TED2006
Clifford Stoll: The call to learn
Clifford Stoll o… svemu
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Clifford Stoll drži pažnju publike živim i energičnim anegdotama, opaskama, uzgrednim stvarima -- pa čak i znanstvenim eksperimentom. Nakon svega, po vlastitoj definiciji, on je znanstvenik: "Jednom kad nešto napravim, želim raditi nešto drugo."
Clifford Stoll - Astronomer, educator, skeptic
Astronomer Clifford Stoll helped to capture a notorious KGB hacker back in the infancy of the Internet. His agile mind continues to lead him down new paths -- from education and techno-skepticism to the making of zero-volume bottles. Full bio
Astronomer Clifford Stoll helped to capture a notorious KGB hacker back in the infancy of the Internet. His agile mind continues to lead him down new paths -- from education and techno-skepticism to the making of zero-volume bottles. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm delighted to be here.
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Presretan sam što sam ovdje.
00:14
I'm honored by the invitation, and thanks.
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Čast mi je da sam pozvan, i hvala još jednom.
00:17
I would love to talk about stuff that I'm interested in,
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Želio bih vam pričati o stvarima koje me zanimaju,
00:20
but unfortunately, I suspect that what I'm interested in
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ali nažalost nekako sumnjam da će ono za što sam ja zainteresiran
00:22
won't interest many other people.
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interesirati puno ljudi.
00:25
First off, my badge says I'm an astronomer.
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Prva stvar, na moj kartici piše da sam astronom.
00:27
I would love to talk about my astronomy,
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Jako bih volio pričati o astronomiji,
00:29
but I suspect that the number of people who are interested in radiative transfer
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ali bojim se kako je broj ljudi zainteresiranih za radijativni transfer
00:32
in non-gray atmospheres
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u ne-sivim atmosferama
00:34
and polarization of light in Jupiter's upper atmosphere
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te za polarizaciju svjetla u Jupiterovoj gornjoj atmosferi
00:36
are the number of people who'd fit in a bus shelter.
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jednak broju ljudi koji bi stali ispod nadstrešnice kod stajališta za autobuse.
00:38
So I'm not going to talk about that.
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Stoga neću pričati o tome.
00:40
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:42
It would be just as much fun
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Bilo bi isto tako zabavno
00:44
to talk about some stuff that happened in 1986 and 1987,
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pričati o nekim stvarima koje su se odigrale 1986. i 1987.,
00:47
when a computer hacker is breaking into our systems
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kada su računalni hakeri probili naš sustav
00:50
over at Lawrence Berkeley Labs.
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u Lawrence Berkeley laboratoriju.
00:52
And I caught the guys,
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A ja sam ulovio te momke,
00:54
and they turned out to be working for what was then the Soviet KGB,
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i ispalo je da su radili za ono što se tada zvalo sovjetski KGB,
00:58
and stealing information and selling it.
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te su krali informacije i prodavali ih.
01:00
And I'd love to talk about that -- and it'd be fun --
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I stvarno bih volio pričati o tome -- i bilo bi zabavno --
01:04
but, 20 years later ...
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ali, 20 godina kasnije...
01:07
I find computer security, frankly, to be kind of boring.
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nalazim da je računalna sigurnost, onako iskreno rečeno, nekako dosadna.
01:09
It's tedious.
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Zamorno je.
01:11
I'm --
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Ja sam --
01:12
The first time you do something, it's science.
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Prvi put kada nešto napraviš, to je znanost.
01:16
The second time, it's engineering.
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Drugi put, to je inženjerstvo.
01:19
A third time, it's just being a technician.
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Treći put, samo si jedan od tehničara.
01:22
I'm a scientist. Once I do something, I do something else.
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Ja sam znanstvenik. Jednom kad napravim nešto, idem raditi nešto drugo.
01:25
So, I'm not going to talk about that.
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Stoga neću pričati o tome.
01:27
Nor am I going to talk about what I think are obvious statements from my first book,
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Niti ću pričati o stvarima koje mislim da su očite iz moje prve knjige,
01:34
"Silicon Snake Oil," or my second book,
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Silicon Snake Oil, ili moje druge knjige,
01:38
nor am I going to talk about
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a neću pričati ni o tome
01:40
why I believe computers don't belong in schools.
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zašto vjerujem da računalima nije mjesto u školama.
01:43
I feel that there's a massive and bizarre idea going around
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Osjećam da postoji masivna i bizarna ideja koja se vrti okolo
01:47
that we have to bring more computers into schools.
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da moramo uvesti veći broj računala u škole.
01:51
My idea is: no! No!
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Moja ideja je: Ne! Ne!
