TEDWomen 2010
Beverly + Dereck Joubert: Life lessons from big cats
Beverly + Dereck Joubert: “大猫们”的生命课堂
Filmed:
Readability: 3.9
962,232 views
Beverly Joubert和Dereck Joubert长期驻守在荒野中，在狮子和花豹的自然生境中对它们进行录影和拍摄。在这里，他们向我们展示了绝妙的画面（一些是我们从未见过的）。同时，本片讲述了他们与这些雄伟的动物间长期建立的关系——他们也呼吁人们挽救这些大型猫科动物，使它们免受人类的威胁。
Beverly + Dereck Joubert - Conservationists, filmmakers
Documentary filmmakers Beverly and Dereck Joubert have worked to conserve wildlife for more than 25 years. As National Geographic Explorers in Residence, the couple influences public policy and perceptions. Full bio
Documentary filmmakers Beverly and Dereck Joubert have worked to conserve wildlife for more than 25 years. As National Geographic Explorers in Residence, the couple influences public policy and perceptions. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Beverly Joubert: We are truly passionate
0
0
2000
Beverly Joubert (BJ)：我们真地非常热衷于
00:17
about the African wilderness
1
2000
2000
非洲荒原
00:19
and protecting the African wilderness,
2
4000
2000
及对这些荒原的保护。
00:21
and so what we've done
3
6000
2000
因此，一直以来，
00:23
is we've focused on iconic cats.
4
8000
3000
我们都在关注标志性的猫科动物。
00:26
And I know,
5
11000
2000
是的，我知道，
00:28
in the light of human suffering and poverty
6
13000
2000
面对人类困难和贫困，
00:30
and even climate change,
7
15000
2000
甚至气候变化，
00:32
one would wonder,
8
17000
2000
你或许会问，
00:34
why worry about a few cats?
9
19000
3000
何必要为几只猫而忧心忡忡？
00:37
Well today we're here
10
22000
2000
今天，在这里，我们
00:39
to share with you a message that we have learned
11
24000
2000
要和大家分享我们
00:41
from a very important and special character --
12
26000
3000
从一个非常重要而特殊的角色——
00:44
this leopard.
13
29000
2000
这只花豹——身上所学到的东西。
00:46
Dereck Joubert: Well, our lives have basically been
14
31000
3000
Dereck Joubert (DJ): 我们的生活基本上可以算是
00:49
like a super long episode of "CSI" --
15
34000
2000
一集超长的“犯罪现场调查（CSI）”——
00:51
something like 28 years.
16
36000
3000
大约长达28年之久。
00:54
In essence, what we've done
17
39000
2000
实质上，我们一直在做的事情包括：
00:56
is we've studied the science, we've looked at the behavior,
18
41000
2000
研究这门自然科学，观察（动物的）行为，
00:58
we've seen over 2,000 kills
19
43000
2000
并目睹了超过2000次
01:00
by these amazing animals.
20
45000
3000
由这些神奇的动物施行的猎杀。
01:03
But one of the things that science really lets us down on
21
48000
3000
但是，科学无法合理解释的
01:06
is that personality,
22
51000
2000
是个性，
01:08
that individual personality that these animals have.
23
53000
3000
这些动物的独特个性。
01:12
And here's a prime example.
24
57000
2000
这里有个最好的例子。
01:14
We found this leopard in a 2,000-year-old
25
59000
2000
在非洲一棵2000年
01:16
baobab tree in Africa,
26
61000
2000
的猴面包树上，我们发现了这只花豹。
01:18
the same tree that we found her mother in
27
63000
2000
在同一棵树上，我们也看到过她的母亲
01:20
and her grandmother.
28
65000
2000
和外祖母。
01:22
And she took us on a journey
29
67000
3000
她带我们踏上了一段旅程，
01:25
and revealed something very special to us --
30
70000
3000
向我们展示了非常特别的东西——
01:28
her own daughter, eight days old.
31
73000
2000
她的女儿，八天大。
01:30
And the minute we found this leopard,
32
75000
2000
在我们发现这只花豹的那一刻，
01:32
we realized that we needed to move in,
33
77000
2000
我们就意识到，我们需要进入她的生活。
01:34
and so we basically stayed with this leopard
34
79000
2000
于是，在接下来的四年半时间里，我们基本
01:36
for the next four-and-a-half years --
35
81000
2000
上与这只花豹在一起——
01:38
following her every day,
36
83000
2000
每天跟随她，观察她，
01:40
getting to know her,
37
85000
2000
开始了解她
01:42
that individual personality of hers,
38
87000
2000
和她的独特个性，
01:44
and really coming to know her.
39
89000
2000
并真正地认识她。
01:46
Now I'm destined
40
91000
3000
如今，命中注定，我
01:49
to spend a lot of time
41
94000
2000
要花大量的时间
01:51
with some unique,
42
96000
2000
与一些独特的、
01:53
very, very special,
43
98000
2000
极特立独行的、
01:55
individualistic
44
100000
2000
充满个性的、
01:57
and often seductive female characters.
