clear out of here!"
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Imi zic, "Trebuie sa o sterg de aici"
15:53
I go running across campus quick as I can. I duck into Hayes Hall.
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Fug prin campus cat de repede pot. Ma ascund in amfiteatrul Hayes.
15:59
It's one of these bell-tower buildings.
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E o cladire din acea cu clopot in turn.
16:01
The cop's chasing me.
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Politistul ma fugareste.
16:03
Chasing me up the first floor, second floor, third floor.
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Ma fugareste pana la etajul unu, doi, pana la trei.
16:05
Chases me into this room.
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Ma fugareste intr-o camera.
16:06
The entranceway to the bell tower.
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La intrarea in turnul cu clopot.
16:08
I slam the door behind me, climb up,
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Trantesc usa dupa mine,ma catar,
16:10
go past this place where I see a pendulum ticking.
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si trec pe langa un loc unde vad pendulul miscandu-se.
16:12
And I'm thinking, "Oh yeah,
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Si ma gandesc, a da,
16:14
the square root of the length is proportional to its period." (Laughter)
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radacina patrata a lungimii e proportionala cu durata ei.(Rasete)
16:17
I keep climbing up, go back.
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Continui sa ma catar, ma intorc.
16:19
I go to a place where a dowel splits off.
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Ma duc intr-un loc in care cui de lemn se despica.
16:21
There's a clock, clock, clock, clock.
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Era un ceas,ceas,ceas,ceas.
16:22
The time's going backwards because I'm inside of it.
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Ceasul mergea inapoi pentru ca eu eram inauntrul lui.
16:24
I'm thinking of Lorenz contractions and Einsteinian relativity.
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Ma gandeam la contractiile Lorenz si la teoria relativitatii a lui Einstein.
16:28
I climb up, and there's this place, way in the back,
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Ma urc , si era un loc , chiar in spate,
16:31
that you climb up this wooden ladder.
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la care ajungi cu ajutorul scarii din lemn.
16:33
I pop up the top, and there's a cupola.
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Deschid usa,si vad o cupola.
16:35
A dome, one of these ten-foot domes.
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Un dom, din ala de vreo 3 metri.
16:37
I'm looking out and I'm seeing the cops bashing students' heads,
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Ma uit afara si vad cum politisti pocnesc studentii in cap ,
16:40
shooting tear gas, and watching students throwing bricks.
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trageau cu gaz lacrimogen, si vedeam studenti care aruncau cu caramizi.
16:42
And I'm asking, "What am I doing here? Why am I here?"
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Si ma intrebam, Ce fac aici? De ce sunt aici?
16:45
Then I remember what my English teacher in high school said.
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Apoi mi-am adus aminte de ce mi-a spus profesorul de engleza in liceu.
16:48
Namely, that when they cast bells,
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Si anume,ca dupa ce termina de fabricat clopotele,
16:52
they write inscriptions on them.
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ei scriu niste inscriptii pe ele.
16:55
So, I wipe the pigeon manure off one of the bells, and I look at it.
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Asa ca , sterg gainatul de porumbel de pe unul dintre clopote, si ma uit la el.
16:59
I'm asking myself, "Why am I here?"
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Si ma intreb, de ce sunt aici?
17:02
So, at this time, I'd like to tell you the words inscribed
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Si acum as vrea sa va spun ce era inscriptionat pe clopotul
17:06
upon the Hayes Hall tower bells:
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din turnul Hayes:
17:10
"All truth is one.
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"Adevarul este numai unul.
17:15
In this light, may science and religion endeavor here
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Stiinta si religia vor incerca aici
17:21
for the steady evolution of mankind, from darkness to light,
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pentru evolutia omenirii , de la intuneric la lumina,
17:25
from narrowness to broad-mindedness, from prejudice to tolerance.
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de la cei ingusti la minte la cei mai intelepti, de la prejudecata la toleranta.
17:33
It is the voice of life, which calls us to come and learn."
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E vocea vietii , cea care ne cheama sa venim si sa invatam"
17:41
Thank you very much.
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Va multumesc foarte mult.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Clifford Stoll - Astronomer, educator, skepticAstronomer Clifford Stoll helped to capture a notorious KGB hacker back in the infancy of the Internet. His agile mind continues to lead him down new paths -- from education and techno-skepticism to the making of zero-volume bottles.
Why you should listen
When Clifford Stoll speaks, you can't help but listen. Full of restless energy, he jumps from one topic to the next, darting back and forth across the stage. You may not be sure where he's going, but the ride is always part of the adventure.
An astronomer (though his astronomy career took a turn when he noticed a bookkeeping error that ultimately led him to track down a notorious hacker), researcher and internationally recognized computer security expert -- who happens to be a vocal critic of technology -- Stoll makes a sharp, witty case for keeping computers out of the classroom. Currently teaching college-level physics to eighth graders at a local school, he stays busy in his spare time building Klein bottles.
Clifford Stoll | Speaker | TED.com