01:53
Get them out of schools, and keep them out of schools.
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Mičite ih iz škola i držite ih što dalje od njih.
01:57
And I'd love to talk about this,
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I stvarno bih volio pričati o tome,
01:59
but I think the argument is so obvious to anyone who's hung around a fourth grade classroom
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mislim kako su argumenti toliko očiti bilo kome tko je bio u blizini učionica četvrtog razreda
02:04
that it doesn't need much talking about --
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tako da se stvarno nema što puno o tome pričati –
02:08
but I guess I may be very wrong about that,
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no moguće je kako sam jako u krivu glede toga,
02:10
and everything else that I've said.
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kao i svega ostalog što sam dosad govorio.
02:11
So don't go back and read my dissertation.
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Stoga nikako nemojte ići tražiti i čitati moju disertaciju.
02:13
It probably has lies in it as well.
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Vjerojatno i u njoj ima laži.
02:15
Having said that, I outlined my talk about five minutes ago.
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Kad smo kod toga, napravio sam si natuknice za govor prije pet minuta.
02:19
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:22
And if you look at it over here,
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I ako pogledate ovamo,
02:24
the main thing I wrote on my thumb was the future.
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glavna stvar koju sam napisao na palcu jest budućnost.
02:27
I'm supposed to talk about the future, yes?
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Trebam pričati o budućnosti, jel da?
02:30
Oh, right. And my feeling is, asking me to talk about the future is bizarre,
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Dobro. Nekako osjećam, ako pitate mene da pričam o budućnosti to je bizarno,
02:37
because I've got gray hair,
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jer ja sam čovjek sa sjedim vlasima,
02:39
and so, it's kind of silly for me to talk about the future.
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i stoga je nekako bedasto da ja pričam o budućnosti.
02:45
In fact, I think that if you really want to know what the future's going to be,
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U stvari, mislim da ako zbilja želite znati kako će budućnost izgledati,
02:49
if you really want to know about the future,
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ako zbilja želite znati o budućnosti,
02:51
don't ask a technologist, a scientist, a physicist.
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ne pitajte tehnologa, znanstvenika, ili fizičara.
02:55
No! Don't ask somebody who's writing code.
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Ne! Ne pitajte nekoga tko piše računalni kod.
03:02
No, if you want to know what society's going to be like in 20 years,
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Ne, ako vas zbilja zanima kako će društvo izgledati za 20 godina,
03:07
ask a kindergarten teacher.
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upitajte odgajateljicu u vrtiću.
03:09
They know.
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One znaju.
03:12
In fact, don't ask just any kindergarten teacher,
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U stvari, nemojte pitati bilo koju odgajateljicu,
03:15
ask an experienced one.
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pitajte iskusnu, dobru odgajateljicu.
03:17
They're the ones who know what society is going to be like in another generation.
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One znaju kako će društvo izgledati u slijedećoj generaciji.
03:21
I don't. Nor, I suspect,
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Ja ne znam. Niti to znaju, ja mislim,
03:23
do many other people who are talking about what the future will bring.
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mnogi drugi ljudi koji pričaju o tome što će budućnost donijeti.
03:26
Certainly, all of us can imagine these cool new things
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Sigurno, svaki od nas može zamisliti ove sjajne nove stvarčice
03:30
that are going to be there.
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koje će biti tamo.
03:31
But to me, things aren't the future.
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Ali za mene, stvarčice nisu budućnost.
03:35
What I ask myself is, what's society is going to be like,
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Ono što se ja pitam jest: kako će društvo izgledati,
03:38
when the kids today are phenomenally good at text messaging
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kada imamo djecu današnjice koja su izvrsna u slanju sms-ova
03:44
and spend a huge amount of on-screen time,
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i provode ogromno vrijeme pred telkom,
03:47
but have never gone bowling together?
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ali nikad skupa nisu išli na kuglanje.
03:53
Change is happening, and the change that is happening
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Promjena se događa, i ta promjena
03:56
is not one that is in software.
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nije u softveru.
03:59
But that's not what I'm going to talk about.
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No neću o tome pričati.
04:00
I'd love to talk about it, it'd be fun,
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Volio bih o tome pričati, bilo bi zabavno,
04:03
but I want to talk about what I'm doing now. What am I doing now?
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ali želim pričati o onome što radim sada. Što to ja radim sada?
04:06
Oh -- the other thing that I think I'd like to talk about
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Aaaa. -- ta druga stvar za koju mislim da bih o njoj želio pričati
04:08
is right over here. Right over here.
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je baš ovdje. Baš ovdje.
04:12
Is that visible? What I'd like to talk about is one-sided things.
