TEDWomen 2010
Beverly + Dereck Joubert: Life lessons from big cats
Beverly + Dereck Joubert: Životné lekcie od veľkých mačiek
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Beverly + Dereck Joubert žijú v buši, filmujú a fotografujú levy a leopardy v ich prirodzenom prostredí. Prostredníctvom ohromujúceho filmového materiálu (ktorého časť ešte nebola publikovaná) hovoria o svojom osobnom vzťahu k týmto majestátnym zvieratám -- a o svojej výprave za záchranou veľkých mačiek pred ľudskými hrozbami.
Beverly + Dereck Joubert - Conservationists, filmmakers
Documentary filmmakers Beverly and Dereck Joubert have worked to conserve wildlife for more than 25 years. As National Geographic Explorers in Residence, the couple influences public policy and perceptions. Full bio
Documentary filmmakers Beverly and Dereck Joubert have worked to conserve wildlife for more than 25 years. As National Geographic Explorers in Residence, the couple influences public policy and perceptions. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Beverly Joubert: We are truly passionate
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Beverly Joubert: Africká divočina
00:17
about the African wilderness
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a jej ochrana je
00:19
and protecting the African wilderness,
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našou skutočnou vášňou.
00:21
and so what we've done
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A preto sme sa sústredili
00:23
is we've focused on iconic cats.
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na ikonické mačkovité šelmy.
00:26
And I know,
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Viem,
00:28
in the light of human suffering and poverty
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vo svetle ľudského utrpenia a chudoby
00:30
and even climate change,
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dokonca aj klimatických zmien,
00:32
one would wonder,
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sa niekto môže čudovať,
00:34
why worry about a few cats?
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prečo si robiť starosti pre pár mačiek?
00:37
Well today we're here
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Dnes sme tu,
00:39
to share with you a message that we have learned
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aby sme sa s vami podelili o to, čo sme sa naučili
00:41
from a very important and special character --
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od veľmi dôležitej a neobyčajnej postavy --
00:44
this leopard.
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od tohoto leoparda.
00:46
Dereck Joubert: Well, our lives have basically been
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Dereck Joubert: Naše životy sa v podstate podobali
00:49
like a super long episode of "CSI" --
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super dlhej epizóde „CSI“ --
00:51
something like 28 years.
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po dobu asi 28 rokov.
00:54
In essence, what we've done
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Čo sme v podstate robili, bolo
00:56
is we've studied the science, we've looked at the behavior,
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štúdium vedy, pozorovanie správania,
00:58
we've seen over 2,000 kills
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videli sme vyše 2000 zabití
01:00
by these amazing animals.
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týmito úžasnými zvieratami.
01:03
But one of the things that science really lets us down on
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Avšak jedna vec, v ktorej nás veda zrádza,
01:06
is that personality,
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je osobnosť,
01:08
that individual personality that these animals have.
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individuálna osobnosť, ktorú tieto zvieratá majú.
01:12
And here's a prime example.
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A tu je najlepší príklad.
01:14
We found this leopard in a 2,000-year-old
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Tohoto leoparda sme našli v 2000 rokov starom
01:16
baobab tree in Africa,
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baobabe v Afrike,
01:18
the same tree that we found her mother in
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v tom istom ako aj jej mamu
01:20
and her grandmother.
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a starú mamu.
01:22
And she took us on a journey
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A vzala nás na cestu
01:25
and revealed something very special to us --
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a vyjavila nám niečo pre nás mimoriadne --
01:28
her own daughter, eight days old.
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svoju vlastnú osem dňovú dcéru.
01:30
And the minute we found this leopard,
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Vo chvíli, keď sme objavili tohoto leoparda,
01:32
we realized that we needed to move in,
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sme si uvedomili, že sa musíme prisťahovať.
01:34
and so we basically stayed with this leopard
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V podstate sme s týmto leopardom zostali
01:36
for the next four-and-a-half years --
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počas nasledujúceho štyri a pol roka --
01:38
following her every day,
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nasledovali sme ju každý deň,
01:40
getting to know her,
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postupne sme odhaľovali
01:42
that individual personality of hers,
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jej osobnosť,
01:44
and really coming to know her.
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skutočne sme ju spoznávali.
01:46
Now I'm destined
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Som predurčený na to,
01:49
to spend a lot of time
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aby som strávil mnoho času
01:51
with some unique,
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s unikátnymi,
01:53
very, very special,
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veľmi, veľmi neobyčajnými,
01:55
individualistic
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jedinečnými
01:57
and often seductive female characters.
