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Mitch Resnick: Let's teach kids to code
Mič Reznik (Mitch Resnick): Naučimo decu da programiraju
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Programiranje nije samo za računarske eksperte, tvrdi Mič Reznik iz MIT Medijske laboratorije - ono je za sve nas. U zabavnom govoru punom primera projekata, Reznik govori o korisnosti učenja dece programiranju, kako bi ona bila sposobna ne samo da "čitaju" uz pomoć novih tehnologija - već i da ih stvaraju. (Snimljeno na TEDxBeaconStreet.)
Mitch Resnick - Computer scientist
Mitch Resnick directs the Lifelong Kindergarten group at MIT Media Lab, dedicated to helping kids of all ages tinker and experiment with design. Full bio
Mitch Resnick directs the Lifelong Kindergarten group at MIT Media Lab, dedicated to helping kids of all ages tinker and experiment with design. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
It was a Saturday afternoon in May,
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Bilo je to subotnje popodne u maju
00:19
and I suddenly realized
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i odjednom sam shvatio
00:22
that the next day was Mother's Day,
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da je sutradan Dan majki,
00:25
and I hadn't gotten anything for my mom,
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a ja nisam ništa kupio majci,
00:27
so I started thinking about
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pa sam počeo da razmišljam o tome
00:28
what should I get my mom for Mother's Day?
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šta bi trebalo da joj poklonim za Dan majki?
00:31
I thought, why don't I make her
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Pomislio sam, zašto joj ne bih napravio
00:33
an interactive Mother's Day card
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interaktivnu čestitku za Dan majki
00:36
using the Scratch software that I'd been developing
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koristeći softver Skreč (Scratch)
na kome sam radio
na kome sam radio
00:38
with my research group at the MIT Media Lab?
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sa svojim istraživačkim timom
u Medijskoj laboratoriji MIT-a?
u Medijskoj laboratoriji MIT-a?
00:42
We developed it so that people could easily create
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Napravili smo taj softver kako bi ljudi
mogli jednostavno da prave
mogli jednostavno da prave
00:46
their own interactive stories and games and animations,
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sopstvene interaktivne
priče i igrice i animacije
priče i igrice i animacije
00:50
and then share their creations with one another.
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i onda svoje kreacije podele jedni s drugima.
00:54
So I thought, this would be an opportunity to use Scratch
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Pomislio sam da bi ovo bila prilika
da upotrebim Skreč
da upotrebim Skreč
00:57
to make an interactive card for my mom.
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da napravim interaktivnu čestitku
svojoj majci.
svojoj majci.
01:00
Before making my own Mother's Day card,
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Pre nego što sam počeo da pravim
svoju čestitku za Dan Majki,
svoju čestitku za Dan Majki,
01:03
I thought I would take a look
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odlučio sam da pogledam
01:05
at the Scratch website.
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veb stranicu Skreča.
01:06
So over the last several years, kids around the world
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Tu su deca širom sveta,
uzrasta od 8 godina i naviše,
uzrasta od 8 godina i naviše,
01:09
ages 8 and up, have shared their projects,
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proteklih nekoliko godina
delila svoje projekte.
delila svoje projekte.
01:13
and I thought, I wonder if, of those three million projects,
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I zapitao sam se, da li se u tih
tri miliona projekata
tri miliona projekata
01:16
whether anyone else has thought to put up Mother's Day cards.
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još neko dosetio da postavi
čestitku za Dan majki.
čestitku za Dan majki.
01:19
So in the search box I typed in
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I tako sam
u prostor za pretraživanje ukucao
u prostor za pretraživanje ukucao
01:22
"Mother's Day,"
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"Dan majki"
01:24
and I was surprised and delighted to see a list
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i bio sam iznenađen i oduševljen,
jer sam video listu
jer sam video listu
01:27
of dozens and dozens of Mother's Day cards
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desetina i desetina
čestitki za Dan Majki
čestitki za Dan Majki
01:30
that showed up on the Scratch website,
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koje su se pojavile na stranici Skreča,
01:32
many of them just in the past 24 hours
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mnoge od kojih su postavili,
u proteklih 24 sata,
u proteklih 24 sata,
01:35
by procrastinators just like myself.
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ljudi koji ostavljaju sve
za poslednji čas, baš kao i ja.
za poslednji čas, baš kao i ja.
01:38
So I started taking a look at them. (Music)
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Počeo da ih pregledavam.
(Muzika)
(Muzika)
01:41
I saw one of them that featured a kitten
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Video sam jednu na kojoj su bile mačka
01:43
and her mom and wishing her mom a happy Mother's Day.
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i njena mama,
kojoj ona želi srećan Dan majki.
kojoj ona želi srećan Dan majki.
01:50
And the creator very considerately
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I osoba koja je napravila tu čestitku,
veoma uviđavno je
veoma uviđavno je
01:53
offered a replay for her mom.