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Vidi li se ovo? Ono o čemu bih želio pričati su jednostrane stvari.
04:18
I would dearly love to talk about
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Istinski bih volio pričati
04:20
things that have one side.
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o stvarima koje imaju samo jednu stranu.
04:23
Because I love Mobius loops. I not only love Mobius loops,
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To je zato što volim Mobius petlje. Ne samo da volim Mobius petlje,
04:27
but I'm one of the very few people,
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nego sam jedan od vrlo rijetkih ljudi,
04:30
if not the only person in the world, that makes Klein bottles.
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ako ne i jedina osoba na svijetu, koja pravi Klein boce.
04:33
Right away, I hope that all of your eyes glaze over.
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Odmah sad, nadam se da ćete usmjeriti poglede ovamo.
04:36
This is a Klein bottle.
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Ovo je Klein boca.
04:39
For those of you in the audience who know,
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Za one u publici koji to znaju,
04:42
you roll your eyes and say, yup, I know all about it.
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zarolajte očima i recite, jap. Znam sve o tome.
04:44
It's one sided. It's a bottle whose inside is its outside.
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Jednostrana je. To je boca kojoj je unutarnja strana ujedno vanjska.
04:46
It has zero volume. And it's non-orientable.
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Ima zapreminu ravnu nuli. I nema orijentaciju.
04:49
It has wonderful properties.
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Ima prekrasne značajke.
04:51
If you take two Mobius loops and sew their common edge together,
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Ako napravite dvije Mobius petlje i spojite njihove zajedničke rubove skupa,
04:53
you get one of these, and I make them out of glass.
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dobijete jednu ovakvu, a ja ih radim od stakla.
04:56
And I'd love to talk to you about this,
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I volio bih pričati s vama o tome,
04:58
but I don't have much in the way of ... things to say because --
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ali nemam baš puno... stvari da vam kaže o tome zato što --
05:04
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:06
(Chris Anderson: I've got a cold.)
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(Chris Anderson: Imam prehladu.)
05:07
However, the "D" in TED of course stands for design.
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Ipak, 'D' u 'TED' skraćenici, naravno, označava dizajn.
05:14
Just two weeks ago I made --
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Samo prije dva tjedna napravio sam --
05:16
you know, I've been making small, medium and big Klein bottles for the trade.
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znate, radio sam male, srednje i velike Klein boce za trgovinu.
05:22
But what I've just made --
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Ali nešto sam upravo završio --
05:26
and I'm delighted to show you, first time in public here.
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i presretan sam da vam to mogu pokazati, prvi put javno ovdje.
05:35
This is a Klein bottle wine bottle,
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Ovo je Klein boca (Klein-bottle) – vinska boca (wine bottle),
05:40
which, although in four dimensions
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koja, iako u četiri dimenzije
05:43
it shouldn't be able to hold any fluid at all,
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ne bi smjela moći imati u sebi bilo kakvu tekućinu,
05:46
it's perfectly capable of doing so
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bez problema to može
05:48
because our universe has only three spatial dimensions.
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zato što naš univerzum ima samo tri prostorne dimenzije.
05:50
And because our universe is only three spatial dimensions,
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I zato što naš univerzum ima tri prostorne dimenzije,
05:53
it can hold fluids.
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ova boca može držati tekućinu u sebi.
05:56
So it's highly -- that one's the cool one.
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Stoga to je jako -- baš ova je cool.
06:01
That was a month of my life.
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To je bio mjesec dana rada mojeg života.
06:06
But although I would love to talk about topology with you, I'm not going to.
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I premda bih volio govoriti o topologiji s vama, neću.
06:11
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:17
Instead, I'm going to mention my mom,
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Umjesto toga, spomenut ću moju mamu,
06:22
who passed away last summer.
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koja je preminula prošlo ljeto.
06:25
Had collected photographs of me, as mothers will do.
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Skupljala je slike na kojima sam ja, kao što to majke rade.
06:28
Could somebody put this guy up?
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Može li netko prikazati ovog dečka?
06:30
And I looked over her album
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I gledao sam njezin album i sakupljala je slike sa mnom,
06:34
and she had collected a picture of me, standing --
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i sakupljala je slike sa mnom, kako stojim –
06:37
well, sitting -- in 1969, in front of a bunch of dials.
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u stvari sjedim, 1969. ispred hrpe brojčanika.
06:42
And I looked at it, and said, oh my god,
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I pogledao sam sliku, i rekao si, o Bože,
06:45
that was me, when I was working at the electronic music studio!
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to sam ja kad sam radio u elektronskom glazbenom studiju!