45
102000
3000
通常也很性感的女性在一起。
02:00
(Laughter)
46
105000
2000
（观众笑声）
02:02
Beverly's clearly one of them,
47
107000
3000
Beverly当然是其中之一，
02:05
and this little leopard, Legadema, is another,
48
110000
3000
而这只小花豹，Legadema，则是另一位，
02:08
and she changed our lives.
49
113000
2000
她改变了我们的生活。
02:10
BJ: Well we certainly did spend a lot of time with her --
50
115000
3000
BJ: 我们的确花了很多时间和她在一起——
02:13
in fact, more time than even her mother did.
51
118000
2000
事实上，多过她母亲和她在一起的时间。
02:15
When her mother would go off hunting,
52
120000
2000
当她母亲出去猎食时，
02:17
we would stay and film.
53
122000
2000
我们会留下来陪她，并进行拍摄。
02:19
And early on, a lightning bolt hit a tree
54
124000
3000
刚和她相处不久，一道夹杂着雷鸣的闪电直劈在一棵
02:22
20 paces away from us.
55
127000
2000
离我们只有20步远的树上。
02:24
It was frightening,
56
129000
2000
当时的场景非常吓人。
02:26
and it showered us with leaves and a pungent smell.
57
131000
3000
树叶像雨点儿般落在我们头上，伴随着一股难闻的气味儿。
02:29
And of course, we were stunned for a while,
58
134000
2000
当然，有一阵我们吓蒙了。
02:31
but when we managed to get our wits about us,
59
136000
3000
但当我们回过神儿来，
02:34
we looked at it and said, "My gosh,
60
139000
2000
看着那边，说：“天呐，
02:36
what's going to happen with that little cub?
61
141000
2000
那只小花豹会怎么想？
02:38
She's probably going to forever associate
62
143000
2000
她可能会把那声震耳欲聋的雷鸣和
02:40
that deafening crash with us."
63
145000
3000
我们俩永远联系在一起。”
02:43
Well, we needn't have worried.
64
148000
2000
其实，我们的担心是多余的。
02:45
She came charging out of the thicket straight towards us,
65
150000
3000
她从树丛中出来，径直走向我们，
02:48
sat next to us, shivering,
66
153000
3000
在我们旁边坐下，瑟瑟发抖。
02:51
with her back towards Dereck, and looking out.
67
156000
3000
她背对着Dereck，四处张望。
02:54
And actually from that day on,
68
159000
2000
事实上，从那天起，
02:56
she's been comfortable with us.
69
161000
2000
她接纳了我们。
02:58
So we felt that that day
70
163000
2000
因此，我们觉得，就是在那天，
03:00
was the day that she really earned her name.
71
165000
2000
她真正获得了属于自己的名字。
03:02
We called her Legadema,
72
167000
2000
我们叫她“Legadema”，
03:04
which means, "light from the sky."
73
169000
3000
意思是“来自天空的闪电”。
03:07
DJ: Now we've found these individualisms
74
172000
2000
现在，我们已经在很多种动物身上发现了
03:09
in all sorts of animals,
75
174000
2000
类似的个性，
03:11
in particular in the cats.
76
176000
2000
尤其是猫科动物。
03:13
This particular one is called Eetwidomayloh,
77
178000
2000
这是Eetwidomayloh,
03:15
"he who greets with fire,"
78
180000
2000
意思是“烈焰腾腾”。
03:17
and you can just see that about him, you know -- that's his character.
79
182000
3000
看到它的样子你就能了解，你知道——这就是它的特点。
03:20
But only by getting up close to these animals
80
185000
2000
但是，只有贴近这些动物，
03:22
and spending time with them
81
187000
2000
和它们长期在一起，
03:24
can we actually even reach out
82
189000
2000
我们才可能真正接触
03:26
and dig out these personal characters that they have.
83
191000
2000
并挖掘出它们的这些个性。
03:28
BJ: But through our investigation,
84
193000
2000
BJ: 但是，在探索过程中，
03:30
we have to seek the wildest places in Africa.
85
195000
3000
我们必须找寻非洲最荒野的地方。
03:33
And right now this is in the Okavango Delta
86
198000
2000
这里是博茨瓦纳的Okavango
03:35
in Botswana.
87
200000
2000
三角洲。
03:37
Yes, it is swamp. We live in the swamp in a tent,
88
202000
3000
是的，这里是沼泽地。我们就住在沼泽地的一个帐篷里。
03:40
but I must tell you, every day is exhilarating.
89
205000
3000
但是，我必须告诉你们，这里的每一天都是激动人心的。
03:43
But also, our hearts are in our throats
90
208000
2000
但同时，大多数时间，我们都
03:45
a huge amount of the time,
91
210000
2000
提心吊胆，
03:47
because we're driving through water,
92
212000
2000
因为我们要开车涉水，
03:49
and it's an unknown territory.
93
214000
2000
在这片完全未知的领域。
03:51
But we're really there
94
216000
2000
但我们确实在那里
03:53
seeking and searching and filming the iconic cats.
95
218000
3000
找寻、跟踪并拍摄这些标志性的猫科动物。
03:56
DJ: Now one of the big things, of course,
96
221000
2000
DJ: 其中一个大的发现就是，当然，
03:58
everybody knows that cats hate water,
97
223000
3000
每个人都知道猫科动物不喜欢水。
04:01
and so this was a real revelation for us.