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a často zvodnými samicami.
02:00
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
02:02
Beverly's clearly one of them,
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Beverly je samozrejme jednou z nich,
02:05
and this little leopard, Legadema, is another,
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a tento malý leopard, Legadema, je druhou,
02:08
and she changed our lives.
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a ona zmenila naše životy.
02:10
BJ: Well we certainly did spend a lot of time with her --
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BJ: Rozhodne sme s ňou strávili mnoho času --
02:13
in fact, more time than even her mother did.
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v skutočnosti dokonca viac ako jej matka.
02:15
When her mother would go off hunting,
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Keď jej matka odišla na lov,
02:17
we would stay and film.
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my sme zostali a natáčali.
02:19
And early on, a lightning bolt hit a tree
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Ešte na začiatku udrel do stromu blesk,
02:22
20 paces away from us.
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len 20 krokov od nás.
02:24
It was frightening,
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Bolo to desivé.
02:26
and it showered us with leaves and a pungent smell.
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Pokropilo nás to listami a štipľavým zápachom.
02:29
And of course, we were stunned for a while,
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Samozrejme sme chvíľu len stáli,
02:31
but when we managed to get our wits about us,
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ale keď sme sa pozbierali,
02:34
we looked at it and said, "My gosh,
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pozreli sme sa a povedali: „Bože,
02:36
what's going to happen with that little cub?
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čo sa len stane s tým mláďaťom?
02:38
She's probably going to forever associate
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Pravdepodobne si navždy spojí
02:40
that deafening crash with us."
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ten ohlušujúci tresk s nami.“
02:43
Well, we needn't have worried.
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Nemuseli sme sa obávať.
02:45
She came charging out of the thicket straight towards us,
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Vyšla z húštiny priamo smerom k nám,
02:48
sat next to us, shivering,
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posadila sa vedľa nás, chvejúc sa,
02:51
with her back towards Dereck, and looking out.
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chrbtom k Dereckovi a rozhliadala sa.
02:54
And actually from that day on,
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V skutočnosti sa od toho dňa
02:56
she's been comfortable with us.
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s nami cítila príjemne.
02:58
So we felt that that day
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Cítili sme, že tento deň
03:00
was the day that she really earned her name.
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bol dňom, keď si naozaj zaslúžila svoje meno.
03:02
We called her Legadema,
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Volali sme ju Legadema,
03:04
which means, "light from the sky."
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čo znamená „svetlo z neba“.
03:07
DJ: Now we've found these individualisms
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DJ: Objavili sme tieto individuality
03:09
in all sorts of animals,
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u mnohých druhov zvierat,
03:11
in particular in the cats.
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obzvlášť u mačkovitých.
03:13
This particular one is called Eetwidomayloh,
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Konkrétne tento sa volá Eetwidomayloh,
03:15
"he who greets with fire,"
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„Ten, čo sa víta s ohňom“.
03:17
and you can just see that about him, you know -- that's his character.
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A môžete to na ňom proste vidieť – je to jeho povaha.
03:20
But only by getting up close to these animals
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Avšak len priblížením sa k týmto zvieratám
03:22
and spending time with them
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a trávením času s nimi
03:24
can we actually even reach out
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sa môžeme s nimi zoznámiť,
03:26
and dig out these personal characters that they have.
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a objaviť ich povahy.
03:28
BJ: But through our investigation,
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BJ: Behom nášho výskumu,
03:30
we have to seek the wildest places in Africa.
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vyhľadávame najdivokejšie miesta v Afrike.
03:33
And right now this is in the Okavango Delta
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A toto je v delte Okavanga
03:35
in Botswana.
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v Botswane.
03:37
Yes, it is swamp. We live in the swamp in a tent,
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Áno, je to močiar. Žijeme v močiari pod stanom.
03:40
but I must tell you, every day is exhilarating.
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Ale musím vám povedať, že každý deň je úžasný.
03:43
But also, our hearts are in our throats
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Ale srdcia máme
03:45
a huge amount of the time,
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často v krku,
03:47
because we're driving through water,
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pretože jazdíme cez vodu,
03:49
and it's an unknown territory.
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čo je neznáme územie.
03:51
But we're really there
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Ale skutočne sme tam,
03:53
seeking and searching and filming the iconic cats.
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hľadáme a pátrame a natáčame ikonické mačkovité šelmy.
03:56
DJ: Now one of the big things, of course,
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DJ: Teraz jedna z veľkých vecí.
03:58
everybody knows that cats hate water,
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Všetci vedia, že mačky neznášajú vodu.