06:47
As a technician, repairing and maintaining
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Radio sam kao tehničar, popravljao i održavao
06:51
the electronic music studio at SUNY Buffalo. And wow!
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elektronički glazbeni studio u SUNY-iju, Buffalo. I vau!
06:55
Way back machine. And I said to myself, oh yeah!
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Stroj za putovanje iha-ha unatrag. I rekao sam si, to je to!
07:01
And it sent me back.
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I poslalo me tamo.
07:05
Soon after that, I found in another picture that she had, a picture of me.
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Nedugo nakon toga, pronašao sam još jednu sliku koju je imala moja majka, moju sliku.
07:13
This guy over here of course is me.
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Ovaj dečko ovdje, to sam naravno ja.
07:17
This man is Robert Moog,
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Ovaj čovjek je Robert Moog,
07:19
the inventor of the Moog synthesizer,
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izumitelj Moog sintesajzera,
07:21
who passed away this past August.
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on je preminuo prošlog kolovoza.
07:26
Robert Moog was a generous, kind person, extraordinarily competent engineer.
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Robert Moog bio je velikodušna, ljubazna osoba, izvanserijski kompetentan inženjer.
07:31
A musician who took time from his life to teach me,
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Muzičar koji me uzeo pod svoje okrilje kako bi me poučio,
07:37
a sophomore, a freshman at SUNY Buffalo.
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mene brucoša u SUNY Buffalo.
07:40
He'd come up from Trumansburg to teach me
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Došao je iz Trumansburg-a da me pouči
07:45
not just about the Moog synthesizer, but we'd be sitting there --
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ne samo o Moog sintesajzeru, već smo znali sjediti tamo --
07:49
I'm studying physics at the time. This is 1969, 70, 71.
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a u to doba sam studirao fiziku. Bile su to 1969., 70., 71.
07:52
We're studying physics, I'm studying physics,
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Proučavali smo fiziku, ja sam proučavao fiziku,
07:54
and he's saying, "That's a good thing to do.
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a on je govorio, "To je dobro što radiš.
07:56
Don't get caught up in electronic music if you're doing physics."
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Nemoj se zaplesti u elektronsku glazbu ako učiš fiziku."
07:58
Mentoring me. He'd come up and
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Mentorirao me. Došao bi i
08:01
spend hours and hours with me.
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proveo bi sate i sate sa mnom.
08:05
He wrote a letter of recommendation for me to get into graduate school.
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Napisao mi je pismo preporuke kako bih se upisao na postdiplomski studij.
08:08
In the background, my bicycle.
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U pozadini je moj bicikl.
08:10
I realize that this picture was taken at a friend's living room.
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Shvatio sam kako je ova slika slikana u dnevnoj sobi mog prijatelja.
08:13
Bob Moog came by and hauled a whole pile of equipment
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Bob Moog došao je do nas i dovukao gomiletinu opreme
08:16
to show Greg Flint and I things about this.
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da pokaže Greg Flintu i meni nešto o ovim stvarima.
08:18
We sat around talking about Fourier transforms,
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Sjedili smo tako i razgovarali o Fourierovim transformatorima.
08:20
Bessel functions, modulation transfer functions,
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Besselovim funkcijama, modulaciji prijenosnih funkcija,
08:23
stuff like this.
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o takvim stvarima.
08:28
Bob's passing this past summer has been a loss to all of us.
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Kad je Bob preminuo prošlo ljeto bio je to veliki gubitak za sve nas.
08:31
Anyone who's a musician has been profoundly influenced by Robert Moog.
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Svatko tko je glazbenik bio je pod snažnim utjecajem rada Robert Mooga.
08:36
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
08:38
And I'll just say what I'm about to do. What I'm about to do --
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I reći ću vam što ću napraviti. Napravit ću slijedeće --
08:43
I hope you can recognize that there's a distorted sine wave,
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nadam se da možete razaznati da se na ovom Hewlett-Packard osciloskopu
08:47
almost a triangular wave upon this Hewlett-Packard oscilloscope.
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nalazi distorzirani sinusni val, gotovo trokutni val.
08:53
Oh, cool. I can get to this place over here, right?
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O, sjajno. Mogu doći do tog mjesta ovdje, točno?
08:58
Kids. Kids is what I'm going to talk about -- is that okay?
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Klinci. Pričat ću o klincima -- je li to u redu?
09:00
It says kids over here, that's what I'd like to talk about.
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Ovdje kaže klinci tamo, o tome bih želio govoriti.
09:04
I've decided that, for me at least,
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Odlučio sam da, bar što se mene tiče,
09:08
I don't have a big enough head.
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nemam dovoljno veliku glavu.