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ponudila svojoj majci
i mogućnost ponovnog gledanja.
i mogućnost ponovnog gledanja.
01:56
Another one was an interactive project where,
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Jedna druga čestitka
je bila interaktivni projekat gde je,
je bila interaktivni projekat gde je,
01:59
when you moved the mouse over the letters of "Happy Mom Day,"
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kada ste pomerali miš preko slova
"Srećan Dan majki",
"Srećan Dan majki",
02:02
it reveals a special happy Mother's Day slogan.
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izlazila posebna poruka za Dan majki.
02:07
(Music) In this one, the creator told a narrative
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(Muzika)
U ovoj, osoba koja ju je napravila je ispričala priču
U ovoj, osoba koja ju je napravila je ispričala priču
02:11
about how she had Googled to find out
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o tome kako je morala da potraži na internetu
02:13
when Mother's Day was happening.
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kada je tačno Dan majki.
02:16
(Typing) And then once she found out when Mother's Day was happening,
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(Kucanje)
I onda kada je otkrila kada je Dan majki,
I onda kada je otkrila kada je Dan majki,
02:21
she delivered a special Mother's Day greeting
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napravila je posebnu čestitku za praznik,
02:23
of how much she loved her mom.
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na kojoj piše koliko ona voli svoju mamu.
02:27
So I really enjoyed looking at these projects
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Veoma sam uživao u listanju
02:29
and interacting with these projects.
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i interakciji s ovim projektima.
02:31
In fact, I liked it so much that, instead of making my own project,
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U stvari, toliko mi se to svidelo,
da sam umesto da napravim svoj projekat,
da sam umesto da napravim svoj projekat,
02:34
I sent my mom links to about a dozen of these projects. (Laughter)
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mojoj majci poslao desetinu
ovih projekata. (Smeh)
ovih projekata. (Smeh)
02:39
And actually, she reacted exactly the way that I hoped that she would.
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I u stvari, ona je odreagova upravo onako
kako sam se nadao da će odreagovati.
kako sam se nadao da će odreagovati.
02:43
She wrote back to me and she said,
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Uzvratila mi je porukom u kojoj je rekla:
02:44
"I'm so proud to have a son that created the software
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"Veoma sam ponosna što imam sina
koji je napravio softver
koji je napravio softver
02:47
that allowed these kids to make Mother's Day cards for their mothers."
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koji omogućava ovoj deci da prave
čestitke za Dan majki svojim majkama."
čestitke za Dan majki svojim majkama."
02:52
So my mom was happy, and that made me happy,
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I tako je moja majka bila srećna
i to je mene učinilo srećnim,
i to je mene učinilo srećnim,
02:55
but actually I was even happier for another reason.
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ali sam u stvari ja bio još srećniji
iz jednog drugog razloga.
iz jednog drugog razloga.
03:00
I was happy because these kids were using Scratch
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Bio sam srećan,
jer su ova deca koristila Skreč
jer su ova deca koristila Skreč
03:04
just in the way that we had hoped that they would.
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baš onako kako smo se nadali
da će ga koristiti.
da će ga koristiti.
03:07
As they created their interactive Mother's Day cards,
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Dok su radili na svojim
interaktivnim čestitkama za Dan majki,
interaktivnim čestitkama za Dan majki,
03:10
you could see that they were really
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mogli ste da vidite da su zaista
03:12
becoming fluent with new technologies.
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postajali spretni s novim tehnologijama.
03:15
What do I mean by fluent?
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Na šta mislim kad kažem spretni?
03:17
I mean that they were able to start expressing themselves
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Mislim na to da su bili sposobni da se izraze
03:21
and to start expressing their ideas.
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i da počnu da izražavaju svoje ideje.
03:23
When you become fluent with language,
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Kada postanete tečni u jednom jeziku,
03:26
it means you can write an entry in your journal
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to znači da možete da pišete na njemu
u svom dnevniku,
u svom dnevniku,
03:30
or tell a joke to someone or write a letter to a friend.
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ispričate nekome šalu
ili napišete pismo prijatelju.
ili napišete pismo prijatelju.
03:34
And it's similar with new technologies.
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I to je slično i sa novim tehnologijama.
03:37
By writing, be creating these interactive Mother's Day cards,
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Pisanjem, stvaranjem
ovih interaktivnih čestitki za Dan majki,
ovih interaktivnih čestitki za Dan majki,
03:41
these kids were showing that they were really fluent
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ova deca su pokazala da su
zaista spretna
zaista spretna
03:44
with new technologies.
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u radu s novim tehnologijama.
03:45
Now maybe you won't be so surprised by this,
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Ovo vas možda neće toliko iznenaditi,
03:48
because a lot of times people feel that
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jer ljudi često smatraju
03:51
young people today can do all sorts of things with technology.