04:01
and so this was a real revelation for us.
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Toto bol pre nás skutočný objav.
04:03
And we could only find this by pushing ourselves,
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Mohli sme ho urobiť len tak, že sme sa prinútili
04:06
by going where no sane person should go --
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ísť tam, kam by žiadny súdny človek nešiel --
04:11
not without some prompting, by the way, from Beverly --
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mimochodom, nebolo to bez Beverlinho upozornenia --
04:14
and just pushing the envelope,
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proste priekopnícky,
04:16
going out there, pushing our vehicle, pushing ourselves.
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išli sme tam, tlačili sme dopredu naše vozidlo, nútili sme seba.
04:19
But we've managed to find that these lions
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Avšak podarilo sa nám zistiť, že tieto levy
04:21
are 15 percent bigger than any others,
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sú o 15 percent väčšie ako akékoľvek iné,
04:23
and they specialize in hunting buffalo in the water.
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a špecializujú sa na lov byvolov vo vode.
04:27
BJ: And then of course, the challenge
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BJ: A potom je samozrejme výzvou
04:29
is knowing when to turn around.
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vedieť, kedy sa obrátiť naspäť.
04:32
We don't always get that right,
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Nie vždy sa nám to podarilo.
04:34
and on this particular day,
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V tento konkrétny deň,
04:36
we seriously underestimated the depth.
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sme vážne podcenili hĺbku.
04:39
We got deeper and deeper,
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Potápali sme sa hlbšie a hlbšie,
04:41
until it was at Dereck's chest-height.
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až to bolo po Dereckovu hruď.
04:43
Well then we hit a deep depression,
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Potom sme narazili na hlbokú priehlbinu,
04:46
and we seriously submerged the vehicle.
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a poriadne sme potopili vozidlo.
04:49
We actually managed to drown
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V skutočnosti sa nám podarilo utopiť
04:51
two million dollars' worth of camera gear.
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filmárske vybavenie za 2 milióny dolárov.
04:54
We drowned our pride, I must tell you,
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Utopili sme našu pýchu, hovorím vám,
04:56
which was really serious,
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bolo to naozaj vážne,
04:58
and we seized the engine.
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a zadreli sme motor.
05:01
DJ: And of course, one of the rules that we have in the vehicle
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DJ: Samozrejme, jedným pravidlom vo vozidle je,
05:03
is that he who drowns the vehicle
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že ten, kto potopí vozidlo,
05:05
gets to swim with the crocodiles.
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musí plávať s krokodílmi.
05:07
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
05:09
You will notice also that all of these images here
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Tiež si všimnite, že všetky tieto zábery
05:11
are taken from the top angle by Beverly --
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urobila z horného uhla Beverly --
05:13
the dry top angle, by the way.
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mimochodom, zo suchého horného uhla.
05:15
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
05:18
But all the places we get stuck in really have great views.
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Ale výhľady z miest, kde sme sa zasekli, sú veľkolepé.
05:21
And it wasn't a moment, and these lions came back towards us,
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Netrvalo to ani chvíľku a levy sa vracali k nám,
05:24
and Beverly was able to get a great photograph.
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a Beverly mohla urobiť ohromnú fotku.
05:26
BJ: But we truly do
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BJ: Skutočne trávime
05:28
spend day and night
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dni a noci pokúšajúc sa
05:30
trying to capture unique footage.
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zachytiť unikátne zábery.
05:32
And 20 years ago,
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Pred 20-timi rokmi
05:34
we did a film called "Eternal Enemies"
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sme urobili film s názvom „Veční nepriatelia“,
05:36
where we managed to capture
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kde sa nám podarilo zachytiť
05:38
this unusual disturbing behavior across two species --
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toto nezvyčajné, znepokojujúce správanie dvoch druhov --
05:41
lions and hyenas.
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levov a hyen.
05:43
And surprisingly, it became a cult film.
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Prekvapujúco sa to stalo kultovým filmom.
05:46
And we can only work that out
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Môžeme si domyslieť,
05:48
as people were seeing parallels
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že ľudia videli paralely
05:50
between the thuggish side of nature
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medzi hrdloreznou stránkou prírody
05:53
and gang warfare.
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a vojnou gangov.
05:55
DJ: It was amazing, because you can see that this lion
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DJ: Bolo to úžasné, pretože tento lev
05:58
is doing exactly what his name,
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robí presne to, čo predstavuje
06:00
Eetwidomayloh, represents.
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jeho meno Eetwidomayloh.
06:02
He's focused on this hyena,
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Sústreďuje sa na túto hyenu
06:04
and he is going to get it.