98
226000
2000
所以，这对我们来说这的是一个重大发现。
04:03
And we could only find this by pushing ourselves,
99
228000
3000
而想要有这个发现就必须逼迫自己，
04:06
by going where no sane person should go --
100
231000
3000
到疯子才会去的地方——
04:11
not without some prompting, by the way, from Beverly --
101
236000
3000
顺便说以句，Beverly起了很大的敦促作用——
04:14
and just pushing the envelope,
102
239000
2000
就这样突破极限，
04:16
going out there, pushing our vehicle, pushing ourselves.
103
241000
3000
深入沼泽，挑战汽车、逼迫自己。
04:19
But we've managed to find that these lions
104
244000
2000
终于，我们发现，这些狮子
04:21
are 15 percent bigger than any others,
105
246000
2000
比其他地方的狮子大15%，
04:23
and they specialize in hunting buffalo in the water.
106
248000
3000
它们擅长在水中猎食非洲水牛。
04:27
BJ: And then of course, the challenge
107
252000
2000
BJ: 当然，另一个考验
04:29
is knowing when to turn around.
108
254000
3000
在于要知道什么时候该掉头转向。
04:32
We don't always get that right,
109
257000
2000
对此，我们并非总能把握好。
04:34
and on this particular day,
110
259000
2000
尤其是这一天，
04:36
we seriously underestimated the depth.
111
261000
3000
我们严重低估了水深。
04:39
We got deeper and deeper,
112
264000
2000
我们越走越深，
04:41
until it was at Dereck's chest-height.
113
266000
2000
一直淹到了Dereck的胸口。
04:43
Well then we hit a deep depression,
114
268000
3000
随后，我们撞进一个很深的洼地，
04:46
and we seriously submerged the vehicle.
115
271000
3000
车子整个被淹没到水里。
04:49
We actually managed to drown
116
274000
2000
实际上，我们将
04:51
two million dollars' worth of camera gear.
117
276000
3000
价值200万美元的摄像器材浸没在水中。
04:54
We drowned our pride, I must tell you,
118
279000
2000
一同浸没的还有我们的骄傲，我不得不说，
04:56
which was really serious,
119
281000
2000
那次真的很严重，
04:58
and we seized the engine.
120
283000
3000
而且发动机抱缸了（基本等于报废）。
05:01
DJ: And of course, one of the rules that we have in the vehicle
121
286000
2000
DJ: 当然，我们车上的其中一条规章是，
05:03
is that he who drowns the vehicle
122
288000
2000
谁把车开到水里，
05:05
gets to swim with the crocodiles.
123
290000
2000
谁就下去和鳄鱼一起游泳。
05:07
(Laughter)
124
292000
2000
（观众笑声）
05:09
You will notice also that all of these images here
125
294000
2000
你们也会注意到所有这些图片
05:11
are taken from the top angle by Beverly --
126
296000
2000
都是Beverly从顶角拍的——
05:13
the dry top angle, by the way.
127
298000
2000
顺便说一句，是干燥的顶角。
05:15
(Laughter)
128
300000
3000
（观众笑声）
05:18
But all the places we get stuck in really have great views.
129
303000
3000
但是所有我们陷入困境的地方确实都会有令人叹为观止的景象。
05:21
And it wasn't a moment, and these lions came back towards us,
130
306000
3000
这样的事情发生过不止一次。这些狮子朝我们走来，
05:24
and Beverly was able to get a great photograph.
131
309000
2000
Beverly得以拍下绝佳的照片。
05:26
BJ: But we truly do
132
311000
2000
BJ: 我们确实
05:28
spend day and night
133
313000
2000
日夜努力，
05:30
trying to capture unique footage.
134
315000
2000
只为能够捕捉到独一无二的镜头。
05:32
And 20 years ago,
135
317000
2000
20年前，
05:34
we did a film called "Eternal Enemies"
136
319000
2000
我们拍摄了一部影片，叫“永恒的敌人”。
05:36
where we managed to capture
137
321000
2000
在这部影片中，我们捕捉到了
05:38
this unusual disturbing behavior across two species --
138
323000
3000
两种动物——狮子和土狼——之间令人异常不安
05:41
lions and hyenas.
139
326000
2000
的行为。
05:43
And surprisingly, it became a cult film.
140
328000
3000
令人惊讶的是，这部电影竟然成为了异教狂热片。
05:46
And we can only work that out
141
331000
2000
我们唯一能想到的理由就是，
05:48
as people were seeing parallels
142
333000
2000
人们看到了
05:50
between the thuggish side of nature
143
335000
3000
自然界中残忍杀戮与
05:53
and gang warfare.
144
338000
2000
黑帮火拼的相似之处。
05:55
DJ: It was amazing, because you can see that this lion
145
340000
3000
DJ: 真的很神奇，因为你能看到，这头雄狮
05:58
is doing exactly what his name,
146
343000
2000
确实如它名字Eetwidomayloh的含义一样，
06:00
Eetwidomayloh, represents.
147
345000
2000
杀气腾腾。
06:02
He's focused on this hyena,
148
347000
2000
它盯上了这只土狼，
06:04
and he is going to get it.