09:13
So I think locally and I act locally.
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Stoga mislim lokalno i djelujem lokalno.
09:16
I feel that the best way I can help out anything is to help out very, very locally.
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Mislim kako je to najbolji način da pomognem vrlo, vrlo lokalan.
09:20
So Ph.D. this, and degree there, and the yadda yadda.
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Stoga ovaj doktorat, diploma ona, i trla brla.
09:25
I was talking about this stuff to
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Govorio sam o ovim stvarima
09:29
some schoolteachers about a year ago.
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nekolicini učitelja u školi prije otprilike godinu dana.
09:31
And one of them, several of them would come up to me and say,
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I jedan od njih, u stvari više njih prišlo mi je i reklo,
09:33
"Well, how come you ain't teaching?"
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"Pa kako to da ne predaješ to?"
09:35
And I said, "Well, I've taught graduate --
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I rekao sam, "Ma znate, podučavao sam studente --
09:36
I've had graduate students, I've taught undergraduate classes."
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imao sam studente na diplomskom, podučavao sam na preddiplomskim studijima."
09:39
No, they said, "If you're so into kids and all this stuff,
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Ne, kažu oni, "Ako te zanimaju klinci i sve te stvari,
09:41
how come you ain't over here on the front lines?
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kako to da te nema ovdje, na prvim crtama?
09:44
Put your money where you mouth is."
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Dosta priče, pokaži da stvarno tako i misliš."
09:48
Is true. Is true. I teach eighth-grade science four days a week.
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Istina je. Istina. Podučavao sam znanost u osmom razredu četiri dana tjedno.
09:54
Not just showing up every now and then.
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Nisam se samo pojavljivao tu i tamo.
09:56
No, no, no, no, no. I take attendance.
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Ne, ne, ne, ne, ne. Prisustvovao sam i bilježio vrijeme.
10:00
I take lunch hour. (Applause)
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Bio sam tamo za vrijeme ručka. (Pljesak)
10:03
This is not -- no, no, no, this is not claps.
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Nije to -- ne, ne, ne, nije to za pljeskanje.
10:06
I strongly suggest that this is a good thing for each of you to do.
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Svakom sugeriram, stvarno, ovo je prava stvar koju možete napraviti.
10:10
Not just show up to class every now and then.
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Ne da se samo pojavite na nastavi tu i tamo.
10:12
Teach a solid week. Okay, I'm teaching three-quarters time, but good enough.
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Podučavajte djecu kroz cijeli tjedan. OK, ja predajem ¾ vremena, ali to je dovoljno dobro.
10:16
One of the things that I've done for my science students
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Jedna od stvari koju sam radio s učenicima na satu znanosti
10:18
is to tell them, "Look, I'm going to teach you college-level physics.
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bila je da bi im rekao, "Gledajte ovamo, poučit ću vas fiziku fakultetske razine.
10:21
No calculus, I'll cut out that.
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Ne kalkulacije, taj dio ćemo preskočiti.
10:23
You won't need to know trig.
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Neće vam trebati trigonometrija.
10:25
But you will need to know eighth-grade algebra,
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Ali trebat će vam algebra iz osmog razreda,
10:28
and we're going to do serious experiments.
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i radit ćemo ozbiljne eksperimente.
10:30
None of this open-to-chapter-seven-and-do-all-the-odd-problem-sets.
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Ništa od onog 'otvorite sedmo poglavlje i radite sve već dobro znane zadatke.'
10:33
We're going to be doing genuine physics."
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Radit ćemo pravu fiziku."
10:36
And that's one of the things I thought I'd do right now.
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I to je jedna od stvari koju sam mislio napraviti ovog časa.
10:38
(High-pitched tone)
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(Ton visoke frekvencije)
10:41
Oh, before I even turn that on,
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O, prije nego ovo uopće uključim,
10:43
one of the things that we did about three weeks ago in my class --
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jedna od stvari koju smo napravili prije otprilike tri tjedna u mom razredu --
10:47
this is through the lens, and one of the things we used a lens for
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ovo je kroz leću, i jedan od razloga zašto smo koristili leću
10:49
was to measure the speed of light.
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jest da izmjerimo brzinu svjetlosti.
10:51
My students in El Cerrito -- with my help, of course,
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Moji učenici u El Cerrito-u -- uz moju pomoć, naravno,
10:54
and with the help of a very beat up oscilloscope --
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i uz pomoć prilično istrošenog osciloskopa
10:57
measured the speed of light.
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su izmjerili brzinu svjetlosti.
10:58
We were off by 25 percent. How many eighth graders do you know of
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Promašili smo za 25 posto. Koliko osmaša vi znate
11:03
who have measured the speed of light?
