TEDxBoston 2011
Richard Resnick: Welcome to the genomic revolution
Ričard Reznik: Dobrodošli u eru genomske revolucije
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U ovom predavanju sa konferencije TEDxBoston, Ričard Reznik nam ukazuje na to kako će jeftino i brzo sekvenciranje genoma dovesti do preokreta u zdravstvenoj nezi (i osiguravajućim društvima, politici).
Richard Resnick - Entrepreneur
Richard Resnick is on the front lines of the business of genomes, as CEO of GenomeQuest, a maker of genomic software. Full bio
Richard Resnick is on the front lines of the business of genomes, as CEO of GenomeQuest, a maker of genomic software. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Ladies and gentlemen,
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Dame i gospodo,
00:17
I present to you the human genome.
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ovo pred vama je ljudski genom.
00:20
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
00:23
Chromosome one, top left.
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Hromozom broj jedan je u gornjem, levom uglu.
00:25
Bottom right are the sex chromosomes.
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A u donjem desnom uglu su hromozomi polova.
00:27
Women have two copies of that big X chromosome;
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Žene imaju dve kopije ovog velikog X hromozoma
00:29
men have the X
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muškarci imaju jedan X
00:31
and, of course, that small copy of the Y.
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i, naravno, malu kopiju hromozoma Y.
00:33
Sorry boys, but it's just a tiny little thing that makes you different.
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Izvinite momci, ali samo ova jedna mala stvar vas čini drugačijim.
00:37
So if you zoom in on this genome,
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Ukoliko zumirate u genom,
00:40
then what you see, of course, is this double helix structure --
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ono što ćete videti, naravno, je ova struktura duplog heliksa--
00:43
the code of life spelled out with these four biochemical letters,
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kod života koji je ispisan uz pomoć četiri biohemijska slova,
00:45
or we call them bases, right:
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ili kako ih mi zovemo baza:
00:47
A, C, G and T.
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A,C, G i T.
00:49
How many are there in the human genome? Three billion.
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Koliko ovih baza ima u ljudskom genomu? Tri milijarde.
00:51
Is that a big number?
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Da li je to veliki broj?
00:53
Well, everybody can throw around big numbers.
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Pa, svako može da se razmeće velikim brojevima.
00:55
But in fact, if I were to place one base
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Činjenica je da ukoliko bih ja postavio jednu bazu
00:57
on each pixel of this 1280 by 800 resolution screen,
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na svaki piksel ovog ekrana rezolucije 1280 puta 800,
01:00
we would need 3,000 screens to take a look at the genome.
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trebalo bi nam 3000 ekrana kako bismo
01:03
So it's really quite big.
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sagledali genom. Dakle zaista je veliki.
01:05
And perhaps because of its size,
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I možda baš zbog njegove veličine,
01:07
a group of people -- all, by the way, with Y chromosomes --
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grupa ljudi -- koja uzgred budi rečeno ima Y hromozom --
01:10
decided they would want to sequence it.
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je odlučila da želi da sekvencira genom.
01:12
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:14
And so 15 years, actually, and about four billion dollars later,
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Tako da je nakon 15 godina i oko 4 milijarde dolara kasnije,
01:17
the genome was sequenced and published.
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genom sekvenciran i javno objavljen.
01:19
In 2003, the final version was published, and they keep working on it.
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Prva verzija genoma je objavljena 2003. godine i na njoj se i dalje se radi.
01:22
That was all done on a machine that looks like this.
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Sve je to urađeno na mašini koja izgleda ovako.
01:24
It costs about a dollar for each base --
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Košta otprilike dolar po sekvenciranoj bazi --
01:26
a very slow way of doing it.
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veoma spor način za završavanje ovog posla.
01:28
Well folks, I'm here to tell you
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Pa narode, ja sam ovde kako bih vam saopštio
01:30
that the world has completely changed
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da se svet potpuno promenio,
01:32
and none of you know about it.
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a niko od vas ne zna za to.