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a ide sa jej zmocniť.
06:07
(Animal sounds)
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(Zvieracie zvuky)
06:11
But that's, I think, what this is all about,
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Myslím, že o tom to celé vlastne je,
06:14
is that these individuals have these personalities and characters.
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tieto jedince majú osobnosti a povahy.
06:17
But for us to get them, not only do we push ourselves,
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Ale aby sme ich pochopili, nielenže sa premáhame,
06:20
but we live by certain rules of engagement,
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ale aj žijeme podľa istých pravidiel,
06:23
which mean we can't interfere.
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čiže nemôžeme zasahovať.
06:25
This sort of behavior has been going on
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Takéto správanie tu bolo
06:27
for three, four, five million years,
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tri, štyri, päť miliónov rokov,
06:29
and we can't step in and say, "That's wrong, and that's right."
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nemôžeme zakročiť a povedať "Toto je nesprávne, toto správne."
06:32
But that's not always easy for us.
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Nie je to však pre nás vždy ľahké.
06:35
BJ: So, as Dereck says,
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BJ: Ako hovorí Dereck,
06:37
we have to work through extremes --
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musíme zdolať extrémy --
06:39
extreme temperatures, push ourselves at night.
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extrémne teploty, premáhať sa v noci.
06:41
Sleep deprivation is extreme.
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Nedostatok spánku je extrémny.
06:44
We're on the edge
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Sme na hrane
06:46
through a large part of the time.
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veľmi často.
06:48
But, for 10 years, we tried to capture
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10 rokov sme sa pokúšali zachytiť
06:50
lions and elephants together --
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levy a slony pohromade --
06:53
and never ever managed
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a nikdy sa nepodarilo
06:55
until this particular night.
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až do tejto osobitej noci.
06:58
And I have to tell you
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Musím Vám povedať,
07:00
that it was a disturbing night for me.
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že to pre mňa bola ťažká noc.
07:02
I had tears rolling down my cheeks.
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Slzy sa mi kotúľali dole lícami.
07:04
I was shaking with anxiety,
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Triasla som sa od úzkosti.
07:07
but I knew that [I had] to capture something
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Vedela som však, že zachytávame niečo
07:09
that had never been seen before, had never been documented.
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nikdy predtým nevídané, nikdy nezdokumentované.
07:12
And I do believe you should stay with us.
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Som presvedčená, že by ste mali s nami zostať.
07:16
DJ: The amazing thing about these moments --
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DJ: Ohromujúce na týchto chvíľach je --
07:18
and this is probably a highlight of our career --
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a je to asi vrchol našej kariéry --
07:21
is that you never know how it's going to end.
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že nikdy neviete, ako to skončí.
07:30
Many people believe, in fact,
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Mnohí ľudia v skutočnosti veria,
07:32
that death begins in the eyes, not in the heart,
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že smrť začína v očiach, nie v srdci,
07:34
not in the lungs,
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nie v pľúcach.
07:36
and that's when people give up hope,
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Vtedy sa ľudia vzdajú nádeje
07:38
or when any life form gives up hope.
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alebo akákoľvek forma života sa vzdá nádeje.
07:40
And you can see the start of it here.
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Tu môžete vidieť jej začiatok.
07:44
This elephant, against overwhelming odds,
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Tento slon proti drvivej prevahe,
07:47
simply gives up hope.
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jednoducho stráca nádej.
08:01
But by the same token,
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Rovnako však môžete
08:04
you can get your hope back again.
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nádej získať zas naspäť.
08:08
So just when you think it's all over, something else happens,
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Práve keď si myslíte, že je po všetkom, stane sa niečo iné,
08:11
some spark gets into you,
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vzbĺkne vo vás iskra,
08:13
some sort of will to fight --
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vôľa bojovať --
08:16
that iron will that we all have,
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železná vôľa, akú všetci máme,
08:18
that this elephant has,
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akú má tento slon,
08:20
that conservation has, that big cats have.
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akú majú veľké mačky, akú majú ochranári.
08:23
Everything has that will to survive,
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Všetko má túto vôľu prežiť,
08:26
to fight, to push through that mental barrier
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bojovať, premôcť tú mentálnu bariéru
08:28
and to keep going.
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a stále pokračovať.
08:31
And for us, in many ways,
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Pre nás sa v mnohých smeroch
08:33
this elephant has become
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tento slon stal
08:35
a symbol of inspiration for us,
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symbolom inšpirácie
08:37
a symbol of that hope as we go forward in our work.