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koji su izmjerili brzinu svjetlosti?
11:05
In addition to that, we've measured the speed of sound.
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Osim toga, izmjerili smo i brzinu zvuka.
11:08
I'd love to measure the speed of light here.
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Baš bih volio da ovdje izmjerim brzinu svjetlosti.
11:10
I was all set to do it and I was thinking, "Aw man,"
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Skroz sam se pripremio da to učinim i mislio sam si, "Ej, čovječe,"
11:12
I was just going to impose upon the powers that be,
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i bio sam spreman pripremiti energiju koja je potrebna za to,
11:15
and measure the speed of light.
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i da izmjerim brzinu svjetlosti.
11:16
And I'm all set to do it. I'm all set to do it,
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I skroz sam bio spreman to napravit. Skroz spreman napraviti,
11:20
but then it turns out that to set up here, you have like 10 minutes to set up!
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kada se ispostavilo da je pripremu eksperimenta ovdje potrebno oko 10 minuta!
11:24
And there's no time to do it.
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I nemamo vremena da se to napravi.
11:26
So, next time, maybe, I'll measure the speed of light!
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Stoga slijedeći put, možda slijedeći put budem izmjerio brzinu svjetlosti!
11:28
But meanwhile, let's measure the speed of sound!
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No u međuvremenu, hajdemo izmjeriti brzinu zvuka!
11:30
Well, the obvious way to measure the speed of sound
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Ma, znate, očiti način da se izmjeri brzina zvuka
11:32
is to bounce sound off something and look at the echo.
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je da odbijete zvuk od nešto i gledate u jeku.
11:35
But, probably -- one of my students, Ariel [unclear], said,
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Ali, vjerojatno -- jedan od mojih učenika, Ariel, mi kaže,
11:40
"Could we measure the speed of light using the wave equation?"
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"Možemo li izmjeriti brzinu zvuka koristeći jednadžbu valne duljine?"
11:43
And all of you know the wave equation is
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A svi vi znate da jednadžba valne duljine glasi:
11:45
the frequency times the wavelength of any wave ...
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frekvencija umnožena duljinom vala bilo kojeg vala...
11:51
is a constant. When the frequency goes up,
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je konstanta. Kada frekvencija ide gore,
11:54
the wavelength comes down. Wavelength goes up,
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valna duljina se spušta. Valna duljina ide gore,
11:57
frequency goes down. So, if we have a wave here --
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frekvencija se spušta. Pa, ako ovdje imamo val --
12:02
over here, that's what's interesting --
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evo ovdje, to je ono interesantno --
12:06
as the pitch goes up, things get closer,
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Kako visina raste, stvari se približavaju,
12:09
pitch goes down, things stretch out.
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visina se snižava, stvari se udaljuju.
12:13
Right? This is simple physics.
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Točno? Ovo je jednostavna fizika.
12:15
All of you know this from eighth grade, remember?
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Svi vi znate ovo iz osmog razreda, sjećate se?
12:18
What they didn't tell you in physics -- in eighth-grade physics --
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Ono što vam nisu rekli u fizici -- u fizici za osmaše --
12:22
but they should have, and I wish they had,
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a trebali su -- i ja bi volio da jesu --
12:25
was that if you multiply the frequency times the wavelength of sound
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jest da ako pomnožite frekvenciju s valnom duljinom zvuka
12:29
or light, you get a constant.
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ili svjetla i dobijete konstantu.
12:33
And that constant is the speed of sound.
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I ta konstanta je brzina zvuka.
12:36
So, in order to measure the speed of sound,
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Stoga da bi izmjerili brzinu zvuka,
12:39
all I've got to do is know its frequency. Well, that's easy.
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sve što trebam jest znati njegovu frekvenciju. E, to je jednostavno.
12:43
I've got a frequency counter right here.
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Imam mjerač frekvencije tu uz sebe.
12:45
Set it up to around A, above A, above A. There's an A, more or less.
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Postavit ću ga na A povrh A povrh A. Tu je A, manje ili više.
12:50
Now, so I know the frequency.
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Sad, eto znam frekvenciju.
12:55
It's 1.76 kilohertz. I measure its wavelength.
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Ona je 1,76 kiloherca. Izmjerit ću joj valnu duljinu.
13:00
All I need now is to flip on another beam,
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Sve što preostaje jest ubaciti još jedan val,
13:03
and the bottom beam is me talking, right?
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a donji val je moj glas dok govorim, točno?
13:06
So anytime I talk, you'd see it on the screen.
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Pa onda svaki put kad govorim, vidite to na zaslonu.