01:34
So now what we do is we take a genome,
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Ono što mi sada radimo jeste da uzmemo genom,
01:36
we make maybe 50 copies of it,
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napravimo otprilike 50 kopija istog,
01:38
we cut all those copies up into little 50-base reads,
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isečemo sve te kopije na deliće od 50 baznih parova,
01:41
and then we sequence them, massively parallel.
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i onda ih sekvenciramo masivnim paralelnim reakcijama.
01:43
And then we bring that into software,
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A onda podatke prebacimo u softver
01:45
and we reassemble it and we tell you what the story is.
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i sastavimo ceo genom i ispričamo vam priču tog genoma.
01:47
And so just to give you a picture of what this looks like,
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Sve sa namerom da vam dam to dočaramo,
01:50
the Human Genome Project: 3 gigabases, right.
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vidite ovde Projekat Humani Genom od 3 gigabaza.
01:52
One run on one of these machines:
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A na ovim mašinama jedna reakcija
01:54
200 gigabases in a week.
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čita 200 gigabaza nedeljno.
01:57
And that 200 is going to change to 600 this summer,
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A tih 200 će se promeniti u 600 ovog leta
02:00
and there's no sign of this pace slowing.
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i ne postoji nijedan znak koji ukazuje da će se ovaj trend usporiti.
02:03
So the price of a base, to sequence a base,
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Cena sekvenciranja jedne baze je
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has fallen 100 million times.
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pala 100 miliona puta.
02:09
That's the equivalent of you filling up your car with gas in 1998,
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To je isto kao da napunite rezervoar kola 1998.
02:12
waiting until 2011,
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sačekate do 2011.
02:14
and now you can drive to Jupiter and back twice.
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i onda možete da se odvezete do Jupitera
02:16
(Laughter)
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i nazad dva puta. (Smeh)
02:21
World population,
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Svetska populacija,
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PC placements,
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rasprostranjenost ličnih računara,
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the archive of all the medical literature,
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arhivi sve medicinske literature,
02:28
Moore's law,
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Murov zakon,
02:30
the old way of sequencing, and here's all the new stuff.
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stari način sekvenciranja, i ovde su prikazana nova otkrića.
02:33
Guys, this is a log scale;
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Ljudi, ovo je logaritamska skala,
02:35
you don't typically see lines that go up like that.
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i uobičajeno mi nikada ne vidimo na njoj trend koji ide tako strmo na gore.
02:38
So the worldwide capacity to sequence human genomes
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Tako da je svetski kapacitet za sekvenciranje ljudskih genoma
02:41
is something like 50,000 to 100,000 human genomes this year.
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otprilike od 50.000 do 100.000 ljudskih genoma godišnje.
02:44
And we know this based on the machines that are being placed.
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Mi imamo tu informaciju na osnovu mašina koje su u upotrebi.
02:47
This is expected to double, triple or maybe quadruple
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Očekujemo da će se broj udvostručiti, utrostručiti ili možda učetvorostručiti
02:50
year over year for the foreseeable future.
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iz godine u godinu u bliskoj budućnosti.
02:52
In fact, there's one lab in particular
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U stvari, postoji jedna laboratorija
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that represents 20 percent of all that capacity.
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koja sama ima 20% tog kapaciteta.
02:57
It's called the Beijing Genomics Institute.
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Zove se Pekinški institut za genom.
03:00
The Chinese are absolutely winning this race to the new Moon, by the way.
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Kinezi apsolutno pobeđuju u ovoj trci za novi Mesec, uzgred budi rečeno.
03:04
What does this mean for medicine?
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Šta ovo znači u svetu medicine?
03:06
So a woman is age 37.
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Žena ima 37 godina.
03:08
She presents with stage 2 estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Pokazuje simptome raka dojke drugog stepena koji je pozitivan za receptor estrogena.
03:12
She is treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.
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Tretman: operacija, hemoterapija i zračenje.
03:15
She goes home.
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Ona odlazi kuci.
