Michael Shellenberger: How fear of nuclear power is hurting the environment
Майкл Шелленберг: Как страх атомной энергии вредит окружающей среде
Michael Shellenberger is a global thinker on energy, technology and the environment. Full bio
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экологически чистой энергии.
with new solar panels going up,
солнечными батареями
half its power from solar,
получают от Солнца,
to building 10 times more solar
в 10 раз больше солнечных батарей,
making a comeback.
к атомной энергии.
working with engineers,
that are working together
в попытке построить
reactor that runs on waste,
работающий на ядерных отходах,
than anybody imagined?
to take a deep dive into the data.
досконально разобраться с данными.
energy has been increasing.
sources over the last 20 years.
экологичным путём за последние 20 лет.
the percentage of global electricity
всего экологически чистого электричества
from 36 percent to 31 percent.
произошёл спад с 36% до 31%.
from clean energy sources,
100% электроэнергии из чистых источников
points of global electricity be?"
это так уж много?»
60 атомных станций
California's last nuclear plant,
последнюю АЭС в Калифорнии,
размером с «Топаз»,
solar farms in the world,
солнечных станций в мире
that fossil fuels are increasing
ископаемого топлива развивается быстрее
and dung and charcoal
sources in particular
in absolute terms,
has declined seven percent
сократилось на 7%
making huge strides,
быстро развивается,
about how it doesn't really matter,
что атомная энергия не так уж важна,
is going to make up the difference.
from solar and wind,
half of the decline from nuclear.
потерянной атомной энергии.
in the United States.
на данные по США.
really 2013, 2014 --
four nuclear power plants.
четыре атомные станции,
replaced with fossil fuels,
ископаемым топливом.
was that we wiped out
такого же количества чистой энергии,
electricity that we get from solar.
as a clean energy and climate leader,
в плане чистой энергии и климата,
than the national average,
медленнее, чем в среднем по стране
been going up since 2009,
увеличивала выбросы с 2009 года,
who's going to tell you
their climate commitments in 2020.
свои обещания по климату к 2020 году.
about 10 to 20 percent of the time,
можно получать только 10—20% времени,
the sun's not shining,
some really cool improvements lately,
аккумуляторы существенно улучшились,
going to be as efficient
не станут так эффективны,
into a battery and take it out,
и разряжая аккумулятор,
percent of the power.
we've brought online --
около 10% электроэнергии от Солнца,
of electricity from solar --
and people come home from work
and their TV sets,
что для страховки нам нужен природный газ.
into the side of a mountain.
it sprung a leak.
half a million cars on the road.
of our climate commitments for the year.
климатические обязательства на год вперёд.
to really get the right data,
чтобы получить точные сведения.
чиновниками в сфере энергетики.
solar, nuclear, the rest --
more serious problems
we don't have all the natural gas.
нет природного газа.
to 100 gigawatts by 2022.
100 гигаватт к 2022 году.
a closer look at nuclear.
Panel on Climate Change
по вопросам климата — МГЭИК —
of all these different fuels,
во всех этих видах топлива,
it's actually lower even than solar.
очень низкое, ниже, чем в солнечной.
provides a lot of power --
очевидно, даёт много энергии
power 92 percent of the time.
производит энергию 92% времени.
when you look at countries
kinds of clean energies,
with the climate crisis.
a pretty good option,
of people around the world,
of the least popular forms of energy.
одна из наименее популярных.
edges out coal, the thing is,
in the same way they fear nuclear,
чем атомную энергию.
of the plants themselves --
to melt down and cause damage;
и будут ужасные последствия;
and look for technological fixes.
и ищут технологические решения.
developing advanced reactors.
реакторы нового поколения.
are working on this problem.
работают над этой проблемой.
very excited about it.
"How to Make Nuclear Cheap."
«О дешёвой атомной энергии».
shows a lot of promise.
выглядит очень обнадёживающе.
scientist, James Hansen,
advanced nuclear program,
and UC Berkeley engineers.
и университета Беркли.
с атомной энергией то же самое,
to do with nuclear
reactors on assembly lines,
в промышленном масштабе,
and send them around the world.
как телефоны и компьютеры Apple.
very exciting and very promising;
и многообещающими.
that they're working on.
and a bunch of us were excited.