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da su mladi ljudi danas sposobni
da urade mnoge stvari sa tehnologijom.
da urade mnoge stvari sa tehnologijom.
03:54
I mean, all of us have heard young people referred to as "digital natives."
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Mislim da smo svi čuli da se za mlade ljude govori
da su "digitalni urođenici".
da su "digitalni urođenici".
03:59
But actually I'm sort of skeptical about this term.
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Ali sam ja u stvari pomalo skeptičan
u vezi sa ovim terminom.
u vezi sa ovim terminom.
04:02
I'm not so sure we should be thinking of young people as digital natives.
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Nisam siguran da bi trebalo
da mislimo o mladima na taj način.
da mislimo o mladima na taj način.
04:06
When you really look at it, how is it that young people
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Ako stvarno obratimo pažnju,
kako to mladi ljudi
kako to mladi ljudi
04:08
spend most of their time using new technologies?
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provode većinu vremena
dok koriste nove tehnologije?
dok koriste nove tehnologije?
04:12
You often see them in situations like this,
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Često ih vidite u situacijama kao što je ova
04:15
or like this,
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ili ova
04:18
and there's no doubt that young people
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i nema sumnje da su mladi ljudi
04:19
are very comfortable and familiar browsing
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veoma naviknuti i upoznati sa pretraživanjem,
04:22
and chatting and texting and gaming.
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četom, dopisivanjem i igricama.
04:27
But that doesn't really make you fluent.
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Ali to ih ne čini zaista upućenim.
04:30
So young people today have lots of experience
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I tako, mladi ljudi danas imaju
mnogo iskustva
mnogo iskustva
04:34
and lots of familiarity with interacting with new technologies,
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i veoma su upoznati
sa korišćenjem novih tehnologija,
sa korišćenjem novih tehnologija,
04:38
but a lot less so of creating with new technologies
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ali mnogo manje znaju o stvaranju
uz pomoć ovih novih tehnologija
uz pomoć ovih novih tehnologija
04:41
and expressing themselves with new technologies.
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i iskazivanju sebe kroz nove tehnologije.
04:44
It's almost as if they can read
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To je pomalo kao da umeju da čitaju,
04:47
but not write with new technologies.
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ali ne i da pišu uz pomoć novih tehnologija.
04:50
And I'm really interested in seeing, how can we help young people become fluent
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Veoma me interesuje kako možemo da pomognemo
mladim ljudima da postanu toliko spretni
mladim ljudima da postanu toliko spretni
04:54
so they can write with new technologies?
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da mogu da pišu
uz pomoć novih tehnologija.
uz pomoć novih tehnologija.
04:56
And that really means that they need to be able to
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I to znači da oni treba da budu sposobni
05:00
write their own computer programs, or code.
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da pišu svoje kompjuterske programe
ili da kodiraju.
ili da kodiraju.
05:04
So, increasingly, people are starting to recognize
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I tako, postepeno, ljudi počinju da uviđaju
05:07
the importance of learning to code.
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važnost toga da se nauči programiranje.
05:10
You know, in recent years, there have been
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Znate, proteklih godina, pokrenuto je
05:13
hundreds of new organizations and websites
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stotine novih organizacija i veb stranica
05:16
that are helping young people learn to code.
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koje pomažu mladim ljudima
da nauče da programiraju.
da nauče da programiraju.
05:19
You look online, you'll see places like Codecademy
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Ako pogledate na internetu, videćete stranice
kao što je Kodakademi (Codecademy)
kao što je Kodakademi (Codecademy)
05:23
and events like CoderDojo
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i dešavanja kao što je
KoderDodžo (CoderDojo)
KoderDodžo (CoderDojo)
05:25
and sites like Girls Who Code,
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i sajtove kao što su
Devojke koje kodiraju (Girls Who Code)
Devojke koje kodiraju (Girls Who Code)
05:28
or Black Girls Code.
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ili Crne devojke kodiraju (Black Girls Code).
05:29
It seems that everybody is getting into the act.
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Izgleda kao da se svi priključuju.
05:32
You know, just at the beginning of this year,
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Da li znate, da je samo početkom ove godine,
05:35
at the turn of the new year,
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na novogodišnje veče,
05:36
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg
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gradonačelnik Njujorka, Majkl Blumberg
05:39
made a New Year's resolution that he was going to learn
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doneo novogodišnju odluku da će da nauči
05:41
to code in 2012.
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da programira u 2012.
05:44
A few months later, the country of Estonia decided that
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Nekoliko meseci kasnije,
država Estonija je odlučila
država Estonija je odlučila
05:47
all of its first graders should learn to code.
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da svi učenici prvog razreda
treba da nauče da programiraju.
treba da nauče da programiraju.
05:51
And that triggered a debate in the U.K.
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I to je pokrenulo debatu
u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu
u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu
05:54
about whether all the children there should learn to code.