03:17
Two years later, she comes back with stage three C ovarian cancer.
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Dve godine kasnije, vraća se u bolnicu sa rakom jajnika trećeg stepena.
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Unfortunately, treated again with surgery and chemotherapy.
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Nažalost, terapija su ponovo operacija i hemoterapija.
03:23
She comes back three years later at age 42
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Vraća se ponovo tri godine kasnije u svojoj 42-oj godini
03:25
with more ovarian cancer, more chemotherapy.
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i ima opet rak jajnika, još hemoterapije.
03:28
Six months later,
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Šest meseci kasnije,
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she comes back with acute myeloid leukemia.
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vraća se obolela od akutne mijeloidne leukemije.
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She goes into respiratory failure and dies eight days later.
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Razvija kolaps disajnih organa i umire 8 dana nakon toga.
03:37
So first, the way in which this woman was treated, in as little as 10 years,
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Pre svega, način na koji je ova žena lečena, za samo 10 godina od sada,
03:40
will look like bloodletting.
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će izgledati kao krvoproliće.
03:43
And it's because of people like my colleague, Rick Wilson,
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A to je zahvaljujući ljudima kao što je moj kolega, Rik Vilson,
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at the Genome Institute at Washington University,
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koji radi na Institutu za Genom Univerziteta u Vašingtonu,
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who decided to take a look at this woman postmortem.
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i koji je odlučio da analizira ovu ženu nakon smrti.
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And he sequenced, he took skin cells, healthy skin,
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On je sekvencirao, uzeo je uzorak ćelija kože, zdrave kože,
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and cancerous bone marrow,
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i koštane srži žene obolele od raka
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and he sequenced the whole genomes of both of them
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i sekvencirao je potpuni genom oba uzorka
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in a couple of weeks, no big deal.
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u periodu od dve nedelje, to nije velika stvar.
04:00
And then he compared those two genomes in software,
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A potom je uporedio ova dva genoma uz pomoć softvera,
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and what he found, among other things,
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i ono što je između ostalog pronašao je
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was a deletion, a 2,000-base deletion
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suzbijanje dugo 2000 baznih parova
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across three billion bases
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između tri milijarde baznih parova
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in a particular gene called TP53.
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u tačno određenom genu koji se zove TP53.
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If you have this deleterious mutation in this gene,
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Ukoliko imate ovako štetnu mutaciju u tom genu,
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you're 90 percent likely to get cancer in your life.
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imate 90 odsto šanse da obolite od raka u svom životu.
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So unfortunately, this doesn't help this woman,
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Nažalost, to nije pomoglo ovoj ženi,
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but it does have severe, profound if you will,
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ali ima veoma ozbiljne, veoma značajne
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implications to her family.
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posledice za njenu porodicu.
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I mean, if they have the same mutation,
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Mislim, ukoliko oni imaju istu mutaciju
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and they get this genetic test, and they understand it,
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i urade ovaj genetički test, i razumeju ga,
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then they can go and get regular screens, and they can catch cancer early
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onda mogu redovno odlaziti na preglede, i mogu ustanoviti rak u ranom stadijumu
04:31
and potentially live a significantly longer life.
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i potencijalno mogu živeti znatno dužim životom.
04:33
Let me introduce you now to the Beery twins,
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A sada bih da vas upoznam sa Biri blizancima,
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diagnosed with cerebral palsy at the age of two.
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kojima je uspostavljena dijagnoza cerebralne paralize kada su imali dve godine.
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Their mom is a very brave woman
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Njihova majka je veoma hrabra žena
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who didn't believe that the symptoms weren't matching up,
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koja nije verovala da se simptomi nisu podudarali,
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and through some heroic efforts and a lot of Internet searching,
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i nakon herojske borbe i mnogo istraživanja na internetu,
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she was able to convince the medical community
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ona je uspela da ubedi doktore
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that, in fact, they had something else.
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da njena deca boluju od druge bolesti.
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What they had was dopa-responsive dystonia.