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a symbolom tej nádeje v našej pokračujúcej práci.
08:40
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
08:51
Now back to the leopard.
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Teraz späť k leopardovi.
08:53
We were spending so much time with this leopard
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Trávili sme s týmto leopardom tak veľa času
08:55
and getting to understand her individualism,
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a porozumievali jej jedinečnosti,
08:57
her personal character,
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jej osobným črtám,
08:59
that maybe we were taking it a little bit far.
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že sme to možno trochu prehnali.
09:02
We were perhaps taking her for granted,
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Možno sme ju pokladali za samozrejmosť,
09:04
and maybe she didn't like that that much.
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čo sa jej až tak nepáčilo.
09:06
This is about couples working together,
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Je to o práci v páre
09:08
and so I do need to say that within the vehicle
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a musím povedať, že vo vozidle
09:11
we have quite strict territories, Beverly and I.
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máme Beverly a ja dosť striktné teritóriá.
09:14
Beverly sits on the one side
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Beverly sedí na jednej strane,
09:16
where all her camera gear is,
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kde je všetko kamerové vybavenie
09:18
and I'm on the other side where my space is.
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a ja som na druhej strane, kde je moje miesto.
09:21
These are precious to us, these divides.
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Toto rozdelenie je pre nás cenné.
09:24
BJ: But when this little cub saw
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BJ: Ale keď toto mláďa videlo,
09:26
that I had vacated my seat
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že som opustila svoje miesto
09:28
and climbed to the back to get some camera gear,
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a vliezla dozadu pre nejaké vybavenie,
09:30
she came in like a curious cat
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vošla ako zvedavá mačka
09:32
to come and investigate.
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na prieskum.
09:34
It was phenomenal, and we felt grateful
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Bolo to fenomenálne a cítili sme sa vďační,
09:37
that she trusted us to that extent.
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že nám do takej miery dôverovala.
09:39
But at the same time, we were concerned
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Súčasne sme sa však obávali,
09:41
that if she created this as a habit
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že ak sa to pre ňu stane zvykom
09:43
and jumped into somebody else's car,
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a skočila by niekomu inému do auta,
09:45
it might not turn out the same way --
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nemusí to vypáliť rovnako --
09:47
she might get shot for that.
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môžu ju za to zastreliť.
09:49
So we knew we had to react quickly.
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Vedeli sme, že musíme zareagovať rýchlo.
09:52
And the only way we thought we could
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Mysleli sme, že jediný spôsob
09:55
without scaring her
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bez toho, aby sme ju vydesili
09:57
is to try and simulate a growl like her mother would make --
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je pokúsiť sa napodobniť vrčanie jej matky --
09:59
a hiss and a sound.
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syčanie a hluk.
10:01
So Dereck turned on the heater fan in the car --
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Dereck zapol ventilátor kúrenia v aute --
10:03
very innovative.
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veľmi inovatívne.
10:05
DJ: It was the only way for me to save the marriage,
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DJ: Bol to jediný spôsob ako zachrániť manželstvo,
10:07
because Beverly felt she was being replaced, you see.
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pretože Beverly sa cítila, akoby som ju vymenil, ako vidíte.
10:09
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
10:12
But really and truly, this was how
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Ale toto bol spôsob,
10:14
this little leopard was displaying
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ako tento malý leopard prejavoval
10:16
her individual personality.
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svoju individuálnu osobnosť.
10:18
But nothing prepared us
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Avšak nič nás nepripravilo
10:20
for what happened next in our relationship with her,
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na to, čo sa ďalej stalo v našom vzťahu s ňou,
10:22
when she started hunting.
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keď začala loviť.
10:24
BJ: And on this first hunt, we truly were excited.
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BJ: Na prvom love sme skutočne boli vzrušení.
10:27
It was like watching a graduation ceremony.
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Bolo to ako sledovať promóciu.
10:29
We felt like we were surrogate parents.
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Cítili sme sa ako náhradní rodičia.
10:31
And of course, we knew now
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Vtedy sme pravdaže vedeli,
10:33
that she was going to survive.
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že prežije.
10:35
But only when we saw the tiny baby baboon
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Avšak len keď sme videli maličkého paviána
10:38
clinging to the mother's fur
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túliaceho sa k matkinmu kožuchu,
10:40
did we realize that something very unique
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zistili sme, že sa s Legademou
10:42
was taking place here with Legadema.
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deje niečo veľmi neobvyklé.
10:45
And of course, the baby baboon was so innocent,
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Mladý pavián bol samozrejme také neviniatko,
10:48
it didn't turn and run.