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o tome da li sva deca tamo treba
da nauče da programiraju.
da nauče da programiraju.
05:58
Now, for some of you, when you hear about this,
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Za neke od vas, kada čujete ovo,
06:01
it might seem sort of strange about everybody learning to code.
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može delovati pomalo čudno
što svi uče da programiraju.
što svi uče da programiraju.
06:04
When many people think of coding, they think of it
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Mnogi ljudi kada pomisle
na programiranje, pomisle
na programiranje, pomisle
06:08
as something that only a very narrow sub-community
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na jednu veoma usku zajednicu
06:11
of people are going to be doing,
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ljudi koji se time bave
06:14
and they think of coding looking like this.
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i misle da programiranje izgleda ovako.
06:17
And in fact, if this is what coding is like,
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A, u stvari, ako ono izgleda ovako,
06:19
it will only be a narrow sub-community of people
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onda će samo veoma mala zajednica ljudi
06:21
with special mathematical skills and technological background
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sa posebnim matematičkim sposobnostima
i iskustvom sa tehnologijom
i iskustvom sa tehnologijom
06:24
that can code.
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moći da programira.
06:27
But coding doesn't have to be like this.
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Ali programiranje ne mora da bude ovakvo.
06:29
Let me show you about what it's like to code in Scratch.
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Dozvolite mi da vam pokažem
kako izgleda programiranje u Skreču.
kako izgleda programiranje u Skreču.
06:33
So in Scratch, to code, you just snap blocks together.
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Da biste programirali u Skreču,
samo treba da spojite kockice.
samo treba da spojite kockice.
06:37
In this case, you take a move block,
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U ovom slučaju
uzmete kockicu za pomeranje
uzmete kockicu za pomeranje
06:39
snap it into a stack,
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i dodate je gomili
06:41
and the stacks of blocks control the behaviors
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i te kockice kontrolišu
pomeranje
pomeranje
06:44
of the different characters in your game or your story,
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raznih karaktera u vašoj
igrici ili priči,
igrici ili priči,
06:47
in this case controlling the big fish.
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u ovom slučaju ona kontroliše veliku ribu.
06:50
After you've created your program, you can click on "share,"
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Nakon što ste napravili program,
klinkete na "podeli"
klinkete na "podeli"
06:53
and then share your project with other people,
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i tako podelite svoj projekat
sa drugima
sa drugima
06:56
so that they can use the project
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i oni onda mogu da ga koriste
06:58
and start working on the project as well.
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i takođe rade na njemu.
07:01
So, of course, making a fish game isn't the only thing
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Naravno, pravljenje igrice sa ribicom
nije jedina stvar
nije jedina stvar
07:04
you can do with Scratch.
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koju možete da radite u Skreču.
07:06
Of the millions of projects on the Scratch website,
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Među milionima projekata
na sajtu Skreča
na sajtu Skreča
07:08
there's everything from animated stories
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ima svega od animiranih priča
07:11
to school science projects
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do naučnih projekata za školu,
07:13
to anime soap operas
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crtanih sapunica,
07:15
to virtual construction kits
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virtuelnih uputstava,
07:18
to recreations of classic video games
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kopija klasičnih video igara,
07:20
to political opinion polls
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anketa o političkim opredeljenjima,
07:23
to trigonometry tutorials
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lekcija iz trigonometrije,
07:25
to interactive artwork, and, yes,
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interaktivnih imetničkih dela i naravno,
07:28
interactive Mother's Day cards.
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interaktivnih čestitki za Dan majki.
07:31
So I think there's so many different ways
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Mislim da postoji
mnogo različitih načina
mnogo različitih načina
07:34
that people can express themselves using this,
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na koji ljudi mogu da se izraze
putem ovoga,
putem ovoga,
07:37
to be able to take their ideas and share their ideas with the world.
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da uzmu svoje ideje i podele ih
sa svetom.
sa svetom.
07:41
And it doesn't just stay on the screen.
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I ove stvari nisu vezane samo za monitor.
07:43
You can also code to interact with the physical world around you.
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U programiranje možete uključiti
i stvaran, fizički svet oko vas.
i stvaran, fizički svet oko vas.
07:47
Here's an example from Hong Kong,
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Evo primera iz Hongkonga.
07:50
where some kids made a game
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Deca su napravila igricu
07:51
and then built their own physical interface device
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i sopstveni uređaj
07:54
and had a light sensor, so the light sensor
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koji je imao svetlosne senzore
i ti senzori
i ti senzori
07:57
detects the hole in the board,
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detektuju rupu na tabli
07:59
so as they move the physical saw,
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i kako oni pomeraju testeru u stvarnosti
08:01
the light sensor detects the hole
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svetlosni senzor detektuje rupu
08:04
and controls the virtual saw on the screen
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i kontroliše virtuelnu testeru
na ekranu
na ekranu
08:07
and saws down the tree.