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Ono od čega su bolovali je distonija mišića osetljiva na dopamin.
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And so they were given L-Dopa,
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Tako da im je dat L-Dopamin,
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and their symptoms did improve,
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i njihovi simptomi se se poboljšali,
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but they weren't totally asymptomatic.
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ali nisu svi simptomi bolesti nestali.
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Significant problems remained.
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Značajni problemi su ipak ostali.
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Turns out the gentleman in this picture is a guy named Joe Beery,
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Ispostavilo se da je gospodin na ovoj fotografiji, pod imenom Džo Biri,
05:01
who was lucky enough to be the CIO
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imao sreće da bude Direktor informacija
05:03
of a company called Life Technologies.
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kompanije koja se zove "Žvotne tehnologije".
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They're one of the two companies
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To je jedna od dve kompanije
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that makes these massive whole genome sequencing tools.
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koja proizvodi mašine za masivno sekvenciranje celih genoma.
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And so what he did was he got his kids sequenced.
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Rešio je da sekvencira genom svoje dece.
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And what they found was a series of mutations in a gene called SPR,
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I pronašli su čitav niz mutacija u genu koji zovemo SPR,
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which is responsible for producing serotonin, among other things.
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koji, između ostalog, diktira proizvodnju serotonina.
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So on top of L-Dopa, they gave these kids a serotonin precursor drug,
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Tako da su deca pored L-Dopamina dobila i lek koji je prethodnik serotonina,
05:23
and they're effectively normal now.
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i oni su potpuno zdravi sada.
05:25
Guys, this would never have happened without whole genome sequencing.
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Ljudi, ovo se nikada ne bi desilo da nije bilo sekvenciranja celog genoma.
05:28
And at the time -- this was a few years ago -- it cost $100,000.
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I tada, pre nekoliko godina, je to koštalo 100,000$.
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Today it's $10,000. Next year it's $1,000.
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Danas košta 10,000$. Sledeće godine koštaće 1,000$.
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The year after it's $100, give or take a year.
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Godinu nakon sledeće koštaće 100 $, plus minus koja godina.
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That's how fast this is moving.
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To je brzina kojom se sve ovo pokreće.
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So here's little Nick --
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Ovo je mali Nik,
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likes Batman and squirt guns.
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voli Betmena i vodene pištolje.
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And it turns out Nick shows up at the children's hospital
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Ispostavilo se da je Nik došao u dečju bolnicu
05:44
with this distended belly like a famine victim.
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sa nadutim stomakom kao kod žrtava gladovanja.
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And it's not that he's not eating,
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I nije da on ne jede,
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it's that when he eats, his intestine basically opens up
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već je stvar u tome da kada jede, njegova creva se bukvalno otvore
05:50
and feces spill out into his gut.
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i izmet se izlije u njegov stomak.
05:52
So a hundred surgeries later,
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Tako da nakon stotinu operacija kasnije
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he looks at his mom and says, "Mom,
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on pogleda u svoju majku i kaže joj, "Mama,
05:57
please pray for me. I'm in so much pain."
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molim te moli se za mene. Toliko me puno sve boli."
06:00
His pediatrician happens to have a background in clinical genetics
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Njegov pedijatar je igrom slučaja znao dosta o kliničkoj genetici
06:03
and he has no idea what's going on,
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i nije imao predstavu šta se dešava sa dečakom,
06:05
but he says, "Let's get this kid's genome sequenced."
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ali on reče, "Hajde da sekvenciramo genom ovog deteta."
06:07
And what they find is a single-point mutation
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I pronašli su mutaciju u jednoj bazi
06:09
in a gene responsible for controlling programmed cell death.
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u genu koji kontroliše programiranu ćelijsku smrt.
06:12
So the theory is that he's having some immunological reaction
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Tako da su došli do teorije da dete razvija neku imunološku reakciju
06:15
to what's going on to the food essentially,
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na ono što se dešava sa hranom u principu,
06:18
and that's a natural reaction, which causes some programmed cell death.