13:11
I'll put it over here, and as I move this away from the source,
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Stavit ću ga ovdje, i dok pomičem ovo od izvora,
13:15
you'll notice the spiral.
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primijetit ćete spiralu.
13:20
The slinky moves. We're going through different nodes of the wave,
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Graciozno se miče. Idemo sad kroz različite amplitude vala,
13:25
coming out this way.
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idući prema ovamo.
13:27
Those of you who are physicists, I hear you rolling your eyes,
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Vi koji ste fizičari u publici, čujem kako prevrćete očima,
13:29
but bear with me. (Laughter)
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ali budite strpljivi sa mnom malo. (Smijeh)
13:31
To measure the wavelength,
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Da izmjerimo duljinu vala,
13:34
all I need to do is measure the distance from here --
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sve što trebam napraviti jeste izmjeriti udaljenost odavde,
13:40
one full wave -- over to here.
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jedan puni val, pa do ovdje.
13:42
From here to here is the wavelength of sound.
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Odavde do ovdje je valna duljina zvuka.
13:45
So, I'll put a measuring tape here, measuring tape here, move it back over to here.
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Onda ću staviti mjernu traku ovdje, mjernu traku ovdje, i vratit ću je ovamo.
13:53
I've moved the microphone 20 centimeters.
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Pomaknuo sam mikrofon 20 centimetara.
13:57
0.2 meters from here, back to here, 20 centimeters.
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0,2 metra odavde, natrag do ovdje, 20 centimetara.
14:04
OK, let's go back to Mr. Elmo.
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OK, idemo nazad do gosp. Elmo-a
14:10
And we'll say the frequency is 1.76 kilohertz, or 1760.
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I reći ćemo da je frekvencija 1,76 kiloherca, ili 1760.
14:17
The wavelength was 0.2 meters.
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Valna duljina je 0,2 metara.
14:21
Let's figure out what this is.
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Idemo skužiti što to je.
14:25
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
14:33
1.76 times 0.2 over here is 352 meters per second.
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1,76 puta 0,2 ovdje je 352 metra po sekundi.
14:40
If you look it up in the book, it's really 343.
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I ako pogledate u knjigu, doista je 343.
14:46
But, here with kludgy material, and lousy drink --
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Ali uz ovaj improvizirani materijal, i ovo loše piće --
14:48
we've been able to measure the speed of sound to --
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uspjeli smo izmjeriti brzinu zvuka do...
14:53
not bad. Pretty good.
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Nije loše. Prilično dobro.
14:55
All of which comes to what I wanted to say.
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Što me sve dovodi do onoga što sam želio reći.
15:00
Go back to this picture of me a million years ago.
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Vratimo se na ovu sliku mene prije milijun godina.
15:05
It was 1971, the Vietnam War was going on,
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Bila je 1971., Vijetnamski rat je trajao,
15:10
and I'm like, "Oh my God!"
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a ja sam bio kao, "O moj Bože!"
15:13
I'm studying physics: Landau, Lipschitz, Resnick and Halliday.
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Ja studiram fiziku: Landau, Lipschitz, Resnick i Halliday.
15:16
I'm going home for a midterm. A riot's going on on campus.
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I idem kući za praznike. U kampusu traje buna.
15:18
There's a riot! Hey, Elmo's done: off.
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Neredi su tamo! Hej, Elmo je gotov. Ode.
15:27
There's a riot going on on campus,
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Protesti su u kampusu,
15:29
and the police are chasing me, right?
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i policija me proganja, kužite?
15:32
I'm walking across campus. Cop comes and looks at me and says,
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Hodam kroz kampus. Policajac mi prilazi, pogleda me i kaže mi,
15:35
"You! You're a student."
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"Ti! Ti si student."
15:37
Pulls out a gun. Goes boom!
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I izvuče pištolj. Ide buuum!
15:39
And a tear gas canister the size of a Pepsi can goes by my head. Whoosh!
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I boca sa suzavcem veličine Pepsija ide mi prema glavi. Fiiijuuu!
15:43
I get a breath of tear gas and I can't breathe.
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Udahnem suzavac i ne mogu disati.
15:46
This cop comes after me with a rifle.
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Ovaj policajac ide za mnom s puškom.
15:48
He wants to clunk me over the head!
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Hoće da me zatuče po glavi!
15:50
I'm saying, "I got to clear out of here!"
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Govorim si, "Moram šmugnuti odavde!"
15:53
I go running across campus quick as I can. I duck into Hayes Hall.
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I idem trčeći kroz kampus što brže mogu. Sakrijem se u Hayes dvoranu.
15:59
It's one of these bell-tower buildings.