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i seče drvo.
08:09
We're going to continue to look at new ways
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Pogledaćemo još nekoliko novih načina
08:11
of bringing together the physical world and the virtual world
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povezivanja fizičkog i virtuelnog sveta
08:14
and connecting to the world around us.
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oko nas.
08:17
This is an example from a new version of Scratch
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Ovo je primer iz novije verzije Skreča
08:20
that we'll be releasing in the next few months,
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koju ćemo objaviti za nekoliko meseci
08:23
and we're looking again to be able
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i s kojim ponovo pokušavamo da vas
08:25
to push you in new directions.
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pokrenemo na druge načine.
08:27
Here's an example.
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Evo jednog primera.
08:29
It uses the webcam.
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Potrebna je veb kamera.
08:33
And as I move my hand, I can pop the balloons
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I kako pomeram ruku,
mogu da bušim balone
mogu da bušim balone
08:38
or I can move the bug.
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ili pomeram bubu.
08:41
So it's a little bit like Microsoft Kinect,
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Pomalo je nalik Majkrosof Kinektu
08:44
where you interact with gestures in the world.
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sa kojim možete da radite
uz pomoć pokreta.
uz pomoć pokreta.
08:46
But instead of just playing someone else's game,
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Ali umesto igranja tuđe igrice,
08:49
you get to create the games,
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možete da pravite igrice,
08:51
and if you see someone else's game,
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a ako vidite nečiju igricu
08:52
you can just say "see inside,"
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možete da odaberete opciju
"pogledaj iznutra"
"pogledaj iznutra"
08:55
and you can look at the stacks of blocks that control it.
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i da pogledate skupove kockica
koji je kontrolišu.
koji je kontrolišu.
08:58
So there's a new block that says how much video motion there is,
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Postoji jedna nova kockica
koja određuje pokrete
koja određuje pokrete
09:01
and then, if there's so much video motion,
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i ako ima puno pokreta na videu,
09:04
it will then tell the balloon to pop.
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balon će se probušiti.
09:08
The same way that this uses the camera
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Na isti način
kao što se ovde koristi kamera
kao što se ovde koristi kamera
09:10
to get information into Scratch,
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za unos informacija u Skreč,
09:13
you can also use the microphone.
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možete koristiti i mikrofon.
09:16
Here's an example of a project using the microphone.
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Evo primera projekta u kome
se koristi mikrofon.
se koristi mikrofon.
09:20
So I'm going to let all of you control this game
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Dozvoliću svima vama da
kontrolišete ovu igricu
kontrolišete ovu igricu
09:22
using your voices.
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uz pomoć svojih glasova.
09:24
(Crickets chirping) (Shouts) (Chomping)
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(Cvrkutanje cvrčaka) (Uzvici) (Žvakanje)
09:41
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:49
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
09:58
As kids are creating projects like this,
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Deca stvaraju projekte kao što je ovaj
10:01
they're learning to code,
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i uče da programiraju,
10:03
but even more importantly, they're coding to learn.
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ali, što je još važnije,
ona programiraju da bi učila.
ona programiraju da bi učila.
10:07
Because as they learn to code,
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Jer im učenje programiranja
10:09
it enables them to learn many other things,
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omogućava da nauče mnoge druge stvari,
10:13
opens up many new opportunities for learning.
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otvara im mnogo novih
mogućnosti za učenje.
mogućnosti za učenje.
10:16
Again, it's useful to make an analogy to reading and writing.
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Dobro bi bilo ponovo napraviti paralelu
sa čitanjem i pisanjem.
sa čitanjem i pisanjem.
10:20
When you learn to read and write, it opens up
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Kada učite da čitate i pišete,
to vam otvara
to vam otvara
10:23
opportunities for you to learn so many other things.
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mogućnosti da naučite
mnogo drugih stvari.
mnogo drugih stvari.
10:26
When you learn to read, you can then read to learn.
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Kada naučite da čitate,
onda možete da čitate da biste učili.
onda možete da čitate da biste učili.
10:30
And it's the same thing with coding.
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I to je tako i sa programiranjem.
10:32
If you learn to code, you can code to learn.
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Ako naučite da programirate,
možete da programirate da biste učili.
možete da programirate da biste učili.
10:34
Now some of the things you can learn are sort of obvious.
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Neke od stvari koje možete da naučite
su skoro očigledne.
su skoro očigledne.
10:37
You learn more about how computers work.
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Učite o tome kako kompjuteri rade.
10:39
But that's just where it starts.
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Ali to je tek početak.
10:42
When you learn to code, it opens up for you to learn
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Kada naučite da programirate,
to vam stvara mogućnost
to vam stvara mogućnost
10:44
many other things.
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da naučite mnoge druge stvari.
10:47
Let me show you an example.