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a to je prirodna reakcija, koja prouzrukuje programiranu ćelijsku smrt.
06:21
But the gene that regulates that down is broken.
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Ali gen koji reguliše taj proces nije funkcionalan.
06:23
And so this informs, among other things, of course,
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To znači da je, između ostalog naravno, neophodno
06:25
a treatment for bone marrow transplant, which he undertakes.
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uraditi transplantaciju koštane srži, što se i desilo.
06:28
And after nine months of grueling recovery,
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Nakon devet meseci napornog oporavka,
06:30
he's now eating steak with A1 sauce.
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dete sada jede šnicle sa sosom.
06:32
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:34
The prospect of using the genome
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Mogućnost korišćenja genoma
06:36
as a universal diagnostic
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kao opšteg dijagnostičkog sredstva
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is upon us today.
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je tu pred nama danas.
06:40
Today, it's here.
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Danas, tu je, sada.
06:42
And what it means for all of us
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I ono što to znači za sve nas
06:44
is that everybody in this room could live an extra five, 10, 20 years
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jeste da svako ovde prisutan može živeti dodatnih 5, 10, 20 godina
06:47
just because of this one thing.
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samo zahvaljujući sekvenciranju genoma.
06:49
Which is a fantastic story,
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To je fantastična priča,
06:51
unless you think about humanity's footprint on the planet
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osim ukoliko ne porazmislite o uticaju čovečanstva na planetu
06:54
and our ability to keep up food production.
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i našim mogućnostima da proizvedemo dovoljno hrane.
06:56
So it turns out
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Ispostavilo se
06:58
that the very same technology
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da se ista ta tehnologija
07:00
is also being used to grow new lines
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koristi takođe za proizovdnju novih sorti
07:02
of corn, wheat, soybean and other crops
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kukuruza, žita, soje i drugih žitarica
07:05
that are highly tolerant of drought, of flood,
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koje su veoma otporne na sušu, poplave,
07:07
of pests and pesticides.
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na štetočine i pesticide.
07:09
Now look, as long as we continue to increase the population,
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Sada, sve dok mi nastavljamo da povećavamo svetsku populaciju,
07:12
we're going to have to continue to grow and eat genetically modified foods,
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moraćemo i da nastavimo da gajimo i jedemo genetički modifikovanu hranu,
07:15
and that's the only position that I'll take today.
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i to je jedini stav koji ću danas izložiti.
07:18
Unless there's anybody in the audience
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Osim ukoliko ima nekoga u publici
07:20
that would like to volunteer to stop eating?
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ko bi želeo da volontira da prestane da jede?
07:22
None, not one.
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Niko, baš niko.
07:24
This is a typewriter,
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Ovo je pisaća mašina,
07:26
a staple of every desktop for decades.
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bila je obeležje svakog radnog stola decenijama.
07:29
And in fact, the typewriter was essentially deleted by this thing.
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A činjenica je da je pisaću mašinu zamenila ova naprava.
07:33
And then more general versions of word processors came about.
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A potom su se pojavile već opšte verzije procesora reči.
07:36
But ultimately, it was a disruption on top of a disruption.
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Na kraju, ono što je dovelo do promena nad svim promenama
07:39
It was Bob Metcalfe inventing the Ethernet
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je Bob Metkalf koji je izumeo Eternet
07:41
and the connection of all these computers
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i način povezivanja svih tih kompjutera
07:43
that fundamentally changed everything.
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što je suštinski promenilo sve.
07:45
And suddenly we had Netscape, and we had Yahoo
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I odjednom smo dobili "Netscape", i "Yahoo"
07:48
and we had, indeed, the entire dotcom bubble.
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i dobili smo, u principu, ceo "dotcom" paket.
07:51
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:54
Not to worry though,
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Ali bez ikakvih briga,
07:56
that was quickly rescued by the iPod, Facebook
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sve to je dovoljno brzo zamenjeno "iPod"-ima, "Facebook"-om
07:58
and, indeed, angry birds.