149
349000
3000
准备猎杀它。
06:07
(Animal sounds)
150
352000
4000
（动物嚎叫）
06:11
But that's, I think, what this is all about,
151
356000
3000
但我认为，这就是这部影片的目的所在，
06:14
is that these individuals have these personalities and characters.
152
359000
3000
即所有的这些动物都有它们自己的个性和特点。
06:17
But for us to get them, not only do we push ourselves,
153
362000
3000
而我们拍摄期间，不仅要挑战我们的底线，
06:20
but we live by certain rules of engagement,
154
365000
3000
还需遵循一定的“交战规则”——
06:23
which mean we can't interfere.
155
368000
2000
我们不能干涉。
06:25
This sort of behavior has been going on
156
370000
2000
这种行为已经存在了
06:27
for three, four, five million years,
157
372000
2000
大约三、四、五百万年之久，
06:29
and we can't step in and say, "That's wrong, and that's right."
158
374000
3000
我们不能突然站出来，说：“这样是错的，那样是对的。”
06:32
But that's not always easy for us.
159
377000
3000
但对我们来说，这往往不容易做到。
06:35
BJ: So, as Dereck says,
160
380000
2000
BJ: 正如Dereck所说，
06:37
we have to work through extremes --
161
382000
2000
我们必须经历很多极端情况——
06:39
extreme temperatures, push ourselves at night.
162
384000
2000
比如极端温度，夜晚挑战身体极限。
06:41
Sleep deprivation is extreme.
163
386000
3000
睡眠不足相当严重。
06:44
We're on the edge
164
389000
2000
在很多时间里，我们处于
06:46
through a large part of the time.
165
391000
2000
临界状态。
06:48
But, for 10 years, we tried to capture
166
393000
2000
十年来，我们一直试图拍摄到
06:50
lions and elephants together --
167
395000
3000
狮子和大象在一起（的场景）——
06:53
and never ever managed
168
398000
2000
却从未成功过，
06:55
until this particular night.
169
400000
2000
直到这天晚上。
06:58
And I have to tell you
170
403000
2000
我要告诉你们，
07:00
that it was a disturbing night for me.
171
405000
2000
对我来说，这是一个非常不安的夜晚。
07:02
I had tears rolling down my cheeks.
172
407000
2000
我泪流两颊，
07:04
I was shaking with anxiety,
173
409000
3000
焦虑得瑟瑟发抖。
07:07
but I knew that [I had] to capture something
174
412000
2000
但是，我知道这就是为了拍摄到
07:09
that had never been seen before, had never been documented.
175
414000
3000
以前从未有人目睹、也从未被记录下来的情景。
07:12
And I do believe you should stay with us.
176
417000
3000
我坚信，你们应该和我们一起看下去。
07:16
DJ: The amazing thing about these moments --
177
421000
2000
DJ: 这些时刻的神奇之处——
07:18
and this is probably a highlight of our career --
178
423000
3000
而这可能也是我们事业的精彩之处——
07:21
is that you never know how it's going to end.
179
426000
3000
就在于你从来不知道事情将会如何结束。
07:30
Many people believe, in fact,
180
435000
2000
很多人认为，事实上，
07:32
that death begins in the eyes, not in the heart,
181
437000
2000
死亡始于眼睛，而不是内心，
07:34
not in the lungs,
182
439000
2000
不是肺部。
07:36
and that's when people give up hope,
183
441000
2000
而这就是人们放弃希望时的样子，
07:38
or when any life form gives up hope.
184
443000
2000
或是任何生命放弃希望时的样子。
07:40
And you can see the start of it here.
185
445000
3000
你们可以看到，从这里开始了。
07:44
This elephant, against overwhelming odds,
186
449000
3000
这头大象，在狮子压倒性的优势面前，
07:47
simply gives up hope.
187
452000
2000
干脆放弃了希望。
08:01
But by the same token,
188
466000
3000
但是，在同样的情况下，
08:04
you can get your hope back again.
189
469000
3000
你也可以重新燃起希望。
08:08
So just when you think it's all over, something else happens,
190
473000
3000
所以，就在你认为一切行将结束时，另外一件事发生了，
08:11
some spark gets into you,
191
476000
2000
某种热情潜入你心，
08:13
some sort of will to fight --
192
478000
3000
某种战斗意愿（浮出脑海）——
08:16
that iron will that we all have,
193
481000
2000
这种坚强的意志我们都有，
08:18
that this elephant has,
194
483000
2000
这头大象有，
08:20
that conservation has, that big cats have.
195
485000
3000
保护区有，大型猫科动物也有。
08:23
Everything has that will to survive,
196
488000
3000
任何生命都要靠这种坚强的意志去生存，
08:26
to fight, to push through that mental barrier
197
491000
2000
去斗争，去冲破内心的关卡，
08:28
and to keep going.
198
493000
3000
继续前行。
08:31
And for us, in many ways,
199
496000
2000
对我们来说，从许多方面来说，
08:33
this elephant has become
200
498000
2000
这头大象已经成为
08:35
a symbol of inspiration for us,
201
500000
2000
激励我们的一种象征，
08:37
a symbol of that hope as we go forward in our work.
202
502000
3000
我们投入工作是的希望象征。
08:40
(Applause)
203
505000
11000
（观众掌声）
08:51
Now back to the leopard.