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Dozvolite mi da vam pokažem jedan primer.
10:49
Here's another project,
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Ovo je još jedan projekat
10:51
and I saw this when I was visiting
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koji sam video dok sam bio u poseti
10:53
one of the computer clubhouses.
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jednom računarskom klubu.
10:56
These are after-school learning centers that we helped start
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Ovo su vannastavni centri za učenje,
čije pokretanje smo potpomogli,
čije pokretanje smo potpomogli,
10:59
that help young people from low-income communities
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kako bismo pomogli mladim ljudima
iz zajednica sa niskim prihodima
iz zajednica sa niskim prihodima
11:01
learn to express themselves creatively with new technologies.
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da nauče da se kreativno iskažu
uz pomoć novih tehnologija.
uz pomoć novih tehnologija.
11:05
And when I went to one of the clubhouses a couple years ago,
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I kada sam posetio jedan od ovih
računarskih klubova pre nekoliko godina,
računarskih klubova pre nekoliko godina,
11:08
I saw a 13-year-old boy who was using our Scratch software
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video sam trinaestogodišnjeg dečaka
koji je koristio Skreč
koji je koristio Skreč
11:12
to create a game somewhat like this one,
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kako bi napravio igricu nalik ovoj
11:15
and he was very happy with his game and proud of his game,
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i on je bio veoma zadovoljan svojom igricom
i ponosan na nju,
i ponosan na nju,
11:18
but also he wanted to do more.
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ali je takođe želeo da uradi
nešto dodatno sa njom.
nešto dodatno sa njom.
11:21
He wanted to keep score.
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Želeo je da beleži poene.
11:23
So this was a game where the big fish eats the little fish,
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To je bila igrica u kojoj velika riba
jede malu ribu,
jede malu ribu,
11:26
but he wanted to keep score, so that each time
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ali je on želeo da beleži poene
kako bi svaki put
kako bi svaki put
11:29
the big fish eats the little fish,
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kada velika riba pojede malu
11:32
the score would go up and it would keep track,
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dobijao poene i pratio napredak,
11:35
and he didn't know how to do that.
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ali nije znao kako to da uradi.
11:38
So I showed him.
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Pa sam mu ja pokazao.
11:40
In Scratch, you can create something called a variable.
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U Skreču možete da napravite nešto
što se zove promenjiva.
što se zove promenjiva.
11:43
I'll call it score.
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Ja ću je nazvati "poeni".
11:47
And that creates some new blocks for you,
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I ona vam stvara nove kockice
11:50
and also creates a little scoreboard that keeps track of the score,
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i malu tablu za poene koja prati napredak,
11:55
so each time I click on "change score," it increments the score.
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tako da svaki put kada kliknem na "promeni poene",
ona unosi poene.
ona unosi poene.
12:00
So I showed this to the clubhouse member --
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Pokazao sam ovo članu računarskog kluba -
12:03
let's call him Victor -- and Victor,
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nazovimo ga Viktor - i Viktor je,
12:05
when he saw that this block would let him increment the score,
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kada je video da mu ova kockica
omogućava da unosi poene,
omogućava da unosi poene,
12:08
he knew exactly what to do.
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tačno znao šta treba da radi.
12:10
He took the block
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Uzeo je kockicu
12:12
and he put it into the program
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i ubacio ju je u program
12:15
exactly where the big fish eats the little fish.
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upravo tamo gde velika riba jede
malu ribu.
malu ribu.
12:20
So then, each time the big fish eats the little fish,
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I onda, svaki put kada bi velika riba
pojela malu ribu,
pojela malu ribu,
12:25
he will increment the score, and the score will go up by one.
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pojavljivali su se poeni koji bi rasli
jedan po jedan.
jedan po jedan.
12:31
And it's in fact working.
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I to u stvari funkcioniše.
12:32
And he saw this, and he was so excited,
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Kada je video ovo,
bio je toliko uzbuđen
bio je toliko uzbuđen
12:35
he reached his hand out to me,
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da mi je pružio ruku
12:36
and he said, "Thank you, thank you, thank you."
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i rekao:
"Hvala Vam, hvala Vam, hvala Vam."
"Hvala Vam, hvala Vam, hvala Vam."
12:39
And what went through my mind was,
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Ono što mi je tada prošlo
kroz glavu je pitanje
kroz glavu je pitanje
12:41
how often is it that teachers are thanked by their students
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koliko često učenici zahvale učiteljima
12:44
for teaching them variables? (Laughter)
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za to što su ih naučili promenjivama?
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
12:47
It doesn't happen in most classrooms,
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To se ne dešava u većini učionica,
12:50
but that's because in most classrooms, when kids learn about variables,
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ali to je zato što u većini učionica,
kada deca uče o promenjivama,
kada deca uče o promenjivama,
12:53
they don't know why they're learning it.
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ona ne znaju zašto to rade.