и мы все были взволнованы.
they got to the timeline,
дошли до временнóй шкалы
a thorium molten salt reactor
на расплаве солей,
of a climate crisis right now.
климатический кризис.
polluted, by the way."
about our thorium program,
о нашей ториевой программе,
hasn't been particularly forthcoming
не особо шло навстречу,
have on testing reactors."
по тестированию реакторов».
where you're demonstrating that reactor?
которых вы демонстрируете реакторы?
to commercializing it.
looked at me and said,
been demonstrated before?"
никогда не демонстрировался?»
now, they're starting to sell it.
и начинают продавать, —
that's part of the safety,
это мера безопасности.
it's going to ever get cheaper
are really cool ideas, but the truth is,
хороши в теории, но дело в том,
actually make more waste,
станет только больше.
that if you're including
machine a lot more expensive,
of that we're going to do.
мы реально готовы осуществить.
about the nuclear program.
и спрашивали о ядерной программе.
before the Paris climate talks
like 30 new nuclear plants.
построить около 30 АЭС.
and interviewed people
they're going to do about five.
especially the rich world,
about building new reactors.
о строительстве новых реакторов.
about taking reactors down
its neighbors to do that.
своих соседей.
over the next 15 years,
половину своих АЭС,
of the emissions reductions
сократить вредные выбросы на 40% —
under the Clean Power Plan.
в Плане развития чистой энергии.
all their nuclear plants offline,
natural gas, oil burning,
природный газ и нефть,
online about a third to two-thirds.
от потерянной атомной энергии.
China and India bringing online
которую запустят Китай и Индия
of being taken offline --
что мы рискуем потерять,
the world is actually at risk
than we lost over the last 10 years.
чем за последние 10 лет.
in a clean energy revolution;
это вовсе не революция чистой энергии,
would look for a technical fix
будут искать технические решения,
that these are big challenges to do,
a long time to solve,
really going to solve people's fears?
рассеять страхи людей?
to make nuclear power much safer.
как сделать атомную энергию безопаснее.
journal that looks at it --
пишущим об этом,
from the British journal, "Lancet,"
проведённому Lancet,
journals in the world --
британских журналов,
to make reliable power.
finds the same thing:
is caused by people panicking,
because they're afraid.
isn't actually caused by the machines
thing about the waste
we've ever made in the United States,
за всю историю США
people or doing something --
чем-то им вредит.
there, it's just being monitored.
control from energy production --
отходы от производства энергии
seven million people a year,
от них умирают 7 млн человек в год,
levels of global warming.
на глобальное потепление.
good at using that waste as fuel,
использовать ядерные отходы как топливо,
some fuel left over.
people that think it's a big problem
считающие это проблемой,
as much to do with the actual waste
никакого отношения к отходам,
is that we can't find any examples
что мы не можем найти примеров того,
of nuclear weapons
ядерного оружия —
the world rid of nuclear weapons,
отказался от ядерного вооружения,
a lot more nuclear power.
kind of pulled me aside,
отвёл меня в сторону
I appreciate your interest
я ценю ваш интерес
supply technologies,
enough global demand.
these machines on assembly lines,
массовое производство реакторов,
people that want them."
которым они нужны».
and efficiency and conservation.
повышать эффективность и беречь природу.
nuclear programs.
of money we're spending on it.
объём инвестиций в эти сферы.
the climate crisis,
of the clean energy crisis
кризиса чистой энергии
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Shellenberger - Climate policy expertMichael Shellenberger is a global thinker on energy, technology and the environment.
Why you should listen
Michael Shellenberger is co-founder and Senior Fellow at the Breakthrough Institute, where he was president from 2003 to 2015, and a co-author of the Ecomodernist Manifesto.
Over the last decade, Shellenberger and his colleagues have constructed a new paradigm that views prosperity, cheap energy and nuclear power as the keys to environmental progress. A book he co-wrote (with Ted Nordhaus) in 2007, Break Through: From the Death of Environmentalism to the Politics of Possibility, was called by Wired magazine "the best thing to happen to environmentalism since Rachel Carson's Silent Spring," while Time magazine called him a "hero of the environment." In the 1990s, he helped protect the last significant groves of old-growth redwoods still in private hands and bring about labor improvements to Nike factories in Asia.
Michael Shellenberger | Speaker | TED.com