204
516000
2000
现在回到这只花豹。
08:53
We were spending so much time with this leopard
205
518000
2000
我们很长时间和这只花豹在一起，
08:55
and getting to understand her individualism,
206
520000
2000
才得以熟悉她的个性
08:57
her personal character,
207
522000
2000
和特点，
08:59
that maybe we were taking it a little bit far.
208
524000
3000
可能我们和她的关系有些过于亲密了。
09:02
We were perhaps taking her for granted,
209
527000
2000
可能我们认为理所当然可以如此，
09:04
and maybe she didn't like that that much.
210
529000
2000
而她或许并不喜欢这样。
09:06
This is about couples working together,
211
531000
2000
夫妻一起工作时也是如此，
09:08
and so I do need to say that within the vehicle
212
533000
3000
需要说明的是，在越野车里，
09:11
we have quite strict territories, Beverly and I.
213
536000
3000
Beverly和我有着严格的地盘划分。
09:14
Beverly sits on the one side
214
539000
2000
Beverly坐的那边
09:16
where all her camera gear is,
215
541000
2000
放着她全部的摄影器材，
09:18
and I'm on the other side where my space is.
216
543000
3000
而另一边是我的地盘。
09:21
These are precious to us, these divides.
217
546000
3000
这些分界对我们来说很重要。
09:24
BJ: But when this little cub saw
218
549000
2000
BJ: 但是，当这只小花豹看到
09:26
that I had vacated my seat
219
551000
2000
我离开座位，
09:28
and climbed to the back to get some camera gear,
220
553000
2000
爬到车后面拿照相器材时，
09:30
she came in like a curious cat
221
555000
2000
她就像一只好奇的猫一样
09:32
to come and investigate.
222
557000
2000
爬进来探索一番。
09:34
It was phenomenal, and we felt grateful
223
559000
3000
这很不寻常，我们也非常感谢
09:37
that she trusted us to that extent.
224
562000
2000
她对我们如此地信任。
09:39
But at the same time, we were concerned
225
564000
2000
但与此同时，我们也很担心，
09:41
that if she created this as a habit
226
566000
2000
如果她养成这样的习惯，
09:43
and jumped into somebody else's car,
227
568000
2000
跳到别人的车里，
09:45
it might not turn out the same way --
228
570000
2000
结果可能大不一样——
09:47
she might get shot for that.
229
572000
2000
她可能因此遭到射杀。
09:49
So we knew we had to react quickly.
230
574000
3000
因此，我们知道，我们必须迅速做出反应。
09:52
And the only way we thought we could
231
577000
3000
我们想唯一能做
09:55
without scaring her
232
580000
2000
而又不吓到她的方法
09:57
is to try and simulate a growl like her mother would make --
233
582000
2000
就是试着发出像她妈妈那样的低声咆哮——
09:59
a hiss and a sound.
234
584000
2000
伴着嘶嘶的声音。
10:01
So Dereck turned on the heater fan in the car --
235
586000
2000
于是，Dereck打开了车内的热风扇——
10:03
very innovative.
236
588000
2000
很有创意吧。
10:05
DJ: It was the only way for me to save the marriage,
237
590000
2000
DJ: 这是我挽救这段婚姻的唯一途径，
10:07
because Beverly felt she was being replaced, you see.
238
592000
2000
因为，你看，Beverly觉得自己被取代了。
10:09
(Laughter)
239
594000
3000
（观众笑声）
10:12
But really and truly, this was how
240
597000
2000
但是，的的确确，这就是
10:14
this little leopard was displaying
241
599000
2000
这只小花豹如何向我们展示
10:16
her individual personality.
242
601000
2000
她的独特个性。
10:18
But nothing prepared us
243
603000
2000
但是，我们绝对没有想到，
10:20
for what happened next in our relationship with her,
244
605000
2000
在我们和她交往中接下来发生的事情，
10:22
when she started hunting.
245
607000
2000
那是在她刚开始自己捕猎时。
10:24
BJ: And on this first hunt, we truly were excited.
246
609000
3000
BJ: 对于这第一次捕猎，我们真的非常兴奋。
10:27
It was like watching a graduation ceremony.
247
612000
2000
我就像在观看一场毕业典礼。
10:29
We felt like we were surrogate parents.
248
614000
2000
我们觉得自己好像是代理家长。
10:31
And of course, we knew now
249
616000
2000
当然，那时我们确信，
10:33
that she was going to survive.
250
618000
2000
她将可以（独立）生存下去了。
10:35
But only when we saw the tiny baby baboon
251
620000
3000
但只有当我们看到那个小小的狒狒幼崽
10:38
clinging to the mother's fur
252
623000
2000
挂在它妈妈身上时，
10:40
did we realize that something very unique
253
625000
2000
我们才意识到，一件非常特殊的
10:42
was taking place here with Legadema.
254
627000
3000
事情正发生在Legadema身上。
10:45
And of course, the baby baboon was so innocent,
255
630000
3000
当然，小狒狒完全不知道发生了什么，
10:48
it didn't turn and run.
256
633000
2000
它没有转身逃走。
10:50
So what we watched
257
635000
2000
于是，
10:52
over the next couple of hours
258
637000
2000
接下来的几个小时内，
10:54
was very unique.