12:55
It's nothing that, really, they can make use of.
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To nije nešto što im može koristiti.
12:58
When you learn ideas like this in Scratch,
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Kada učite o ovakvim idejama u Skreču,
13:00
you can learn it in a way that's really meaningful and motivating for you,
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učite ih na način koji je zaista smislen
i motivišući,
i motivišući,
13:04
that you can understand the reason for learning variables,
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tako da možete razumeti razlog
zašto učite promenjive
zašto učite promenjive
13:07
and we see that kids learn it more deeply
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i možemo da vidimo da deca uče
mnogo temeljnije
mnogo temeljnije
13:09
and learn it better.
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i bolje.
13:11
Victor had, I'm sure, been taught about variables in schools,
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Verujem da su Viktora već učili
o promenjivama u školi,
o promenjivama u školi,
13:14
but he really didn't -- he wasn't paying attention.
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ali on nije zaista naučio -
nije obraćao pažnju.
nije obraćao pažnju.
13:16
Now he had a reason for learning variables.
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Sada je imao razlog da ih nauči.
13:18
So when you learn through coding, and coding to learn,
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Zato, kada učite kroz programiranje
i programirate da biste učili,
i programirate da biste učili,
13:21
you're learning it in a meaningful context, and that's the best way of learning things.
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vi učite u smislenom kontekstu,
a to je najbolji način da se stvari nauče.
a to je najbolji način da se stvari nauče.
13:26
So as kids like Victor are creating projects like this,
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I dok deca kao Viktor stvaraju
projekte kao što je ovaj,
projekte kao što je ovaj,
13:30
they're learning important concepts like variables,
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ona uče važne koncepte
kao što su promenjive,
kao što su promenjive,
13:33
but that's just the start.
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ali to je samo početak.
13:35
As Victor worked on this project and created the scripts,
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Dok je Viktor radio na projektu
i ispisivao skripte
i ispisivao skripte
13:39
he was also learning about the process of design,
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on je takođe učio o procesu dizajniranja,
13:42
how to start with the glimmer of an idea
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kako započeti sa tračkom ideje
13:44
and turn it into a fully-fledged, functioning project
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i pretvoriti to u punopravni projekat koji radi,
13:47
like you see here.
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kao što ovde vidite.
13:50
So he was learning many different core principles of design,
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On je učio mnoge raznovrsne principe dizajniranja,
13:54
about how to experiment with new ideas,
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o tome kako da eksperimentiše
sa novim idejama,
sa novim idejama,
13:57
how to take complex ideas and break them down into simpler parts,
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kako da kompleksne ideje podeli
na sitnije delove,
na sitnije delove,
14:02
how to collaborate with other people on your projects,
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kako da sarađuje sa drugim ljudima
na svojim projektima,
na svojim projektima,
14:05
about how to find and fix bugs when things go wrong,
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kako da nađe i ispravi greške
kada stvari ne pođu po planu,
kada stvari ne pođu po planu,
14:08
how to keep persistent and to persevere
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kako da bude uporan i istrajan
14:11
in the face of frustrations when things aren't working well.
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u trenucima frustracije kada
stvari ne ispadnu kako je zamislio.
stvari ne ispadnu kako je zamislio.
14:15
Now those are important skills
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To su važne veštine
14:17
that aren't just relevant for coding.
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koji nisu bitne samo za programiranje.
14:19
They're relevant for all sorts of different activities.
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One su bitne za raznovrsne aktivnosti.
14:22
Now, who knows if Victor is going to grow up and become
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Ko bi mogao da zna da li će Viktor
kada odraste
kada odraste
14:25
a programmer or a professional computer scientist?
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da postane programer ili profesionalni
računarski naučnik?
računarski naučnik?
14:28
It's probably not so likely,
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To nije najverovatnije,
14:30
but regardless of what he does,
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ali bez obzira na to šta bude radio
14:32
he'll be able to make use of these design skills that he learned.
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on će moći da upotrebi veštine
koje je naučio.
koje je naučio.
14:36
Regardless of whether he grows up to be a marketing manager
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Bez obzira da li će postati
menadžer marketinga,
menadžer marketinga,
14:38
or a mechanic or a community organizer,
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mehaničar ili organizator zajednice,
14:41
that these ideas are useful for everybody.
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ove ideje su korisne za sve nas.
14:44
Again, it's useful to think about this analogy with language.
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Opet je korisno porazmisliti o paraleli
sa jezikom.
sa jezikom.
14:48
When you become fluent with reading and writing,
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Kada postanete tečni
u čitanju i pisanju,
u čitanju i pisanju,
14:52
it's not something that you're doing
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to nije nešto što radite
14:54
just to become a professional writer.
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1960
samo da biste postali profesionalni pisac.
14:56
Very few people become professional writers.