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i, svakako, ljutim pticama.
08:00
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:02
Look, this is where we are today.
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Shvatite, ovo je mesto gde se mi nalazimo danas.
08:05
This is the genomic revolution today. This is where we are.
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Ovo je genomska revolucija danas. Baš tu se nalazimo.
08:07
So what I'd like you to consider is:
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Tako da bih ja voleo da vi obratite pažnju ovo:
08:09
What does it mean
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šta bi značilo ukoliko ove tačke
08:11
when these dots don't represent the individual bases of your genome,
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ne predstavljaju pojedinačne baze vašeg genoma,
08:14
but they connect to genomes all across the planet?
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već povezuju genome na celoj planeti?
08:17
So I just recently had to buy life insurance.
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Ja sam nedavno morao da kupim životno osiguranje.
08:19
And I was required to answer:
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I zahtevano je od mene da odgovorim na pitanja:
08:21
A. I have never had a genetic test, B. I've had one, here you go,
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A. Nikada nisam imao genetički test; B. Imao sam jedan, evo izvolite rezultete;
08:24
and C. I've had one and I'm not telling.
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C. Imao sam test, ali neću vam reći rezultat.
08:26
Thankfully, I was able to answer A,
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Na sreću, ja sam mogao da odgovorim ponuđenim A,
08:28
and I say that honestly in case my life insurance agent is listening.
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i zaista sam iskren, za slučaj da moj agent životnog osiguranja sluša ovo.
08:31
But what would have happened if I had said C?
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Ali šta bi se desilo da sam odgovorio opcijom C?
08:34
Consumer applications for genomics, they will flourish.
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Korisničke primene genomike će procvetati.
08:36
Do you want to see whether you're genetically compatible
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Da li želite da saznate da li ste genetički kompatibilni
08:38
with your girlfriend? Sure.
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sa svojom devojkom? Naravno.
08:40
DNA sequencing on your iPhone? There's an app for that.
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DNK sekvenciranje na vašem "iPhone"-u? Postoji aplikacija za to.
08:43
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:45
Personalized genomic massage anyone?
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Lična genetička masaža?
08:48
There's already a lab today
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Danas već postoji laboratorija u kojoj se radi
08:50
that tests for allele 334 of the AVPR1 gene,
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test za prisustvo alela 334 gena AVPR1,
08:52
the so-called cheating gene.
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poznatog i kao gen-varanja.
08:54
So anybody who's here today with your significant other,
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Tako da ko god je ovde danas sa svojim partnerom,
08:58
just turn over to them and swab their mouth,
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samo uzmite bris iz njihovih usta
09:00
send it to the lab and you'll know for sure.
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i pošaljite to laboratoriji na analizu i znaćete zasigurno.
09:02
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:04
Do you really want to elect a president
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Da li zaista želite da izaberete predsednika čiji
09:06
whose genome suggests cardiomyopathy?
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genom sugeriše da će razviti kardiomiopatiju?
09:08
Now think of it, it's 2016
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Sada zamislite da je 2016. godina
09:10
and the leading candidate releases
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i vodeći kandidat obelodanjuje
09:11
not only her four years of back tax returns,
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ne samo svoj izveštaj о taksаma za poslednje 4 godine,
09:13
but also her personal genome.
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već i svoj lični genom.
09:15
And it looks really good.
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I izgleda veoma dobro.
09:17
And then she challenges all of her competitors to do the same.
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A potom ona poziva sve svoje suparnike da urade isto.
09:19
Do you think that's not going to happen?
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Da li mislite da se to neće desiti?
09:21
Do you think it would have helped John McCain?
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Da li mislite da je to moglo da pomogne Džonu MekKejnu?
09:23
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:25
How many people in the audience
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Koliko ljudi u publici se
09:27
have the last name Resnick like me? Raise your hand.
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preziva Reznik kao ja? Podignite svoje ruke.
09:29
Anybody? Nobody.