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neotočil sa a neušiel.
10:50
So what we watched
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Čiže čo sme pozorovali
10:52
over the next couple of hours
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behom nasledujúcich niekoľkých hodín
10:54
was very unique.
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bolo veľmi neobvyklé.
10:57
It was absolutely amazing
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Bolo to absolútne úžasné,
10:59
when she picked it up to safety,
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keď ho vzala do bezpečia,
11:01
protecting it from the hyena.
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chrániac ho pred hyenou.
11:04
And over the next five hours,
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Počas nasledujúcich piatich hodín
11:07
she took care of it.
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sa o neho starala.
11:09
We realized that we actually don't know everything,
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Zistili sme, že vlastne nevieme všetko
11:12
and that nature is so unpredictable,
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a príroda je tak nepredvídateľná,
11:16
we have to be open at all times.
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že musíme byť stále otvorení.
11:19
DJ: Okay, so she was a little bit rough.
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DJ: OK, bola trochu drsná.
11:21
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
11:26
But in fact,
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Čo sme sledovali,
11:30
what we were seeing here was interesting.
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bolo v skutočnosti veľmi zaujímavé.
11:33
Because she is a cub wanting to play,
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Pretože je to mláďa, ktoré sa chce hrať,
11:36
but she was also a predator needing to kill,
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ale aj predátor s potrebou zabíjať,
11:39
and yet conflicted in some way,
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avšak nejakým spôsobom
11:41
because she was also an emerging mother.
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sa v nej objavovala aj matka.
11:44
She had this maternal instinct,
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Mala materský inštinkt,
11:46
much like a young girl on her way to womanhood,
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podobne ako mladé dievča na ceste k dospelosti.
11:50
and so this really took us to this new level
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Posunulo nás to na novú úroveň
11:53
of understanding that personality.
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porozumenia tejto osobnosti.
11:58
BJ: And of course, through the night, they lay together.
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BJ: V noci samozrejme ležali spolu.
12:01
They ended up sleeping for hours.
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Spali hodiny.
12:03
But I have to tell you --
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Musím vám povedať --
12:05
everybody always asks, "What happened to the baby baboon?"
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každý sa vždy pýta: "Čo sa stalo s tým paviánom?"
12:07
It did die,
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Zahynulo.
12:09
and we suspect it was from the freezing winter nights.
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Domnievame sa, že za to mohli mrazivé zimné noci.
12:13
DJ: So at this stage, I guess,
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DJ: Myslím, že v tejto fáze
12:15
we had very, very firm ideas
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sme mali veľmi, veľmi pevné predstavy
12:17
on what conservation meant.
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o význame ochrany prírody.
12:19
We had to deal with these individual personalities.
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Museli sme zaobchádzať s týmito individuálnymi osobnosťami.
12:22
We had to deal with them with respect
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Museli sme s nimi zaobchádzať s rešpektom
12:25
and celebrate them.
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a oslavovať ich.
12:27
And so we, with the National Geographic, formed the Big Cats Initiative
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A tak sme spolu s National Geographic založili "The Big Cats Initiative",
12:30
to march forward into conservation,
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aby sme sa pustili do ochrany
12:32
taking care of the big cats that we loved --
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a starali sa o veľké mačky, ktoré milujeme --
12:34
and then had an opportunity to look back over the last 50 years
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a potom sa mohli obzrieť na uplynulých 50 rokov
12:37
to see how well we had all collectively been doing.
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a vidieť, ako dobre sa nám všetkým spolu darilo.
12:40
So when Beverly and I were born,
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Keď sme sa Beverly a ja narodili,
12:42
there were 450,000 lions,
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žilo 450 000 levov,
12:44
and today there are 20,000.
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dnes ich je 20 000.
12:47
Tigers haven't fared any better --
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Tigrom sa nedarilo o nič lepšie --
12:49
45,000
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45 000
12:51
down to maybe 3,000.
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na možno 3000.
12:53
BJ: And then cheetahs have crashed
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BJ: Gepardy padli
12:55
all the way down to 12,000.
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až na 12 000.
12:57
Leopards have plummeted
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Leopardy zleteli
12:59
from 700,000
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zo 700 000
13:01
down to a mere 50,000.
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na iba 50 000.
13:03
Now in the extraordinary time
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Počas toho výnimočného obdobia,
13:05
that we have worked with Legadema --
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keď sme pracovali s Legademou,
13:07
which is really over a five-year period --
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čo je v skutočnosti vyše päťročné obdobie --
13:09
10,000 leopards were legally shot
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bolo lovcami na safari legálne zastrelených
13:12
by safari hunters.