259
639000
2000
我们看到的是极其特别的。
10:57
It was absolutely amazing
260
642000
2000
这绝对让人觉得惊奇。
10:59
when she picked it up to safety,
261
644000
2000
她把它叼起来放到安全的地方，
11:01
protecting it from the hyena.
262
646000
3000
保护它不被土狼叼走。
11:04
And over the next five hours,
263
649000
3000
接下来的5个小时里，
11:07
she took care of it.
264
652000
2000
她一直照料着它。
11:09
We realized that we actually don't know everything,
265
654000
3000
我们意识到，其实，我们并非什么都了解。
11:12
and that nature is so unpredictable,
266
657000
4000
大自然是如此神奇莫测，
11:16
we have to be open at all times.
267
661000
3000
我们必须时刻保持开放的态度。
11:19
DJ: Okay, so she was a little bit rough.
268
664000
2000
DJ: 好吧，她是有点儿粗鲁。
11:21
(Laughter)
269
666000
5000
（观众笑声）
11:26
But in fact,
270
671000
3000
但事实上，
11:30
what we were seeing here was interesting.
271
675000
3000
我们所看到的这一幕很有趣。
11:33
Because she is a cub wanting to play,
272
678000
3000
因为她自己还是一只想要玩耍的小豹子，
11:36
but she was also a predator needing to kill,
273
681000
3000
但同时她又是一个需要杀戮的捕食者，
11:39
and yet conflicted in some way,
274
684000
2000
然而在某种程度上，与之矛盾的，
11:41
because she was also an emerging mother.
275
686000
3000
因为她又是一位未来的母亲。
11:44
She had this maternal instinct,
276
689000
2000
她具有这种母性的本能，
11:46
much like a young girl on her way to womanhood,
277
691000
3000
很像是一个小姑娘正在长成为一位成熟的女性。
11:50
and so this really took us to this new level
278
695000
3000
因此，这把我们带到一个全新的层次
11:53
of understanding that personality.
279
698000
3000
来理解她的个性。
11:58
BJ: And of course, through the night, they lay together.
280
703000
3000
BJ: 当然，一整夜它们都靠在一起。
12:01
They ended up sleeping for hours.
281
706000
2000
它们在一起睡了好几个小时。
12:03
But I have to tell you --
282
708000
2000
但是，我不得不告诉大家——
12:05
everybody always asks, "What happened to the baby baboon?"
283
710000
2000
每一个人都会问：“那只小狒狒最后怎么样了？”
12:07
It did die,
284
712000
2000
它确实死了。
12:09
and we suspect it was from the freezing winter nights.
285
714000
3000
我们怀疑它是死于冬夜的寒冷。
12:13
DJ: So at this stage, I guess,
286
718000
2000
DJ: 到了这里，我认为
12:15
we had very, very firm ideas
287
720000
2000
我们有了一些非常坚定的信念——
12:17
on what conservation meant.
288
722000
2000
关于自然保护区存在的意义。
12:19
We had to deal with these individual personalities.
289
724000
3000
我们必须面对这些独特的个性。
12:22
We had to deal with them with respect
290
727000
3000
我们必须带着尊重面对它们，
12:25
and celebrate them.
291
730000
2000
赞美它们。
12:27
And so we, with the National Geographic, formed the Big Cats Initiative
292
732000
3000
于是，我们和国家地理频道一起发起了“大型猫科动物倡议”，
12:30
to march forward into conservation,
293
735000
2000
将它在保护区内进行推广，
12:32
taking care of the big cats that we loved --
294
737000
2000
以关爱我们喜爱的这些大型猫科动物——
12:34
and then had an opportunity to look back over the last 50 years
295
739000
3000
于是也有机会回顾一下，在过去的50年里
12:37
to see how well we had all collectively been doing.
296
742000
3000
我们在这些方面做得怎么样。
12:40
So when Beverly and I were born,
297
745000
2000
Beverly和我刚出生时，
12:42
there were 450,000 lions,
298
747000
2000
大约有45万头狮子。
12:44
and today there are 20,000.
299
749000
3000
而今天只有2万头。
12:47
Tigers haven't fared any better --
300
752000
2000
老虎的境遇也好不到哪去，
12:49
45,000
301
754000
2000
从4万5千头
12:51
down to maybe 3,000.
302
756000
2000
锐减到大约3千头。
12:53
BJ: And then cheetahs have crashed
303
758000
2000
BJ: 非洲猎豹的数量一路锐减，
12:55
all the way down to 12,000.
304
760000
2000
跌至1万2千头。
12:57
Leopards have plummeted
305
762000
2000
花豹则
12:59
from 700,000
306
764000
2000
从70万头
13:01
down to a mere 50,000.
307
766000
2000
迅速减少到仅仅5万头。
13:03
Now in the extraordinary time
308
768000
2000
尤其是
13:05
that we have worked with Legadema --
309
770000
2000
在我们和Legadema在一起的这段时间，
13:07
which is really over a five-year period --
310
772000
2000
大约5年多——
13:09
10,000 leopards were legally shot
311
774000
3000
有1万头花豹被游猎猎手合法地
13:12
by safari hunters.