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Bilo ko? Niko.
09:31
Typically, there's one or two.
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Obično bude jedno ili dvoje ljudi.
09:33
So my father's father was one of 10 Resnick brothers.
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Moj deda je bio jedan od desetorice braće Reznik.
09:35
They all hated each other.
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Oni se međusobno nisu podnosili.
09:37
And they all moved to different parts of the planet.
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I svi su se raselili po različitim delovima planete.
09:39
So it's likely
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Tako da postoji mogućnost
09:41
that I'm related to every Resnick that I ever meet, but I don't know.
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da sam ja u srodstvu sa svakim Reznikom kojeg upoznam, ali to ne znam.
09:44
But imagine if my genome were deidentified, sitting in software,
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Zamislite sada da je moj genom dekodiran, i da se nalazi u nekom softveru,
09:47
and a third cousin's genome was also sitting there,
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i da se isto tako i genom mog daljeg rođaka nalazi u tom softveru,
09:49
and there was software that could compare these two
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i da postoji softver koji može da uporedi ta dva genoma
09:51
and make these associations.
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i uspostavi takve veze.
09:53
Not hard to imagine. My company has software that does this right now.
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To nije teško zamisliti. Moja kompanija ima softver koji baš sada radi upravo to.
09:56
And so imagine one more thing:
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I zamislite još jednu stvar
09:58
that that software is able to ask both parties for mutual consents,
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da je taj softver u stanju da upita obe stranke za uzajamnu saglasnost,
10:01
"Would you be willing to meet your third cousin?"
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"Da li biste želeli da upoznate svog daljeg rođaka?"
10:03
And if we both say yes,
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I ukoliko obojica kažemo da,
10:05
voila! Welcome to chromosomally LinkedIn.
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juhu! Dobrodošli na hromozomski "LinkedIn".
10:07
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:11
Now this is probably a good thing, right?
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Sada, to je verovatno i dobra stvar, zar ne?
10:13
You have bigger clan gatherings and so on.
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Dolazi do okupljanja većeg klana i tako dalje.
10:15
But maybe it's a bad thing as well.
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Ali možda je to i loša stvar.
10:17
How many fathers in the room? Raise your hands.
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Koliko ima očeva u ovoj sobi? Podignite svoje ruke.
10:19
Okay, so experts think that one to three percent of you
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U redu, stručnjaci misle da 1 do 3 odsto očeva
10:22
are not actually the father of your child.
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u stvari nisu očevi svoje dece.
10:24
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:26
Look --
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Pogledajte.
10:28
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:32
These genomes, these 23 chromosomes,
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Ovi genomi, ovih 23 hromozoma,
10:35
they don't in any way represent the quality of our relationships
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ne predstavljaju ni na koji način kvalitet naših odnosa
10:38
or the nature of our society -- at least not yet.
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ili prirodu našeg društva, barem još uvek ne čine to.
10:40
And like any new technology,
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I kao svaka druga nova tehnologija,
10:42
it's really in humanity's hands
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zaista je u rukama čovečanstva
10:44
to wield it for the betterment of mankind, or not.
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da njome upravlja u smeru njegovog poboljšanja ili pogoršanja.
10:47
And so I urge you all to wake up and to tune in
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Tako da vas ja podstičem da se probudite i raspitate
10:50
and to influence the genomic revolution that's happening all around you.
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i utičete na genomsku revoluciju koja se dešava svuda oko vas.
10:53
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
10:55
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Richard Resnick - EntrepreneurRichard Resnick is on the front lines of the business of genomes, as CEO of GenomeQuest, a maker of genomic software.
Why you should listen
Richard Resnick is CEO of GenomeQuest , a company that builds software to support genomic medicine -- research and individualized treatments that take advantage of cheap and accessible genome processing. He was previously CEO of Mosaic Bioinformatics; before becoming a bio-entrepreneur, he was a member of the Human Genome Project under Eric Lander at MIT.
Richard Resnick | Speaker | TED.com