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10 000 leopardov.
13:14
And that's not the only leopards
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A to nie sú jediné leopardy
13:16
that were being killed through that period.
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zabité počas tohoto obdobia.
13:18
There's an immense amount of poaching as well,
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Pytliactvo má tiež nesmierny rozsah.
13:21
and so possibly the same amount.
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Možno dosahuje rovnaké množstvo.
13:23
It's simply not sustainable.
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Jednoducho to nie je udržateľné.
13:25
We admire them,
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Obdivujeme ich
13:27
and we fear them,
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a bojíme sa ich.
13:29
and yet, as man, we want to steal their power.
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A aj tak im my ľudia chceme ukradnúť ich moc.
13:34
It used to be the time
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Boli časy,
13:36
where only kings wore a leopard skin,
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keď nosili leopardiu kožu len králi,
13:39
but now throughout rituals and ceremonies,
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ale teraz ich nosia na rituáloch a ceremóniách
13:41
traditional healers and ministers.
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aj tradiční liečitelia a duchovní.
13:44
And of course, looking at this lion paw
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Pohľad na túto z kože stiahnutú
13:47
that has been skinned,
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leviu labu
13:49
it eerily reminds me
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mi desivo pripomína
13:51
of a human hand,
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ľudskú ruku.
13:53
and that's ironic, because their fate is in our hands.
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Je to ironické, pretože ich osud je v našich rukách.
13:56
DJ: There's a burgeoning bone trade.
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DJ: Obchod s kosťami rozkvitá.
13:58
South Africa just released some lion bones onto the market.
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Južná Afrika práve uvoľnila nejaké levie kosti na trh.
14:01
Lion bones and tiger bones look exactly the same,
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Levie a tigrie kosti vypadajú úplne rovnako,
14:04
and so in a stroke, the lion bone industry
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a tak priemysel s levími kosťami razom
14:07
is going to wipe out all the tigers.
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vymetie všetky tigre.
14:10
So we have a real problem here,
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Čiže tu máme skutočný problém,
14:12
no more so than the lions do, the male lions.
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ale nie väčší ako levy, leví samci.
14:15
So the 20,000 lion figure that you just saw
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Údaj 20 000 levov, ktorý ste práve videli
14:18
is actually a red herring,
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je v skutočnosti zavádzajúci,
14:20
because there may be 3,000 or 4,000 male lions,
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pretože žije asi tri- alebo štyritisíc levích samcov
14:23
and they all are actually
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a tie sú v skutočnosti nakazené
14:25
infected with the same disease.
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tou istou chorobou.
14:27
I call it complacency --
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Nazývam ju samoľúbosť --
14:29
our complacency.
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naša samoľúbosť.
14:31
Because there's a sport, there's an activity going on
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Pretože existuje šport, je tu aktivita,
14:34
that we're all aware of, that we condone.
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ktorú sme všetci prehliadali.
14:40
And that's probably because we haven't seen it
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Pravdepodobne je to tým, že sme ju nevnímali
14:42
like we are today.
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tak ako dnes.
14:46
BJ: And you have to know
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BJ: Mali by ste vedieť,
14:48
that, when a male lion is killed,
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že zabitím samca
14:50
it completely disrupts the whole pride.
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sa úplne naruší celá svorka.
14:53
A new male comes into the area
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Do oblasti prichádza nový samec
14:55
and takes over the pride,
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a preberá svorku,
14:57
and, of course, first of all kills all the cubs
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a, pravdaže, najprv zabije všetky mláďatá,
15:00
and possibly some of the females that are defending their cubs.
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prípadne aj samice obraňujúce svoje mladé.
15:03
So we've estimated
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Odhadli sme,
15:05
that between 20 [and] 30 lions are killed
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že je zabitých 20 až 30 levov,
15:08
when one lion is hanging on a wall
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keď niekde vo vzdialenom mieste
15:11
somewhere in a far-off place.
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visí na stene jeden lev.
15:13
DJ: So what our investigations have shown
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DJ: Naše výskumy teda ukázali,
15:15
is that these lions are essential.
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že tieto levy sú nepostrádateľné.
15:17
They're essential to the habitat.
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Sú nepostrádateľné pre svoje prostredie.
15:19
If they disappear,
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Ak vymiznú,
15:21
whole ecosystems in Africa disappear.
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v Afrike vymiznú celé ekosystémy.
15:24
There's an 80-billion-dollar-a-year
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Ročne prúdi do Afriky
15:26
ecotourism revenue stream into Africa.