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To je jedna od onih građevina sa zvonikom.
16:01
The cop's chasing me.
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Policajac juri za mnom.
16:03
Chasing me up the first floor, second floor, third floor.
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Juri me do prvog kata, drugi kat, treći kat.
16:05
Chases me into this room.
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Juri za mnom u tu sobu.
16:06
The entranceway to the bell tower.
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Ulaz u sobu sa zvonikom.
16:08
I slam the door behind me, climb up,
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Zatvorim vrata za sobom, popnem se gore,
16:10
go past this place where I see a pendulum ticking.
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prođem pokraj mjesta gdje vidim satni uteg kako se njiše.
16:12
And I'm thinking, "Oh yeah,
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I mislim si, o da,
16:14
the square root of the length is proportional to its period." (Laughter)
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kvadratni korijen duljine proporcionalan je vlastitoj periodi. (Smijeh)
16:17
I keep climbing up, go back.
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Nastavljam se penjati, idem natrag.
16:19
I go to a place where a dowel splits off.
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I dolazim do mjesta gdje se spojnica razdvaja.
16:21
There's a clock, clock, clock, clock.
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Tu je tik, tik, tik, tik.
16:22
The time's going backwards because I'm inside of it.
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Vrijeme ide unatrag jer sam unutar njega.
16:24
I'm thinking of Lorenz contractions and Einsteinian relativity.
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Razmišljam o Lorenzovim kontrakcijama i Einstein-ovoj relativnosti.
16:28
I climb up, and there's this place, way in the back,
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Penjem se gore, i tamo je ovo mjesto, skroz pozadi,
16:31
that you climb up this wooden ladder.
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gdje se popneš uz pomoć drvenih ljestvi.
16:33
I pop up the top, and there's a cupola.
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Otvorim poklopac, i tamo je kupola.
16:35
A dome, one of these ten-foot domes.
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Kupolasti krov, deset stopa velika kupola.
16:37
I'm looking out and I'm seeing the cops bashing students' heads,
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Gledam vani i vidim kako policajci lupaju studente po glavama,
16:40
shooting tear gas, and watching students throwing bricks.
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ispucavaju suzavac, i gledaju kako studenti bacaju cigle na njih.
16:42
And I'm asking, "What am I doing here? Why am I here?"
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I pitam se, što ja radim ovdje? Zašto sam ovdje?
16:45
Then I remember what my English teacher in high school said.
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Onda se sjetim onoga što mi je profesor engleskog u srednjoj školi govorio.
16:48
Namely, that when they cast bells,
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Naime, kada se radi odljev zvona,
16:52
they write inscriptions on them.
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na njih uvijek ugraviraju nešto.
16:55
So, I wipe the pigeon manure off one of the bells, and I look at it.
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Stoga obrišem ptičji drek s jednog od zvona, i pogledam ga.
16:59
I'm asking myself, "Why am I here?"
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I pitam sam sebe, zašto sam ovdje?
17:02
So, at this time, I'd like to tell you the words inscribed
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I sad bih vam želio reći riječi koje su bile ugravirane
17:06
upon the Hayes Hall tower bells:
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u zvono tornja Hayes dvorane:
17:10
"All truth is one.
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"Sva je istina samo jedna.
17:15
In this light, may science and religion endeavor here
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U ovom svjetlu, neka znanost i religija zajedno postignu
17:21
for the steady evolution of mankind, from darkness to light,
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tihi napredak čovječanstva, iz tame u svjetlo,
17:25
from narrowness to broad-mindedness, from prejudice to tolerance.
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iz uskogrudnosti prema otvorenim vidicima, od predrasude prema snošljivosti.
17:33
It is the voice of life, which calls us to come and learn."
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To je glas života, koji nas zove da učimo."
17:41
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam puno.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Clifford Stoll - Astronomer, educator, skepticAstronomer Clifford Stoll helped to capture a notorious KGB hacker back in the infancy of the Internet. His agile mind continues to lead him down new paths -- from education and techno-skepticism to the making of zero-volume bottles.
Why you should listen
When Clifford Stoll speaks, you can't help but listen. Full of restless energy, he jumps from one topic to the next, darting back and forth across the stage. You may not be sure where he's going, but the ride is always part of the adventure.
An astronomer (though his astronomy career took a turn when he noticed a bookkeeping error that ultimately led him to track down a notorious hacker), researcher and internationally recognized computer security expert -- who happens to be a vocal critic of technology -- Stoll makes a sharp, witty case for keeping computers out of the classroom. Currently teaching college-level physics to eighth graders at a local school, he stays busy in his spare time building Klein bottles.
Clifford Stoll | Speaker | TED.com