312
777000
2000
射杀。
13:14
And that's not the only leopards
313
779000
2000
这还不是
13:16
that were being killed through that period.
314
781000
2000
这段时间内被杀死的所有花豹。
13:18
There's an immense amount of poaching as well,
315
783000
3000
偷猎的数量也很巨大，
13:21
and so possibly the same amount.
316
786000
2000
很可能也达到1万头。
13:23
It's simply not sustainable.
317
788000
2000
这绝对是不可持续的。
13:25
We admire them,
318
790000
2000
我们仰慕它们，
13:27
and we fear them,
319
792000
2000
我们也畏惧它们。
13:29
and yet, as man, we want to steal their power.
320
794000
3000
然而，作为人，我们想窃取它们的力量。
13:34
It used to be the time
321
799000
2000
曾经有段时间，
13:36
where only kings wore a leopard skin,
322
801000
3000
只有国王才穿豹皮，
13:39
but now throughout rituals and ceremonies,
323
804000
2000
但现在，所有仪式和典礼、
13:41
traditional healers and ministers.
324
806000
3000
传统医者和大臣们都在使用豹皮。
13:44
And of course, looking at this lion paw
325
809000
3000
当然，看看这只
13:47
that has been skinned,
326
812000
2000
已被剥皮的狮爪，
13:49
it eerily reminds me
327
814000
2000
它诡异地让我想起
13:51
of a human hand,
328
816000
2000
人类的手。
13:53
and that's ironic, because their fate is in our hands.
329
818000
3000
这很讽刺，因为狮爪的命运掌握在我们手中。
13:56
DJ: There's a burgeoning bone trade.
330
821000
2000
DJ: 还有一个正在迅速发展的骨交易。
13:58
South Africa just released some lion bones onto the market.
331
823000
3000
南非刚刚向这个市场投放了一些狮骨。
14:01
Lion bones and tiger bones look exactly the same,
332
826000
3000
狮子和老虎的骨头看上去完全一样，
14:04
and so in a stroke, the lion bone industry
333
829000
3000
因此很快地，狮骨产业
14:07
is going to wipe out all the tigers.
334
832000
3000
将取代所有的虎骨。
14:10
So we have a real problem here,
335
835000
2000
现在，我们面临一个真正的问题，
14:12
no more so than the lions do, the male lions.
336
837000
3000
没有比狮子的问题更严重的了，尤其是雄狮。
14:15
So the 20,000 lion figure that you just saw
337
840000
3000
所以，你们刚刚看到的，2万头狮子这个数字
14:18
is actually a red herring,
338
843000
2000
只是一个幌子，
14:20
because there may be 3,000 or 4,000 male lions,
339
845000
3000
因为其中大约有3到4千头雄狮，
14:23
and they all are actually
340
848000
2000
实际上它们全部都
14:25
infected with the same disease.
341
850000
2000
感染了同样的疾病。
14:27
I call it complacency --
342
852000
2000
我称之为自傲——
14:29
our complacency.
343
854000
2000
我们人类的自傲。
14:31
Because there's a sport, there's an activity going on
344
856000
3000
因为打猎这种运动，它的存在，
14:34
that we're all aware of, that we condone.
345
859000
3000
我们都知道，却听之任之。
14:40
And that's probably because we haven't seen it
346
865000
2000
而这很可能是因为我们以前从未
14:42
like we are today.
347
867000
2000
像今天这样看待这件事情。
14:46
BJ: And you have to know
348
871000
2000
BJ: 还有，你们必须要了解，
14:48
that, when a male lion is killed,
349
873000
2000
当一头雄狮被杀死时，
14:50
it completely disrupts the whole pride.
350
875000
3000
整个狮群都被摧毁了。
14:53
A new male comes into the area
351
878000
2000
一头新来的雄狮会进入到该片领域，
14:55
and takes over the pride,
352
880000
2000
接管整个狮群。
14:57
and, of course, first of all kills all the cubs
353
882000
3000
然后，当然，它首先会杀死所有的幼狮，
15:00
and possibly some of the females that are defending their cubs.
354
885000
3000
可能还会杀死一些保护自己幼崽的母狮。
15:03
So we've estimated
355
888000
2000
因此，我们估算，
15:05
that between 20 [and] 30 lions are killed
356
890000
3000
大概要杀死20到30头狮子
15:08
when one lion is hanging on a wall
357
893000
3000
才能将一头雄狮挂到
15:11
somewhere in a far-off place.
358
896000
2000
某个遥远地方的墙上。
15:13
DJ: So what our investigations have shown
359
898000
2000
DJ: 因此，我们的研究表明，
15:15
is that these lions are essential.
360
900000
2000
这些狮子是至关重要的。
15:17
They're essential to the habitat.
361
902000
2000
它们对栖息地来说是极重要的。
15:19
If they disappear,
362
904000
2000
如果它们消失了，
15:21
whole ecosystems in Africa disappear.
363
906000
3000
整个非洲的生态系统都会随之消失。
15:24
There's an 80-billion-dollar-a-year
364
909000
2000
非洲每年可获得价值800亿美元
15:26
ecotourism revenue stream into Africa.