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80 miliárd dolárov z ekoturizmu.
15:29
So this is not just a concern about lions;
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Netýka sa to teda len levov,
15:32
it's a concern about communities in Africa as well.
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ale aj komunít v Afrike.
15:35
If they disappear, all of that goes away.
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Ak vymiznú, všetko toto zmizne s nimi.
15:38
But what I'm more concerned about in many ways
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Čo ma však znepokojuje viac je,
15:41
is that, as we de-link ourselves from nature,
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že tým, ako sa odpútavame od prírody,
15:44
as we de-link ourselves spiritually
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ako sa od týchto zvierat
15:46
from these animals,
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odpútavame duchovne
15:48
we lose hope,
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strácame nádej,
15:51
we lose that spiritual connection,
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strácame duchovné spojenie,
15:54
our dignity, that thing within us
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svoju dôstojnosť, tú vec v nás,
15:57
that keeps us connected to the planet.
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ktorá nás udržuje v spojení s planétou.
15:59
BJ: So you have to know, looking into the eyes
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BJ: Musíte si práve teraz uvedomiť,
16:02
of lions and leopards right now,
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pozerajúc sa do očí levov a leopardov,
16:05
it is all about critical awareness.
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že je to o kritickom vedomí.
16:07
And so what we are doing,
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A tak vo februári,
16:09
in February, we're bringing out a film called "The Last Lion,"
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prinášame film s názvom "Posledný lev".
16:12
and "The Last Lion" is exactly
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"Posledný lev" je presne to,
16:14
what is happening right now.
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čo sa práve teraz deje.
16:16
That is the situation we're in --
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Je to situácia, v akej sa nachádzame --
16:18
the last lions.
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posledné levy.
16:20
That is, if we don't take action and do something,
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Čiže ak niečo nepodnikneme,
16:22
these plains will be completely devoid
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pláne budú úplne
16:24
of big cats,
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bez veľkých mačiek,
16:26
and then, in turn, everything else will disappear.
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a následne všetko ostatné vymizne.
16:29
And simply, if we can't protect them,
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Jednoducho ak ich nevieme ochrániť,
16:31
we're going to have a job protecting ourselves as well.
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budeme musieť ochraňovať aj seba.
16:34
DJ: And in fact, that original thing that we spoke about
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DJ: Vec, o ktorej sme pôvodne hovorili
16:37
and designed our lives by --
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a podľa nej plánovali svoje životy --
16:39
that conservation was all about respect
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že ochrana je o rešpekte
16:41
and celebration --
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a oslavovaní --
16:43
is probably true. That's really what it needs.
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je pravdepodobne pravdivá; naozaj je to to potrebné.
16:46
We need it. We respect and celebrate each other
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Potrebujeme to. Rešpektujeme sa navzájom
16:49
as a man and a woman, as a community
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ako muž a žena, ako komunita
16:52
and as part of this planet,
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a ako súčasť tejto planéty,
16:54
and we need to continue that.
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a musíme v tom pokračovať.
16:56
And Legadema?
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A Legadema?
16:58
Well we can report, in fact,
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No, môžeme povedať,
17:00
that we're grandparents.
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že sme starí rodičia.
17:02
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
17:04
BJ/DJ: Thank you very much.
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BJ/DJ: Ďakujeme.
17:06
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Beverly + Dereck Joubert - Conservationists, filmmakersDocumentary filmmakers Beverly and Dereck Joubert have worked to conserve wildlife for more than 25 years. As National Geographic Explorers in Residence, the couple influences public policy and perceptions.
Why you should listen
For nearly three decades, conservationists Beverly and Dereck Joubert have celebrated nature and wildlife in documentaries, books, scientific journals, photographs and magazine articles. The couple’s arresting visual work—which includes the widely viewed film Eternal Enemies: Lions and Hyena -- has earned them five Emmys and many other awards. The Jouberts, both National Geographic Explorers in Residence based in Botswana, are dedicated to understanding and preserving key species throughout the African continent. The couple is particularly interested in large predators, and lead the Big Cats Initiative, a campaign to stop dwindling populations and bolster public awareness.
Beverly and Dereck are also building a new model for preservation as partners in Great Plains Conservation. Striking a balance of preservation, community and commerce, GPC aims to save endangered habitats in Africa and surrounding the Indian Ocean through low-impact tourism and the sale of carbon credits and villas or bush homes.
Their new movie is The Last Lions, opening February 18, 2011.
Beverly + Dereck Joubert | Speaker | TED.com