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Veoma mali broj ljudi postanu
profesionalni pisci.
profesionalni pisci.
14:59
But it's useful for everybody to learn how to read and write.
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Ali svima je korisno da nauče
da čitaju i pišu.
da čitaju i pišu.
15:03
Again, the same thing with coding.
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Ponovo, ista stvar je i sa programiranjem.
15:05
Most people won't grow up to become professional
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Većina ljudi neće postati profesionalni
15:07
computer scientists or programmers,
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računarski naučnici ili programeri,
15:10
but those skills of thinking creatively,
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ali te veštine kreativnog razmišljanja,
15:13
reasoning systematically, working collaboratively --
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sistematičnog zaključivanja, timskog rada -
15:15
skills you develop when you code in Scratch --
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veštine koje razvijate dok
programirate u Skreču -
programirate u Skreču -
15:18
are things that people can use no matter what they're doing in their work lives.
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to su stvari koje ljudi mogu da koriste
bez obzira na to čime se u životu bave.
bez obzira na to čime se u životu bave.
15:23
And it's not just about your work life.
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I nije u pitanju samo poslovni život.
15:25
Coding can also enable you to
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Programiranje takođe može da vas osposobi
15:28
express your ideas and feelings in your personal life.
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da iskažete svoje ideje i osećanja
na privatnom planu.
na privatnom planu.
15:31
Let me end with just one more example.
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Dozvolite mi da vam pokažem
još samo jedan primer.
još samo jedan primer.
15:34
So this is an example that came from
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Ovo je primer nečega što se desilo
15:37
after I had sent the Mother's Day cards to my mom,
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nakon što sam svojoj majci poslao
čestitke za Dan majki
čestitke za Dan majki
15:41
she decided that she wanted to learn Scratch.
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i ona je odlučila da želi da nauči
da radi u Skreču.
da radi u Skreču.
15:44
So she made this project for my birthday
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Ona je napravila je ovaj projekat
za moj rođendan
za moj rođendan
15:47
and sent me a happy birthday Scratch card.
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i poslala mi čestitku u Skreču.
15:51
Now this project is not going to win any prizes for design,
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Ovaj projekat neće osvojiti nagrade za dizajn
15:55
and you can rest assured that my 83-year-old mom
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i možete biti sigurni da moja
osamdesettrogodišnja majka
osamdesettrogodišnja majka
15:58
is not training to become a professional programmer or computer scientist.
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neće postati profesionalni programer
ili računarski naučnik.
ili računarski naučnik.
16:02
But working on this project enabled her
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Ali rad na ovom projektu
joj je omogućio
joj je omogućio
16:05
to make a connection to someone that she cares about
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da ostvari vezu s nekim
do koga joj je stalo
do koga joj je stalo
16:08
and enabled her to keep on learning new things
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i omogućio joj je
da nauči nove stvari
da nauči nove stvari
16:10
and continuing to practice her creativity
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i da i dalje bude kreativna
16:13
and developing new ways of expressing herself.
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i pronalazi nove načine
da iskaže sebe.
da iskaže sebe.
16:16
So as we take a look and we see that
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Kada se osvrnemo oko sebe i vidimo
16:20
Michael Bloomberg is learning to code,
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da Majkl Blumberg uči da kodira,
16:23
all of the children of Estonia learn to code,
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sva deca u Estoniji uče da kodiraju,
16:25
even my mom has learned to code,
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čak je i moja majka naučila da programira,
16:28
don't you think it's about time that you might be
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ne mislite li da je kranje vreme da
porazmislite o tome
porazmislite o tome
16:29
thinking about learning to code?
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da i vi naučite da programirate?
16:31
If you're interested in giving it a try,
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Ako ste zainteresovani da pokušate
16:33
I'd encourage you to go to the Scratch website.
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želim da vam preporučim veb stranicu Skreča.
16:36
It's scratch.mit.edu,
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Adresa je: scratch.mit.edu
16:38
and give a try at coding.
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i probajte da programirate.
16:40
Thanks very much. (Applause)
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Hvala vam puno.
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mitch Resnick - Computer scientistMitch Resnick directs the Lifelong Kindergarten group at MIT Media Lab, dedicated to helping kids of all ages tinker and experiment with design.
Why you should listen
When we first enter primary school, we spend our days creating, painting, building, experimenting creatively with form and shape. But what happens after that first year? Why doesn't the creativity continue? Mitch Resnick, Director of the Lifelong Kindergarten program and LEGO Papert Professor of Learning Research at MIT Media Lab, is making it his mission to help kids keep the exploration going. He and his team develop new interfaces to help students engage with technology, in a way that encourages them to create and experiment the way we did in kindergarten with paint. Some of Resnick's projects include Scratch, which helps young users learn to code, and the Computer Clubhouse, an international network of creative afterschool programs for underpriveleged students.
Mitch Resnick | Speaker | TED.com