365
911000
3000
的生态旅游收入。
15:29
So this is not just a concern about lions;
366
914000
3000
所以，这不仅仅是在关心狮子，
15:32
it's a concern about communities in Africa as well.
367
917000
3000
也是在关心非洲的社群。
15:35
If they disappear, all of that goes away.
368
920000
3000
如果它们消失了，那所有这些都完了。
15:38
But what I'm more concerned about in many ways
369
923000
3000
但是，我在更多方面的担心是，
15:41
is that, as we de-link ourselves from nature,
370
926000
3000
当我们与自然脱钩，
15:44
as we de-link ourselves spiritually
371
929000
2000
当我们从灵性上
15:46
from these animals,
372
931000
2000
与这些动物脱钩时，
15:48
we lose hope,
373
933000
3000
我们就失去了希望，
15:51
we lose that spiritual connection,
374
936000
3000
失去了精神上的联系，
15:54
our dignity, that thing within us
375
939000
3000
失去了我们的人格，而正是这内在于我们的东西，
15:57
that keeps us connected to the planet.
376
942000
2000
使我们保持着与这颗星球的联系。
15:59
BJ: So you have to know, looking into the eyes
377
944000
3000
BJ: 所以，你们必须了解，请看着这些
16:02
of lions and leopards right now,
378
947000
3000
狮子和豹子的眼睛，
16:05
it is all about critical awareness.
379
950000
2000
这全是批判性的警醒。
16:07
And so what we are doing,
380
952000
2000
所以，我们要做的，
16:09
in February, we're bringing out a film called "The Last Lion,"
381
954000
3000
就是在2月份，将发布一部纪录片，叫做“最后的狮子”。
16:12
and "The Last Lion" is exactly
382
957000
2000
而“最后的狮子”恰恰就是
16:14
what is happening right now.
383
959000
2000
现在正在发生的事实。
16:16
That is the situation we're in --
384
961000
2000
这就是我们目前所处的情形——
16:18
the last lions.
385
963000
2000
最后的狮子。
16:20
That is, if we don't take action and do something,
386
965000
2000
这就是说，如果我们不采取行动做点儿什么，
16:22
these plains will be completely devoid
387
967000
2000
大型猫科动物将在这些平原上
16:24
of big cats,
388
969000
2000
彻底消失。
16:26
and then, in turn, everything else will disappear.
389
971000
3000
其后果就是，其余的一切也将随之消亡。
16:29
And simply, if we can't protect them,
390
974000
2000
很简单，如果我们不能够保护它们，
16:31
we're going to have a job protecting ourselves as well.
391
976000
3000
接下来，我们的工作就是要保护我们自己了。
16:34
DJ: And in fact, that original thing that we spoke about
392
979000
3000
DJ: 而事实上，我们所谈论的，也就是
16:37
and designed our lives by --
393
982000
2000
我们依此而生活的最根本的东西——
16:39
that conservation was all about respect
394
984000
2000
保护区的意义就在于尊重
16:41
and celebration --
395
986000
2000
与赞美——
16:43
is probably true. That's really what it needs.
396
988000
3000
这很可能是本质的东西；那是它真正需要的东西。
16:46
We need it. We respect and celebrate each other
397
991000
3000
我们需要它。
16:49
as a man and a woman, as a community
398
994000
3000
作为男人和女人，作为一个社群，
16:52
and as part of this planet,
399
997000
2000
同时作为这个星球的一部分，我们彼此尊重彼此赞美，
16:54
and we need to continue that.
400
999000
2000
我们要将它延续下去。
16:56
And Legadema?
401
1001000
2000
至于Legadema？
16:58
Well we can report, in fact,
402
1003000
2000
我们可以告诉大家，事实上，
17:00
that we're grandparents.
403
1005000
2000
我们做外祖父母了（Legadema已经升级为母亲了）。
17:02
(Laughter)
404
1007000
2000
（观众笑声）
17:04
BJ/DJ: Thank you very much.
405
1009000
2000
BJ/DJ: 非常感谢大家。
17:06
(Applause)
406
1011000
7000
（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Beverly + Dereck Joubert - Conservationists, filmmakersDocumentary filmmakers Beverly and Dereck Joubert have worked to conserve wildlife for more than 25 years. As National Geographic Explorers in Residence, the couple influences public policy and perceptions.
Why you should listen
For nearly three decades, conservationists Beverly and Dereck Joubert have celebrated nature and wildlife in documentaries, books, scientific journals, photographs and magazine articles. The couple’s arresting visual work—which includes the widely viewed film Eternal Enemies: Lions and Hyena -- has earned them five Emmys and many other awards. The Jouberts, both National Geographic Explorers in Residence based in Botswana, are dedicated to understanding and preserving key species throughout the African continent. The couple is particularly interested in large predators, and lead the Big Cats Initiative, a campaign to stop dwindling populations and bolster public awareness.
Beverly and Dereck are also building a new model for preservation as partners in Great Plains Conservation. Striking a balance of preservation, community and commerce, GPC aims to save endangered habitats in Africa and surrounding the Indian Ocean through low-impact tourism and the sale of carbon credits and villas or bush homes.
Their new movie is The Last Lions, opening February 18, 2011.
Beverly + Dereck Joubert | Speaker | TED.com